Matenda otere a intrauterine, omwe alipo kuphwanya kupatulidwa kwa mapasa ofanana, si wamba. Chifukwa cha ichi, kubadwa kwa ana amenewa ndi nkhani ya mayendedwe a boma. Taganizirani zodabwitsazi, kutchula zifukwa zake, fufuzani chifukwa chake mapasa a Siamese amabadwa.
Nchifukwa chiyani "mapasa a Siamese" akutchedwa?
Mawu akuti "mapasa a Siam" amavomereza matenda a chitukuko, momwe ma fetus awiri, pamene ali m'mimba mwa mayi, sagawidwa mu zamoyo ziwiri zosiyana, kukula pamodzi ndi ziwalo za thupi. Ana obadwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ziwalo zofala, zomwe zimapereka chidindo china pa ntchito yawo. Pafupipafupi nthawi zonse ana otere amakumana ndi mavuto pakati pa anthu, omwe amakhudza ntchito ya dongosolo la manjenje.
Kulankhula za chifukwa chake chitukukochi chimatchedwa "mapasa a Siamese", madokotala amati dzinali ndilo chifukwa cha mapasa oyambirira omwe amadziwika kuti Eng ndi Chang omwe anabadwira ku Siam (Thailand yamakono). Anapulumuka imfa kuyambira ali wakhanda kudzera mwa amayi awo. Mwa dongosolo la mfumu, iwo ankayenera kuphedwa, chifukwa iwo anali ndi "chisindikizo cha mdierekezi." Abale anali ndi thupi losakanizika m'chiuno. Poyenda kuzungulira dziko lapansi, adadziwonetsera kwa anthu onse, kupeza mbiri yowonjezereka.
Nchifukwa chiyani maamba a Siamese abadwa?
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pamtima mwa matendawa ndiko kuphwanya kusuntha kwa maselo pa chigawo cha embryonic chitukuko. Mwa iwo okha, mapasa a Siamu ndi monohyzotes - anapangidwa kuchokera ku zygote imodzi. Pachifukwa ichi, mndandanda wa majini mwa iwo ndi ofanana komanso kuti ana awo ndi ofanana. Mafupa amayamba pamene kupatulidwa sikuchitika mpaka masiku 13 ndipo mazira amapitirirabe kukula. Chotsatira chake, mapasa a Siameni amawoneka, chifukwa cha matendawa sichidziwikiratu. Madokotala amatchula magulu angapo a zinthu. Zina mwa izo ndi:
- Zachibadwa - zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuphwanya mu kapangidwe ka majini, zomwe zimayambitsa kuswa kwa ndondomeko ya fission;
- zovuta zachilengedwe;
- zowopsa - kukhudzana ndi zinthu zoopsa, ntchito ya makolo mu zoopsa (mankhwala, nyukiliya).
Moyo wa mapasa a Siamese
Anabadwa ndi kuphwanya kotero, ana amavuta kusintha mogwirizana ndi zikhalidwe za anthu. Chifukwa fusion imapezeka mumtunda, m'chiuno, ana amakhala ndi chiwalo chimodzi (chiwindi, matumbo). Izi zimapangitsa moyo kukhala wovuta. Pamene ana akukula, katundu amakula, ziwalo sizikhoza kupirira, pali kuphwanya komwe sikugwirizana ndi moyo:
- impso kulephera ;
- chidziwitso chodziletsa;
- kuphwanya kupuma.
Chifukwa cha zochitika zoterezi kuti pakapita nthawi, ndi kuthekera kolekanitsa mapasa a Siamese, madokotala amachita opaleshoniyi. Kufufuza kovuta kumaphatikizapo, kuphatikizapo zipangizo zamakono ndi ma laboratory. Malingana ndi deta yomwe imapezeka, njira zothandizira opaleshoni zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa cha mapasa a Siamese omwe amalekanitsidwa, matendawa amachotsedwa.
Kupatukana kwa mapasa a Siamese
Opaleshoniyi imapatsidwa kuganizira zochitika za munthu payekha, kuyerekezera kwa ziwalo za mkati ndi kusintha. Maphunzirowa akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gulu la opaleshoni. Pa opaleshoni imodzi, magulu angapo a akatswiri angasinthe patebulo. Chirichonse chimadalira pachindunji cha kupaleshoni. Osiyana ndi mapasa a Siamese kwa nthawi yayitali akuyang'aniridwa, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi chitukuko cha mayankho ogwirizanitsa ndi ziwalo kwa kusintha. Mapasa omwewo ali pansi pa kuyang'anitsitsa kwa madokotala, nthawi zonse akuphunzira maphunziro.
Ntchito yolekanitsa mapasa a Siamese
Ntchito yoyamba yopatutsa mapasa a Siamese inachitika m'zaka za zana la 17 (1689) ndi Kening. Kupewera uku kunali kuyesa koyambirira, zomwe sizinapambane. Pa nthawi yonseyi, madokotala ankachita pafupifupi 300 ntchito. Pankhaniyi, chifukwa cha "ntchito yabwino", pamene pakufunikira kupatulira ziwalo za ubongo, pansi pa msana, madokotala anayamba kulandiridwa posachedwapa.
Masamba a Siamese atatha kupatukana
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti ntchitoyo nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa mavuto ndi makhalidwe abwino. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti chiwalo chimodzi chofunikira chimakhala chachilendo kwa mapasa onse awiri. Kuchita opaleshoni, kuwalekanitsa, kumapangitsa imfa ya mmodzi wa abale kapena alongo. Izi zimakhala zolepheretsa kukhazikitsidwa kwachinyengo.
Pofotokoza chifukwa chake mapasa a Siamese amafa kanthawi kochepa, madokotala amanena kuti n'zosatheka kufotokozera bwinobwino zotsatira zake. Nthawi zambiri matupi sangathe kupirira, pali kulephera. Chikhalidwechi chimaphatikizapo kuwonongeka pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kwa ubwino, kupita patsogolo mofulumira. Nthawi zina odwala amakakamizika kuti azichita zinthu mosalekeza, kupitirizabe kukhala ndi ndalama zamagetsi.
Amapasa a Siamese otchuka kwambiri
Matendawa ndi osowa. Chifukwa cha ichi, kubadwa kwa mapasa amenewo ndi nkhani, yomwe imapeza boma, ndipo nthawi zina padziko lonse lapansi. Mapasa a Siamese aulemerero, omwe zithunzi zawo ziri pansipa, akhalapo nthawi zonse m'mbiri. Zina mwa izo:
- Rose ndi Joseph Blazek. Iwo anabadwa mu 1878. Iwo adadzitchuka chifukwa cha kusewera kwa zida zoimbira (violin ndi zeze). Iwo anafa mu 1922, iwo sanalekanitsidwe.
- Gita ndi Zita Rezakhanov. Iwo anabadwira ku Kyrgyzstan. Mu 2003 panali opaleshoni yowasiyanitsa. Mu 2015, Zita anamwalira chifukwa cha ziwalo zambiri zolephera.
- Veronica ndi Kristina Kaygorodtsevy. Poyamba kuchokera ku Khakassia. Iwo ankasakanizidwa ndi dera lamapiri. Ntchito yopatukana inatha pomwalira ndi Veronica.
- Daria ndi Maria Krivoshlyapovs. Pa kubadwa kunali thupi lofanana, miyendo itatu. Atsikanawo adatengedwa kuchokera kwa makolo awo kukafufuza ku USSR Academy of Sciences. Mu 2003, alongowa anaphedwa, adadwala chidakwa. Ntchito yolekanitsa sinayambe.