Ambiri omwe amayamba wamaluwa akudabwa: nthawi yomwe amalowetsa raspberries, chifukwa zokolola za tchire nthawi zambiri zimadalira pa kuziika. Kubwezeretsa raspberries ndi njira yopatsira mbeu kumatha kuwonjezera fruiting yake, kupeza zipatso zazikulu ndi bwino kusintha makhalidwe.
Rasipiberi Kusindikiza Malingaliro
Ngati zitsamba za rasipiberi zikumera pamalo amodzi kwa zaka zoposa 5-7, zokolola zinawoneka ngati zatsika, ndipo zipatso zimaphwanyidwa - ndi nthawi yopanga. Kukula kwa chitsamba, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwachinyamata, ndiye kofunika kwambiri kuti musaphonye nthawi yomwe mukufunika kuyambitsanso rasipiberi. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri, pamene mungathe kubzala mbewu zakuda, ambiri amaluwa amadziwa kuti nthawi yoyambilira yophukira, mphukira yayamba kale, mphutsi za mbande zimakhala ndi nthawi yokhala bwino mu nthaka ndikukonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Palinso gulu lina la wamaluwa omwe amasankha masika, akukhulupirira kuti sadzavutika ndi chimfine chachisanu, ndipo nthawi zofunikira kwambiri zachinyamata zidzakwera nyengo yabwino. Nthaŵi zambiri, mabulosi omwe amasonkhanitsidwa ku tchire omwe anabzala mu nthawi zosiyana siyana amasiyana pang'ono ndi kukula kwake.
Kusindikiza raspberries m'chilimwe kumalo atsopano
Mukhoza kusintha raspberries m'chilimwe, pamene izi ndi zofunika. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi musasankhe nthawi yotentha: m'mawa kapena madzulo, nthawi zonse malo ochepa kwambiri (muyenera kuteteza tchire kuchokera ku dzuwa) mwachonde, musanayambe umuna (mothandizidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa udzu). Malo abwino kwambiri adzakhala malo apamwamba kapena okwezeka, ndi kuwala kapena sing'anga loamy nthaka, bwino. Pa nthaka ya mchenga rasipiberi idzakula pokhapokha mutakhala ndi madzi okwanira nthawi zonse.
Kuwombera raspberries m'dzinja kumalo atsopano
Kusankha nthawi yabwino pamene musintha raspberries - yophukira, mutha kukhala ndi mavuto ochepa kwambiri ndi chodzala, panthawiyi ili ndi mizu yambiri, yofesa bwino. M'dzinja rasipiberi kukulitsa, pali ubwino wokonzekera bwino malowa ndi nyengo yabwino. Malo a zomera zatsopano ndi bwino kusankha imodzi yomwe idakula dzungu, tomato, kabichi, nkhaka, kaloti, masamba. Pali zinthu zamtengo wapatali ndi zinsinsi, ndi rasipiberi kukulitsa mu kugwa:
- Konzani malo a rasipiberi ayenera kukhalapo pasadakhale, zaka 2-3 musanadzalemo (kupanga feteleza, zomera zamasamba, zukini kapena masamba ena);
- muzitsulo zomwe zinakonzedwa kale (masiku 15-20 musanadzale) kuwonjezera manyowa, kompositi ndi utuchi, superphosphate kapena biohumus, kuwaza chirichonse ndi chisakanizo cha dziko ndi phulusa;
- Pewani nyemba mu nthaka yokonzedwa bwino, kufalitsa mizu, kuwaza dothi, kusakaniza nthaka, kutsanulira;
- Dulani zidutswazo pamtunda wa 25-40 masentimita kuchokera kumunsi;
- pakati pa zomera zimasiya mtunda wa masentimita 50, udzu wobzalidwa womangidwa ku zingwe zothandizira;
- Kubzala mbande kumabala pasanathe mochedwa kumapeto kwa August - kumayambiriro kwa September, kenako zidutswa zingathe kuvutika ndi chisanu.
Rasipiberi Kusakaniza
Pambuyo podziwa mfundo zowonjezera, muyenera kudziwiranso ndi malamulo a ndondomekoyi. Ndi bwino kumuika raspberries m'madera ena, musayese kukopera zonse za rasipiberi nthawi imodzi, kotero kuti musayambe kukolola. Kuwaza masamba a rasipiberi ndi motere:
- Ziphuphu zamphamvu, zathanzi zimasankhidwa, ndi mizu yotukuka bwino, pafupifupi mamita awiri;
- Amadulidwa pamtunda wa 60-80 masentimita kuchokera muzu;
- asanamasulidwe, amamasulidwa namsongole, umuna ndi nthaka yothira, ali ndi maenje okonzedwa kapena anakumba makoko, zomera zimabzalidwa ndi kuziikidwa;
- Tchire tayi ndi kutsanulira.
Nthawi zingati m'malo mwa raspberries?
Nthaŵi ndi nthawi, raspberries amafunika kubzala, chifukwa, kumera pamalo amodzi, tchire imayamwa zinthu zothandiza m'nthaka, zimayipitsa, ndipo patapita nthawi, kuchuluka kwa zokolola, kukula kwa zipatso kumachepa kwambiri. Ngati rasipiberi ikutsatiridwa ndi nthawi zonse, kusamalidwa nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti kumuika kungathe kuchitika m'chaka cha chisanu ndi chimodzi mpaka chaka chachisanu ndi chiwiri. Poganizira za nthawi yeniyeni yomwe mumalowetsa raspberries, perekani nthawi yabwino kwambiri kwa inu - nkhaniyi siiyi yofunikira, komanso nthawi yowonjezera - yovuta kwambiri.
Kusindikiza maluwa raspberries
Rasipiberi imayamba kuphulika pakati pa June, panthawiyi imafunika kudyetsedwa bwino ndipo siidayikidwa. Panthawiyi, amawombera alibe nthawi yoti azipsa, komanso kupatulapo kupulumuka kwawo kutentha kwambiri. Zomwe zimafalikira ziyenera kutha pasanafike. Mitengo yomwe idabzala nthawi yabwino (mu kasupe ndi yophukira) imakhazikitsidwa bwino ndikuyamba.
Musanayambe kuika tchire kumalo ena, m'pofunika kuwonjezera kuchulukitsa kwa feteleza yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka kuyambira m'dzinja kukonzanso maluwa. Ngati mphukira yafika pa masentimita imodzi m'chilimwe, ndipo kutalika kwake kuli pafupi mamita awiri, zokolola zakutchire zimachotsedwa 1-1.5 makilogalamu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti feteleza ndi okwanira ndipo ili bwino, n'zotheka kupatulira ndi kukulitsa achinyamata kukula.
Rasipiberi kukula kwa kuika
Pofuna kusinthanitsa chitsamba chamasipiberi, sankhani matchire abwino, obala zipatso, ndi kukula kwa achinyamata. Mafelesi amakafufuzidwa kumapeto kwa May - kumayambiriro kwa June, pamene msinkhu umakhala waukulu mpaka 12-15 masentimita. Kenaka akhoza kubzalidwa pa bedi laling'ono, ndipo m'dzinja, kukula mpaka pamtunda wa 50-60 masentimita, kuzungulira malo osatha a kukula. Ngati mbeu yabzalidwa kuchokera ku udzu wa uterine m'dzinja, amasankhidwa kuti afike kutalika kwa 60-70 masentimita nthawi yomweyo asanatulukidwe ndikuikidwa pamalo pomwepo.
Olima wamaphunziro, posankha nthawi yomwe kuli bwino kubzala raspberries, amachokera pa zofuna zawo, koma chinthu chachikulu ndicho kukhalapo kwabwino, kucha, chaka chodzala. Ngati kamera kakang'ono pafupi ndi chitsamba cha mayi chikula kwambiri, ndipo sikufunikira, chiyenera kuwonongeka, mwinamwake chidzasakaniza rasipiberi.