Mu Roma wakale, maluwa awa anakongoletsa minda yamaphunziro, lero akufuna kukulira iwo mochulukirapo. Nkhani yathu idzakuuzani za mitundu yomwe imatchedwa gladioli, kubzala ndi kusamalira pamalo osatseguka omwe palibe chovuta.
Kodi gladiolus imawoneka motani?
Gladiolus maluwa ndi osatha tuberous zomera za banja la iris. Mitengo yawo yayitali kwambiri-masamba obiriwira amawoneka ngati malupanga akuthwa, kotero iye ali nalo dzina lina - lupanga. Masambawa atakulungidwa pamtunda wozama, womwe umakhala ndi maluwa okongola a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mu inflorescence imodzi pangakhale 25 masamba, koma panthawi yomweyo 10-12 maluwa amawululidwa.
Pambuyo pa gladiolus, pamalo a masamba a zipatso mbewu zimapangidwa. Pansi pa nthaka, zomera zimakhala ndi corm. Chaka chilichonse amasinthidwa. Mababu a amayi amapereka zakudya zonse kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha mbewu. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, corms yatsopano imapangidwira ndikukula pamwamba pake, komwe kumapangidwe ana ang'onoang'ono a anyezi. Zidzakhala zikuluzikulu zobzala kubzala kwa gladiolus, kubzala bwino ndi kusamalira pamalo otseguka omwe adzabweretse zipatso zooneka.
Mitundu ya gladioli
Ngati mukufuna kugula gladioli, kubzala ndi kusamalira pamalo omasuka omwe ali osavuta, ndiye muyenera kusankha maluwa abwino. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 170 ya chomera chokongola ichi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gladiolus yomwe imagwirizanitsa m'magulu awiri:
- zokongoletsera , zomwe kutalika kwa inflorescence ndikofunikira, chiwerengero cha masamba, kukula, mtundu ndi ndondomeko za duwa;
- chuma - chidziwitso kwa iwo ndi kutalika kwa chomera, nthawi yake yamaluwa, kukhudzidwa kwa kayendedwe ka nyengo ndi nyengo, kubereka kwabwino.
Malinga ndi kukula kwa maluwa, gladioli onse agawanika:
- chithunzi;
- pang'ono;
- choyimira;
- lalikulu-flowered;
- chimphona.
Mphepete mwa pamakhala pa maluwa ndi yosalala ndi yovunda, yofiira ndi yojambulidwa. Mtundu wa gladiolus ukhoza kukhala wodabwitsa kwambiri. Nthawi zina izo zimaphatikizapo zosiyana zosiyana ndi kusintha kwazithunzi zamithunzi. Mtundu wa mtundu wa masamba ndi wosiyana, kuyambira pa mitundu yowala kwambiri mpaka mithunzi yofiira. Mitengo iyi ikhoza kukhala imodzi- ndiwiri, komanso zigzag. Zimatengera momwe maluwa amafotokozera mu inflorescence. Ndipo, malingana ndi kutalika kwa chomera, pali zochepa, zofooka, zowonjezera ndi zazikulu.
Pamene kufalikira gladioluses?
Florists amasiyanitsa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya gladioli, yomwe imakhala yosiyana maluwa:
- mmawa kwambiri;
- choyamba;
- pakatikati;
- chiwerengero;
- pakati-mochedwa;
- mochedwa;
- mochedwa kwambiri.
Mazira oyambirira aphulika pakati pa mwezi wa Julayi, zojambulazo-pakatikati pa mwezi wa August, ndi mochedwa-mu September. Komabe, maluwa okongola a gladioli amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nyengo ndi nyengo ya dera. Muzizizira kapenanso ngati simungakwanitse kuthirira, chitukuko chomera chikhoza kuchepa kapena kuima. Ngati mukufuna kuti zomera zomwe mumakonda ziphuke mwamsanga, pamwamba ndi kusamalira kunja ziyenera kukhala zokwanira nyengo ya dera.
Kubzala gladiolus
Kuti maluwa asangalatse maonekedwe awo, ayenera kudziwa momwe angamerekere gladioli. Choyamba, muyenera kusankha malo abwino oti akambirane. Iyenera kukhala malo otentha, okwera mpweya wabwino. Nthaka ya maluwa imeneyi iyenera kukhala chernozem, kuwala loam ndi mchenga loam. Chiwembucho chiyenera kuberekedwa mwa kuwonjezera feteleza nitrogen , mwachitsanzo, urea pamtunda wa 15 g pa 1 sq.m. Timakumba nthaka ku bayonet ndikuchotsa namsongole. Gladiolus, kukwera ndi kusamalira kumalo otseguka, omwe sangatengere nthawi yambiri, sangakulemetseni.
Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji gladioli kubzala m'chaka?
Musanayambe mababu gladioli ayeneradi kutsukidwa ku mamba. Choncho, n'zotheka kuwona zizindikiro za matenda pazomwe zimabzala ndikutsata ndondomeko yake yowonongeka. Kwa oyamba kumene zidzakhala zosangalatsa kudziwa momwe mungagwirire gladioli musanabzala. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a izi, koma ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa adyo. Kuphika, muyenera kupiritsa 300 magalamu a adyo mu chopukusira nyama ndikutsanulira 10 malita a madzi. Mababu ndi makanda amamizidwa mu njira yothetsera maola awiri. Pofuna kuteteza matenda ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera potassium permanganate .
Kodi kudzala gladioluses?
Nyengo yam'mlengalenga imakhala yosasunthika komanso yosasinthasintha. Choncho, ngati mukufuna kudziwa pamene mungamange gladioli panja, ndi bwino kumvetsera malangizo a akatswiri. Florists amalimbikitsa kuti aziyendera kutentha kwa nthaka mutabzala gladioli. Nthawi yoyenera kubzala nthawi idzafika pamene dothi lakuya 10-12 masentimita lidzafika mpaka 10 ° C.
Kodi mungamange bwanji gladiolus?
Kuti mudziwe kuti gladiolus ayenera kubzalidwa bwanji, munthu ayenera kumvera malangizo a anthu odziwa bwino ntchito. Kudzala gladiolus pa webusaitiyi kupanga bedi ndi mizere yozama mozama: masentimita 15 - mababu akuluakulu, 9 cm - kwa sing'anga, ngakhale zochepa - kwa ana. Pansi pa ngalande, mchenga wambiri umatsanuliridwa, zokolola zimayikidwa ndipo nthaka imadulidwa ndi masentimita 2-3 masentimita. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kubzala kwakukulu kwa corms kumabweretsa kuphulika kwa gladiolus. Ndipo ngati chilimwe chiri chozizira, ndiye kuti zokololazo zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri ku matenda a fungal ndi mabakiteriya.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji gladioli?
Kubzala gladioli ndi kuwasamalira ziyenera kukhala bwino kwambiri. Masamba akamakula, nthaka yozungulira zomera iyenera kuikidwa ndi humus mpaka 5 masentimita wandiweyani. Izi zidzateteza dothi kutenthedwa ndi kutaya madzi m'thupi. Zojambulazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi masamba, ngati n'koyenera, ziyenera kumangirizidwa ku zingwe, ndipo maluwa owuma ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse. Popeza namsongole amasokoneza kukula ndi maluwa a gladioli, zomera zimayenera kukhala udzu 3-4 nthawi yotentha. Maluwa okongola gladioli, kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera kumbuyo kwawo adzatembenuza munda wanu kukhala maluwa ophulika.
Kusamalira gladioli - kuthirira
Kukula bwino kwa gladiolus sikungatheke popanda kuthirira nthawi zonse kamodzi pa sabata. Pa masiku otentha kwambiri, izi ziyenera kuchitika tsiku ndi tsiku. Nthawi yabwino yothirira zomera ndi mmawa kapena madzulo. Kuthirira kumakhala kwakukulu - 1 chidebe cha madzi pa 1 sq. Km. M. Pokhapokha ngati madzi akuyenda, nthaka idzakhala yosakanikirana ndi zofunikira 30-40 masentimita. Madzi abwino mu mzere wozungulira, kuyesera kuti asamwe madzi pa masamba a zomera. Pambuyo pake, nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa. Ngati mukufuna kupewa kupalira mobwerezabwereza ndi kumasula, yambani nthaka pansi pa zomera ndi kompositi kapena humus.
Kupaka pamwamba kwa gladiolus
Kukula gladioli pamalo otseguka ayenera kutsagana ndi kudyetsa kwawo. Pa nthawi yonse ya zomera gladioli akhoza kudyetsedwa kasanu:
- Kumayambiriro kwa kukula, maluwa amafunika nayitrogeni. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwake, masamba amatha kutuluka, ndipo maluwawo ndi ofooka. Chomera feteleza choyamba ndi urea chiyenera kuchitika mu magawo 2-3 mapepala. Kusintha feteleza uyu kungakhale kulowetsedwa kwa mullein, manyowa a nkhuku kapena feteleza wobiriwira.
- Manyowa achiwiri ndi feteleza a nitrogen-potaziyamu amapezeka mu tsamba la masamba 3-4.
- Kwachitatu kudya pa 5-6 masamba, potaziyamu sulphate ntchito, amene amathandiza metabolism, kumawonjezera kukana matenda ndi ozizira kukana zomera.
- Kwa nthawi yachinayi, gladioli amadyetsedwa mu nthawi ya kukula kwa peduncle, pogwiritsa ntchito nitrophosphate, kemira, nitroamophoska. Kuti maluwa a gladiolus akhale aakulu, n'zotheka kuthirira nthaka pansi pa chomera ndi yankho la boric acid.
- Chachisanu , chovala chomaliza chomaliza, chimachitika pambuyo pa maluwa. Amagwiritsa ntchito superphosphate, potaziyamu sulphate. Mu September, mukhoza kuthirira gladioli ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate. Zidzakhala potaziyamu feteleza, ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Matenda a gladioli
Maluwa okongola amenewa, monga zomera zina, amatha kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana. Pali matenda monga gladioli monga:
- bowa - owopsa kwambiri pakati pawo ndi fusariosis, wakuda wakuda ndi imvi zowola. Mitengo yomwe imakhudzidwa imakula bwino, masamba ake amawombedwa, kutembenukira chikasu ndi kuuma. Pa anyezi, mabala ofiira a bulauni amapangidwa;
- Bakiteriya ndi scallop ya gladioli. Ndizo, nsonga za masamba zimafota. Ndiyeno iwo amauma. Tsinde pazowola ndi kuswa. Korms ali ndi mawanga wakuda ndi ofiira;
- mavaira - nkhaka, nyemba, nyemba, phwetekere. Mavairasi awa, akudutsa kuchokera ku zomera zofanana, akudabwa ndi gladioli, kuwateteza kuti asamakula ndi kukula.
Tizilombo ta gladioli
Mofanana ndi zomera zina, gladiolus m'munda akhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana:
- thrips - yaikulu tizilombo ta maluwa, kuyamwa madzi kuchokera kumayambira ndi masamba a chomera. Njira zowononga zimaphatikizapo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Phytoverm, decis, kukolola kwa mababu, kusungira iwo kutentha osadutsa + 8 ° С;
- wa waya amagwira pansi pansi pa gladiolus ndipo amanyamula mabakiteriya ndi matenda a tizilombo. Polimbana ndi izi, nyambo zochokera kumzu wa mbewu, nyengo yozizira imamasula nthaka ndipo nthawi zonse amagwiritsa ntchito namsongole;
- Nsabwe za m'masamba - chimodzi mwa tizilombo tomwe timadya timadzi timene timadyetsa. Kuwononga nsabwe za m'masamba, zomera zimachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala ochiritsira;
- munda wamtunduwu umapangitsanso kuwononga kwambiri gladioli, kuwononga masamba osadziwika ndi maluwa a zomera. Potsutsana ndi zovuta, zomera zimatha kuchiritsidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa adyo komanso sopo.