Kukongoletsa kwenikweni kwa munda kumadzulo ndi gladioli. Maluwa okongola awa amadabwa ndi kukongola kwawo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma kuti awasangalatse m'dzinja muyenera kudziwa momwe mungamere bwino gladioli m'chaka. Ngakhale kuti maluwa amenewa amatha kukhala osatha, koma popeza sumalepheretsa kutentha, nthaka yake imakumba ndikusungiramo m'nyumba m'nyengo yozizira isanafike kutentha.
M'nkhani ino, tiona zofunikira za kubzala ndi kusamalira gladioli m'chaka.
Kodi kudzala gladioli m'chaka?
Nthaŵi yabwino kwambiri yobzala gladiolus ndi May, pamene dziko lapansi liphulika mpaka 10 ° C, koma ngati pali malo osungirako kuphulika kwachisanu, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuwakhazikitsa mu April. Mitengo yoyambirira, yomwe idabzalidwa mu June, idzaphuka kale mu August-September. Mankhwala aang'ono ndi ana amafesedwa molawirira kuti athe kukula.
Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji gladioli kubzala?
Mwezi umodzi usanayambe, mababu a gladiolus amachotsedwa pamtsinje ndipo amatsuka mosamala ku mamba kuti asawononge mphukira. Pankhaniyi, akuonongeka kwambiri ndi odwala akutsutsidwa. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kumadulidwa ndi owopsa opatsirana pogwiritsidwa ntchito mowa ndi mpeni, ndiyeno malowa akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafuta kapena owazidwa ndi makala odulidwa. Kenaka amawaika m'mabokosi kapena pawindo, komwe angapite kukakwera pamalo ozizira ndi ofunda, koma mizu siidzakhalapo.
Musanabzala corms gladiolus anagwedeza theka la tsiku mu njira yothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ayeneranso kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuti athetse matenda ndi tizirombo:
- Kuchokera ku thrips ndi whiteflies pakati pa theka la ora mu njira ya decis kapena fufanon;
- kuchokera bowa ndi mabakiteriya zilowerere kwa 20-30 mphindi 0.2-0.3% kuyimitsidwa baseazene (M topsin) kapena 0.7% njira ya potaziyamu permanganate.
Kodi mungamange bwanji gladioli m'chaka?
Nkofunika pobzala gladioli ndi malo abwino. Ziyenera kuyatsa bwino, mlingo, kapena kutsetsereka pang'ono kumwera, dzikolo liyenera kukhala lotayirira. Maluwa sakonda mphepo, madzi ndi mthunzi. Mthunzi pa maluwa m'mawa am'mawa umatha kuchepa maluwa kwa masabata awiri, ndipo madzulo - kwa 3. Kuphulika kwa mphepo kungathetse phokoso.
Zabwino ndi: chernozem, loamy yowala kapena dothi la loamy. Pa dongo ndi malo olemera zidzakhala zofunikira kuchepetsa kuya kwa kubzala. Malo a gladioli ayenera kusinthidwa chaka chilichonse, kubwerera kumalo amodzi osati kale kuposa zaka 4.
Malowa akukumba kugwa kwa kuya kwa masentimita 40 ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza (humus, mpaka 50 g / m² superphosphate ndi 20-30 g / m² potaziyamu sulphate). M'chaka amachichita kachiwiri ndikuyendetsa ndi rake.
Gladiolus anabzala pa mabedi omwe amatsogoleredwa kuchokera kummwera mpaka kumpoto pa mtunda wa masentimita 15-20 pakati pa zomera ndi masentimita 30 pakati pa mizere. Zachizolowezi kuya kusindikizidwa lalikulu tubers - 8-12 masentimita, katundu - 6-10 masentimita, ndi kuwala dothi - mpaka 15 masentimita.
Kuwala bwino kumapeto kwa July - kumayambiriro kwa August kumalola maluwa patsiku kukula 3-12 masentimita.
Kusamalira kwina kulima kukula ndi motere:
- kumwa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse, komanso mapangidwe a maluwa ndi maluwa - kupititsa patsogolo (10-15 malita a madzi pa 1 mamita);
- kumasulidwa kwa nthaka ndi kukwera kwa zomera;
- feteleza ndi nayitrogeni feteleza (20-30 g pa 1 mamita 2) mwezi mutabzala, ndi feteleza chachiwiri (pambuyo pa milungu 3-4) kuwonjezera 25 g wa superphosphate ndi 10 magalamu. potaziyamu sulfate. Nthawi yachitatu manyowa ndi mapangidwe a masamba;
- Musanayambe feteleza feteleza musanafike ndi pambuyo pake;
- Kuweta ndi kusakaniza nthaka kumatulutsa chinyezi m'nthaka ndikuchedwa kukula kwa namsongole.
- Mtumiki wothandizidwa watambasula mizere. Izi zikhoza kusinthidwa ndi kukwera phiri mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 10.
- mutatha kudula maluwa m'pofunika kuchoka 4 masamba enieni kuti chilengedwe chikhale chonchi.
- kuchotseratu nthawi ya zomera zodwala.
Podziwa zovuta zonse zobzala gladioli ndikuzisamalira m'chaka, mudzatha kukula pamunda wanu kukonza maluŵa okongola ndi okongola a mithunzi zosiyanasiyana.