Kuchuluka kosalekeza kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi (BP), komwe kumatchulidwa m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku monga kuthamanga kwa magazi , kumatchedwa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ikhoza kuchita ngati chizindikiro cha matenda a impso, dongosolo la endocrine, nkhawa. Matendawa ndi oposa 5-10%, ndipo 90 mpaka 95% mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la magazi amayamba kudwala matenda oopsa kwambiri (odwala matenda oopsa kwambiri). Kenaka, tidzakambirana zomwe tingachite ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Zizolowezi zachibadwa za kuthamanga kwa magazi
Kudziwa matenda oopsa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zapamwamba ndi kutsika kwa magazi.
Systolic (kumtunda) - kupanikizika m'mitsempha, yomwe imachitika pa nthawi ya kusweka kwa mtima ndi kuthamangitsidwa kwa magazi. Mtengo woyenera ndi 110 - 139 mm Hg. Art.
Diastolic (malire otsika) - kupanikizika m'mitsempha, yomwe imachitika pa nthawi yachisangalalo cha minofu ya mtima. Chizolowezi chake ndi 80 - 89 mm Hg. Art.
Kupweteka kwambiri ndi kusiyana, pakati pa malire apamwamba ndi apansi (mwachitsanzo, potsitsimula 122/82 izi ndi 40 mm Hg).
Mlingo wa kupweteka kwa pulse ndi 50-40 mm Hg. Art.Zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa magazi
Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumayikiratu ngati miyezo ya magazi ikuposa 140/90 mm Hg. Art. Ziŵerengerozi ndizomwe zimakhala zolimba kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa, komabe nthawi zina wodwalayo samamva bwino ndipo amadziwa za kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika, pokhapokha atayika makapu a tonometer.
Nthaŵi zambiri, ndi kuwonjezereka, chizungulire, kupweteka mutu, kutopa. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, nosebleeds ndi magazi zimayenda kumaso. Ngati makhalidwe abwino a BP ali olimba, koma wodwala salandira chithandizo choyenera, izi ndizovulaza kwambiri ziwalo za mkati - ubongo, impso, maso, mtima. Pankhaniyi, kuwonjezera pa zizindikiro izi, pali kunyoza, kusanza, kupuma pang'ono, nkhawa.
Zimayambitsa kuchulukanso kwa magazi
Pa 20% mwa matenda omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri, odwala ali ndi chiwerengero chocheperapo cha BP pafupipafupi systolic pressure.
Choyambitsa matenda oopsa kwambiri akhoza kukhala:
- cholengedwa chobadwa;
- kunenepa kwambiri;
- ntchito yochepa yokwanira;
- kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso;
- kukhudzidwa kupsinjika;
- Kusuta, kumwa mowa.
Nthawi zina kukwera kwa magazi kumachepetsanso chifukwa china:
- Matenda a impso ( pyelonephritis , glomerulonephritis, polycystosis, amyloidosis, atherosclerosis wa zitsamba za impso);
- matenda a endocrine (pheochromocytoma).
Nthenda yothamanga magazi ya diastolic ndi chizindikiro cha alamu, chifukwa chikhalidwechi chimapangitsa kuti mafuta a cholesterol ndi fibrin akhalepo pamakoma a mitsempha, kuopseza thanzi.
Chithandizo cha kuwonjezeka kwa msinkhu chiyenera kuyamba ndi kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli.
Zifukwa zapamwamba kwambiri kuthamanga kwa magazi
Kuthamanga kwa magazi kothamanga kwambiri ndi chiwerengero chapansi cha 90 mm Hg. Art. ndi okalamba. Chimene chimayambitsa matendawa: kuphulika kwa makoma a zombo, zomwe zimawopsyeza matenda aakulu, ngati amatchedwa. systolic hypertension sangathe kuchiritsidwa. Matendawa amachititsanso kuti munthu azidwala matenda a mtima komanso kuti aphedwe.
Kuchiza kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi
Ngati zizindikiro za magazi sizigwirizana ndi matenda oopsa, koma zizindikiro za matenda ena (monga tazitchula pamwambapa, izi ndi 5-10%), ndiye kuti mankhwalawa akuyenera kuthetseratu matendawa.
Poyambitsa matenda oopsa kwambiri, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amathandiza, omwe amachititsa kuti:
- kuchepa kwa mlingo wamchere wa tsiku ndi tsiku;
- kupanikizika;
- kukana kusuta, mowa;
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi (kuyenda, kusambira);
- kutaya thupi (ndi kunenepa kwambiri);
- chakudya choletsedwa ndi mafuta a nyama.
Ngati kulibe mphamvu kumangotenga mankhwala a kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachikhalidwe:
- diuretics;
- ACE inhibitors;
- angiotensin receptor blockers;
- otsutsa kashiamu;
- beta-blockers.