Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo mutu wa katemera wa ana sunafotokozedwe. Makolo onse ankadziwa motsimikiza kuti katemera ndi ofunikira kuti ana azikhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso kuti azikhala bwino. Mpaka lero, zinthu zasintha kwambiri. Panali gulu lonse la omuthandiza kukana katemera. Makolo ambiri amakana kuchita ana awo nthawi zonse katemera, pofotokoza izi ndizochuluka kwambiri za mavuto pambuyo pa katemera. Nanga mwanayo ayenera katemera? Pano ndi limodzi mwa mafunso omwe amapezeka kwambiri mwa amayi ndi abambo aang'ono omwe akukumana ndi vuto ili. Tiyeni tiyesere kumvetsa funso ili.
Kodi katemera wa ana ndi otani? Zikudziwika kuti pasanakhale matenda ambiri omwe adakhudza ana ndi akulu. Mliri uliwonse wodziwika wa mliri, nthomba, kolera, anawononga mizinda yonse. Anthu m'mbiri yawo yonse akhala akufunafuna njira zothetsera matendawa. Mwamwayi, tsopano matenda awa owopsa samachitika.
Masiku ano, mankhwala adapeza njira yothetsera matenda a diphtheria ndi poliomyelitis. Matendawa amatha kupezeka pambuyo poyambitsa katemera oyenera wa ana. Mwamwayi, zaka khumi zapitazi, matenda a matendawa adayambiranso. Madokotala amagwirizanitsa izi ndi kusamuka kwa magulu akuluakulu a anthu, kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90. Chifukwa china chovomerezeka ndi chakuti ana ambiri samatemera katemera chifukwa cha zosiyana siyana.
Kodi ana amapanga katemera wotani?
Pali kalendala ya katemera, monga momwe katemera umayendera. Inoculations ku matenda osiyanasiyana amapangidwa kokha pa msinkhu winawake. Zokonzedweratu, katemera wonse wa ana angagawidwe m'magulu atatu malinga ndi msinkhu wa mwana amene amamuperekera: kutengeka kwa ana, kubereka kwa ana osapitirira chaka chimodzi, katemera katatha chaka:
1. Katemera kwa ana obadwa. Katemera woyamwitsa ana omwe amamwalira amapezeka ndi katemera wa BCG ndi katemera wa hepatitis B. Katemerawa amaperekedwa kwa ana m'maola oyambirira a moyo.
2. Katemera kwa ana mpaka chaka. Panthawiyi, mwanayo amalandira katemera ochulukirapo m'moyo wake. Pa miyezi itatu, ana amatemera katemera wa poliomyelitis ndi DTP. Kuwonjezera apo kalendala ya inoculations mpaka chaka imapangidwa mwezi uliwonse. Ana amapezeka katemera wa nkhuku, shuga, matumbo, matenda a haemophilus komanso mobwerezabwereza kuchokera ku chiwindi cha hepatitis B. Pafupifupi ana onse omwe amatemera katemera amafunika kubwezeretsedwa pakapita kanthawi kuti atenge kachilombo ka mwana.
Katemera wa Kaledar kwa ana osapitirira chaka chimodzi
| Matenda / M'badwo | Tsiku limodzi | Masiku 3-7 | Mwezi umodzi | Miyezi itatu | Miyezi 4 | Miyezi 5 | Miyezi 6 | Miyezi 12 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hepatitis B | Mlingo woyamba | 2 mlingo | Mlingo wachitatu | |||||
| Chifuwa (BCG) | Mlingo woyamba | |||||||
| Diphtheria, chifuwa chofumbatira, tetanasi (DTP) | Mlingo woyamba | 2 mlingo | Mlingo wachitatu | |||||
| Poliomyelitis (OPV) | Mlingo woyamba | 2 mlingo | Mlingo wachitatu | |||||
| Matenda a Hemophilus (Hib) | Mlingo woyamba | 2 mlingo | Mlingo wachitatu | |||||
| Zakudya, rubella, parotitis (CCP) | Mlingo woyamba |
3. Chaka chimodzi mwana amapatsidwa kachilombo kachinayi motsutsana ndi matenda a chiwindi (B). Pambuyo pake, katemera wotsutsana ndi nthomba ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa matenda ena ayenera kutsatiridwa. Malinga ndi ndondomeko ya katemera kwa ana, DTP kubwezeretsedwa ndi kubwezeretsedwa polimbana ndi poliomyelitis kumachitidwa ali ndi zaka 18.
Kaledar ana katemera katatha chaka chimodzi
| Matenda / M'badwo | Miyezi 18 | Zaka 6 | Zaka 7 | Zaka 14 | Zaka 15 | Ali ndi zaka 18 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chifuwa (BCG) | revaccin. | revaccin. | ||||
| Diphtheria, chifuwa chofumbatira, tetanasi (DTP) | 1st revaccin. | |||||
| Diphtheria, tetanasi (ADP) | revaccin. | revaccin. | ||||
| Diphtheria, tetanasi (ADS-M) | revaccin. | |||||
| Poliomyelitis (OPV) | 1st revaccin. | 2 revaccin. | 3 revaccin. | |||
| Matenda a Hemophilus (Hib) | 1st revaccin. | |||||
| Zakudya, rubella, parotitis (CCP) | 2 mlingo | |||||
| Mliri wamagazi | Anyamata okha | |||||
| Rubella | 2 mlingo | Atsikana okha |
Tsoka ilo, iliyonse ya katemera yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakali pano ili ndi zotsatirapo ndipo ingayambitse mavuto. Thupi la mwanayo limayambira pa inoculation iliyonse. Zimenezo ndizofala komanso zamderalo. Njira yowonongeka ndi malo otsekemera kapena malo ofiira pa malo otsogolera katemera. Zomwe zimachitikira zimaphatikizapo ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha, kumutu, malaise. Mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri a reactogenic ndi DTP. Pambuyo pake, pali kuphwanya njala, kugona, malungo.
Ana ochuluka kwambiri atatha katemera amakhala ndi mavuto monga vuto loipa, kutupa, kuthamanga, ndi matenda osokoneza bongo.
Chifukwa cha zotsatira zovuta zokhudzana ndi katemera wa ana, n'zosadabwitsa kuti makolo ambiri amakana. Komabe, kuti mupeze yankho la funso lakuti "Kodi katemera amafunika kwa ana?", Mayi aliyense ayenera kukhala yekha. Amayi ndi abambo omwe amakana katemera amafunika kudziwa kuti amatenga udindo wawo wathanzi la mwana wawo.
Ngati muli ovomerezeka a katemera, kumbukirani kuti musanayambe katemera, muyenera kupeza uphungu kwa ana. Mwana wanu ayenera kukhala wathanzi, mwinamwake chiopsezo cha zotsatira zowopsa pambuyo pa katemera. Mukhoza katemera mwana kuchipatala chilichonse cha chigawo. Onetsetsani kuti mufunse kuti katemera wagwiritsidwa ntchito polyclinic. Musadalire mankhwala osadziwika! Ndipo ngati katemera wanu ali ndi vuto lina lililonse, nthawi yomweyo funsani dokotala.