Gladioli - kukula

Maluwa okongola awa anabwera kuchokera ku Africa ndi ku Mediterranean. Tsopano pali mitundu 5,000 ndipo chaka chilichonse pali zambiri. Kuchokera ku babu ya gladiolus, masamba ochepa kwambiri a bluish hue amakula, ofanana ndi tsamba ndipo amatha kufika 70-150 masentimita m'litali. Maluwa ake opangidwa ndi mphuno omwe ali ndi magawo sikisi osagwirizana amasonkhanitsidwa kuti akhale oplorescence, omwe angakhale amodzi, awiri kapena amodzi. Maluwa amatha pambuyo pa masiku khumi ndi awiri ndipo m'malo mwake chipatso chimabala (bokosi limodzi ndi mbewu). Malinga ndi nthawi yomwe maluwa amamera mutabzala, amagawanika:

• oyambirira kwambiri - patatha masiku 65-70;
• masiku oyambirira - 71-74;
• pakati pa nthawi - masiku 75-79;
• pafupifupi - masiku 80-84;
• ochedwa mochedwa - masiku 85-90;
• mtsogolo - masiku 91-95;
• mochedwa kwambiri - masiku 100-140.

Gladiolus: kukula ndi kudzikongoletsa

Pofuna kulima gladiolus m'munda mukufunikira: malo abwino, kuthirira, kumasula nthaka ndi kuvomereza kuchotsa namsongole ndikudyetsa nthawi zonse.

Gladiolus photophilous ndi heat-loving plants, kotero ndibwino kuti muwabande pa chigawo cha dzuwa chopanda mphepo ndi madzi osungunuka, kuwala, kupuma ndi nthaka yachonde.

Gladiolus imafuna madzi okwanira ambiri, kamodzi pa sabata (4-5 zidebe pa 1m2), makamaka pa nyengo yokula, koma popanda chinyezi.

Kuyambira nthawi yomwe mapepala oyambirira akuonekera komanso mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, mchere wamchere umayambitsidwa mlungu uliwonse kapena sabata mlingo wazing'ono, chifukwa kutalika ndi ubwino wa maluwa kumadalira kudyetsa ndi kukana kwa gladiolus ku matenda. Ngati simukudziwa momwe mungadyetse gladioli, ndiye kuti mungathe kupeza yankho la ammonium nitrate, superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulphate (40g: 40g: 30g) ndi kuchepetsa mu ndowa.

Gladiolus anabzala m'minda, simungathe kuchoka m'nyengo yozizira. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October, mababu ayenera kukolola nyengo yozizira, ndipo kumapeto kwa April - ayenera kubzalidwa poyera, nthawi zonse pamalo atsopano.

Kodi mungamange bwanji gladioli?

Maluwa amenewa amafesa mosavuta m'munda. Koma muyenera kudziwa momwe mungayankhire bwino komanso kuti mumve bwanji. Tiyenera kuchita izi molingana ndi ndondomeko zotsatirazi:

1. Mwezi umodzi musanadzalemo, tenga mababuwo, muwadule ndi kuwaika mabokosi, omwe ayenera kuikidwa pamalo ouma, dzuwa ndi ofunda.
2. Konzani dothi: onjezerani ngalande, kukumba mu kugwa, kudyetsa feteleza zakuda m'chaka (onjezerani phosphorous).
3. Kufika kumalimbikitsidwa kuti ichitike kumapeto kwa April kapena pakati pa May mu nthaka yotenthedwa kufika 10 ° C. Musanadzalemo corms ndi ana, soak koyamba kwa maola 1 -2 mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate kapena mkuwa sulphate pofuna kupewa matenda a fungal. Ndiye amaima usiku umodzi mu kulowetsedwa kwa nkhuni phulusa.
4. Konzani pulasitiki ndi masentimita 20. Kuzama kwa kubzala kumadalira kukula kwa babu wokha ndipo ayenera pafupifupi pafupifupi atatu kapena kanayi kukula kwake. Mababu amaikidwa pansi pa pulasitiki pamtunda wa 15-20 masentimita. Pa nthawi yoyendetsa pansi, grooves ndi zitsime ziyenera kuthiriridwa.
5. Fukuta nthaka ndi wosanjikiza wa 2-5 masentimita.
6. 3-4 patapita masiku 3-4 maonekedwe akuphuka, pamene akukula, amawaza ndi nthaka, mpaka dziko lonse lilingane.

Gladiolus: matenda ndi tizirombo

Gladiolus amapezeka ndi matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo. Matenda omwe amapezeka kwa iye ndi fusariosis, imvi, yowuma ndi yoola, nkhanambo. Kulimbana nawo kumathandiza:

• kuchokera ku matenda a fungal - kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi njira yothetsera kumwa kapena calcined koloko;
• Kuchokera kumagulu a causative a fusariosis ndi kuvunda - kubzala pakati pa mizere ya adyo, marigold, nasturtium, calendula, ndi mababu a zomera zowonongeka ziyenera kutayidwa;
• Kuchokera ku thrips ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, zimalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito karate ndi chakudya chamadzulo (1-2 ml / 10 malita a madzi);
• kuchokera kumtundu - kupopera ndi mankhwala a decis, fufanon kapena carbofos;
• Kuchokera ku slugs - kumangirira ndi kukonkha njira ndi superphosphate, phulusa, fumbi fodya.

Malingana ndi momwe mudzasamalire gladioli yanu, mudzalandira maluwa oterewa.