Munthu aliyense ayenera kuphunzira kusamalira strawberries. Zimakhala zovuta kufotokozera makhalidwe apamwamba a zipatso zodabwitsa izi, zomwe ziri pakati pa mbewu zoyambirira za m'munda. Pamsika, amawoneka kale, akukopa malonda ndi zonunkhira, koma nyumba zokha zitha kukhala zothandiza 100% komanso zotetezeka.
Kodi kusamalira strawberries?
Kukoma kwa zipatso zoyamba zamalonda kumatentha kumapeto kwa May. Nthawi ya wamaluwa wamaluwa kuti ayambe kusamalira kwambiri strawberries pang'ono, kuchedwa kulikonse ndi feteleza, kuthirira kapena ntchito zina kumachepetsa kuchepa kwa mbeu, zimakhudza maonekedwe a zipatso zokoma. Malo ofufuzira ndi ophwima osavuta nthawi zonse amasamala za kukonzanso zothandizira mitundu, kotero alimi a dacha ndi alimi akuyenera kudziwa ndondomeko ya zitsamba zomwe anapeza, zikhalidwe zawo.
Ngati kale mitundu ya strawberries mu kulima ndi kusamalidwa zimasiyana pang'ono, ndiye chitsamba chamakono chikhoza kusiyanitsidwa ndi zosiyana zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi nthawi ya fruiting kapena kuthekera kuika zipatso m'nyengo pa achinyamata lashes. Kwa iwo amene akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe ichi kuti azikongoletsera, okonda kupeza mbewu yonyezimira mpaka m'dzinja, chaka chilichonse zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa zikuwonetsedwa.
Ampelic sitiroberi - kusamala ndi kulima
Chinthu chosiyana ndi chisamaliro cha kusamalira mitengo ya sitiroberi ampel ndi kuthekera kwa nthawi imodzi ya fruiting ya tchire pa masharubu. Ngati mumagula zosiyanasiyana zotsitsimutsa nyumba kapena wowonjezera kutentha komwe kumakula bwino, mudzadya zipatso zatsopano kwa nthawi yaitali mpaka nyengo yozizira isanayambe. Kusamalira ampel strawberries ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana. Amakulira pabedi, mothandizidwa ndi zowonongeka, monga maluwa.
Kulonjeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ampel strawberries:
- Kukonzanso,
- Finland,
- Mfumukazi Elizabeth II,
- Alba,
- Geneva,
- Kukoma kwa Moscow,
- Osatra,
- Elsanta.
Sitiroberi wozungulira - kusamalira ndi kulima
Pankhani ya sitiroberiyi, pali zongopeka komanso zongoganizira zokhudzana ndi kugulitsa kwa mafani a mafani a zosabala zipatso zosazindikirika. Chikhalidwe ichi mwa chikhalidwe chake sichitha kukwera pamwamba pa mphukira potsatira chithandizo monga ma hops kapena mphesa, kotero musakhulupirire ochita zoipa. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kusamalira strawberries pa bedi lolunjika. Kuti apange mapangidwe apamwamba, mitundu ya ampel yokhala ndi mamita 1.5 mamita amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pothandizidwa ndi mabulosiwa sakhudzidwa ndi zowola, pamtunda wa zipatso sizingatheke ku slugs, baka zimatenga malo pang'ono. Zimakhala zosavuta kuziyika mu mbiya kapena pulasitiki ya pulasitiki yodzazidwa ndi nthaka, ndi mabowo odulidwa mpaka 6 masentimita awiri kwa zomera. M'kati mwake, chubu chochepa chachitsulo chiyenera kuikidwa kuti chikhale ndi madzi. Kusamalira strawberries kuli bwino bwino dzuwa dzuwa pafupi ndi mpanda kapena khoma la nyumba, apa lidzakhala lokongola kwambiri malo.
Zosiyanasiyana za strawberries kuti zikhale zozungulira:
- Sakhalin,
- Herzberg,
- Ada,
- San Rival,
- Ostara,
- Eros,
- Nyenyezi ya Star 2002,
- Frapendula.
Samalani patch ya strawberries
Mosiyana ndi mitundu yomwe ili ndi chipatso chimodzi, chigamba cha sitiroberi chimatha kusangalatsa wakulima ndi zipatso nthawi ziwiri kapena kuposerapo pachaka. Izi zimatheka chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa mitunduyi kuika masamba a fruiting pa tsiku lalitali kapena losalowerera. Ngati kusamalira strawberries ndi kovuta, ndiye mitundu yambiri imabereka zokolola zoyambirira mu July (mpaka 40% ya zipatso zonse), ndipo yachiwiri (pamtunda) mu September-August.
Kusamalira strawberries patchwork kuli ndi mbali. Amakula mofulumira ndipo amafunikanso kubwezeretsa mbande nthawi zonse 2-3, ngakhale matalala akuluakulu amataya mwamsanga zokolola zawo zaka zambiri. Mbewu zatsopano zimakula kuchokera kumapiri a maluwa amchere, m'malo mwawo amatha kumapeto kwa nyengo nyengo isanafike chisanu. Muzamalonda, momwe mungasamalire bwino kuyang'anira strawberries kukonza sukulu, palibe mavuto aakulu. Pomwe mwasintha bwino pazomwe zimapititsa patsogolo zaka ziwiri zapitazo kulima, ndizotheka kulandira zipatso zochuluka kwambiri nyengo yonse yotentha.
Zosiyanasiyana za remontant strawberries:
- Mfumukazi Elizabeth II,
- Mayesero,
- Monterey,
- Daimondi,
- Kukoma kwa Moscow,
- San Andreas,
- Evie 2,
- Albion.
Kusamalira bwino strawberries
Chikhalidwe chodabwitsa ndi chamtengo wapatali chikhoza kukula pafupifupi dothi lililonse, kupatula pa mathithi ndi mchenga wouma. Mizu ya chitsamba ili pamtunda wozama kwambiri mpaka masentimita 20, madzi a pansi pamadzi oposa masentimita 70 angathe kuwawononga. Kuti mitundu yambiri ya zomera, monga Giantella strawberries, ikabala zipatso ndikubala zipatso zabwino, ndibwino kuti ikhalepo pa bedi lokha kapena pakati pa mizere yomwe ili m'munda wachinyamata.
Njira zobalera za strawberries:
- Kubereka kwa mbeu ndi njira yovuta yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi obereketsa. Oyenera sitiroberi wopanda strawberries, kulima ndi kusamalira zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zovuta. Mbewu zimapezeka kuchokera kudula peeled zipatso, zomwe zouma ndi nthaka.
- Kubalana kwa strawberries ndi chitsamba kugawidwa - kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene pali kusowa kwa kubzala zinthu. Zomera zazing'ono sizili zoyenera pa izi, mukhoza kudula mizu ya zaka 3-4.
- Nsabwe zoberekera ndi njira yosavuta komanso yowonjezera yokhala ndi strawberries, yomwe imakonda kwambiri kumunda wamaluwa. Ndibwino kuti mutenge mapepala oyambirira 2-3 kuti mugwire ntchito, ndi kuchotsa otsalira otsala. Samalani strawberries omwe amachokera muzitsulo, zophweka, koma amafunika kuonjezera chisamaliro kwa mbande mpaka kukonzekera kwathunthu m'munda.
Kusamalira masamba kwa strawberries
Ntchito pa mabedi iyenera kuyamba ndi kuyeretsa dothi lopanda udzu ndi tizirombo. Kuchotseratu kwathunthu dothi la masentimita angapo sizingatheke, motero timathetsa malowa pakati pa tchire mpaka masentimita 8. Ngati zili choncho, momwe mungasamalire strawberries m'chaka, nkofunika kuthetseratu nkhuku. Chotsani masamba owuma, ofiira kapena otsekedwa ndi masamba obisalawa a nkhungu zoipa.
Kusamalira kubzala strawberries
Maonekedwe a oyambirira maluwa amamasula wamaluwa, koma amafunika kuti apitirize kusamalira strawberries panthawi yake, kupanga zovuta zonse za kukula kwa mabulosi okoma kuti athe kukolola. Ndondomeko ya ntchito ikuphatikizapo kuthirira feteleza, kuthirira, kuchotsa mbali ya masamba, kumasula nthaka. Mitengo yambiri yokhala ndi secator kudula ndi kutengedwa kuchokera pa tsamba, njirayi imathandiza kusunga mphamvu zomwe zidzapita popanga zipatso.
Mukhoza kuthandiza mungu pa nthawi ya maluwa kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipatso. Pachifukwachi, supuni ya uchi wachilengedwe mu madzi okwanira 1 litre ndi kutsanulira njirayi pabedi, kukopa njuchi. Chochitikachi chimathandiza ndi mvula kawirikawiri, fogs, kutentha kwambiri kapena kuzizira. Njira yachiwiri ndiyo kupanga burashi yofewa pamaluwa pamasana kuti mutenge mungu kuchokera ku chitsamba kupita ku chimzake. Kusamalira strawberries pambuyo maluwa kumasula nthaka, kuthirira, kuchotsa namsongole ndi kukolola.
Kusamalira strawberries pambuyo fruiting
Oyamba ambiri, atasonkhanitsa zipatso zokoma, amaiwala za zomera. Sitingalekerere kukula kwa munda ndi namsongole, mbewu za zomera zovulaza zidzasintha, mungu wambiri komanso kasupe wotsatira masika. Alimi ena amagwiritsa ntchito masamba awo akale, koma njirayi yadzaza ndi ngozi. N'zotheka, kuphatikizapo mtundu wobiriwira, kutaya makutu a masamba ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimabweretsa nyengo yozizira komanso kuwonongeka kwa fruiting. Kusamalira strawberries m'dzikolo kumapangidwa bwino ndi pruner, mofatsa kudula matenda osayenera ndi mbale zakufa, popanda kuwononga impso.
Kusamalira strawberries mu autumn
Kupalira ndi kumasula mizere kumapitirira mpaka kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira. Kawirikawiri mbolayi imakhala yosabala, kuwonjezereka mkhalidwe wa tchire. Kusamalidwa kwa m'dzinja kwa strawberries kumakhala kumtunda kwa nthawi zonse regrowth ya zowonjezera mizu. Dothi lodyera limatsanulira pafupi ndi tchire, osati kugona pothandizira "mtima". Kudulira strawberries kumayamba mu August. Kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa mapepala a shearini samakhalidwe sangathe kuchotsedwa, mapepala a masamba oonongeka ndi oonongeka amachotsedwa.
M'madera ozizira, zomera zimatetezedwa ku chisanu. Ngati chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa chimafooka, ndipo kuzizira zimagwera kumadera otentha, ndiye mitundu yambiri imakhala yozizira. Mu chisamaliro chimathandiza malo ogona a sitiroberi kapena udzu wosanjikiza wa masentimita asanu kapena kuposa. Ndibwino kuti mutseke malo mumipata, muteteze mizu ndi zomera ku chimfine, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa zokolola za zipatso zokoma.
Kudyetsa kwa strawberries
Popanda nthaka yachonde, sitingathe kupeza sitiroberi yamtengo wapatali, kumapeto kwa nyengo, kuyamwitsa ndi feteleza kumathandiza kuti mbeu ikhale ndi mphamvu zowonongeka ndi kumangiriza zipatso zazikulu, ndipo m'dzinja feteleza zimakhala ndi zotsatira zogwirira ntchito za mbeu. Pali njira zingapo zowonjezeretsa zakudya m'nthawi ya kukula. Pansi pa chitsamba anatsanulira ku 0,5 malita 1 lita imodzi sitimadzipereka mu madzi feteleza.
Top kuvala kwa strawberries mu nyengo pambuyo chisanu kusungunuka:
- Yankho la 1 tbsp. ammonium sulfate ndi makapu awiri a Mullein pa chidebe cha madzi.
- Kupaka pamwamba ndi njira ya mullein mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10.
- Kupaka pamwamba ndi njira yothetsera manyowa muyeso 1:12.
Feteleza strawberries mutatha kukolola:
- Yankho la nitrosfos (supuni 2) ndi potaziyamu sulphate (tiyi imodzi) mu chidebe cha madzi.
- Sungunulani 100 g wa phulusa ku chidebe cha madzi.
- Yankho la potaziyamu nitrate (supuni 2) mu chidebe cha madzi.
Top-dressing ya strawberries kumapeto kwa autumn:
- Yankho la mullein ndi madzi (1:10) ndi kuwonjezera kwa theka la galasi la phulusa.
- Njira yowonjezera ya feteleza mchere. Chidebe cha madzi chimafuna nitroammophoska (2 malita), potaziyamu sulfate (30 g) ndi 1 galasi la phulusa.
Kuthirira kwa sitiroberi
Pofuna kuti mupeze zipatso zazing'ono ndi zouma, muyenera kumwa madzi zitsamba zamasamba. Strawberry imafuna kubzala ndi kudzikongoletsa panja pamalo amdima, koma samafuna kuyanika kwathunthu kwa nthaka. Dothi losasunthika ndiloyenera kupereka 12 malita pa 1 m 2 nthaka yochepetsera, mpaka 14 malita pa 1 m2 pa dongo la dongo. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda m'mawa. Pa mvula yambiri, kuthirira kwaimitsidwa, kutentha kumatulutsidwa mu sabata mpaka 3-4 nthawi.
Kodi kusamalira strawberries - kumuika
Ndi bwino kubweretsa ntchito izi kumapeto kwa chilimwe, nthawi yachisanu zomera zimatha kukhazikika bwino. M'madera osasinthasintha nyengo, zimakhala zovuta kusankha nthawi yabwino ya sitiroberi, kuika kasupe ndikusamalira tizilombo tating'ono timapanga m'madera otere atangotentha. Zimamera rootlets mutatha kuviika mumtambo, kudula mpaka masentimita 8. Mu mzere, mtunda wa masentimita 70 mpaka 80 ukhoza kusungidwa, pakati pa zomera mpaka masentimita 25. Ndi njira yokhazikika, 50x50 masentimita amatsata ndondomekoyi. Ndikoletsedwa kudzaza mtima wa sitiroberi mutabzala.