Pafupifupi onse oyambitsa maluwa amalima azalea, kusamalira kunyumba kwa chomera chodabwitsa. Maluwa amenewa anadza kwa ife kuchokera ku mbadwa ya Kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, kumene kuli nyengo yosiyana kwambiri, choncho muyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokhazikitsa malo abwino pawindo.
Azaleas - Mitundu
Azaleas ndi a heather banja ndi mtundu wa rhododendrons. Chomeracho chili ndi mizu yokhazikika, ndipo tsinde ndi lamphamvu ngati mtengo wa nsomba. Masamba a mitundu yamkati ndi a khungu, aang'ono ndi ovuta, pakutha kwa maluwa amatha. Simungathe kufotokoza azalea popanda kuika mwatsatanetsatane za masamba ake okongola. Maluwa ambiri ofewa awiri amatha kukhala amodzi okhaokha kapena a bicolour, okhala ndi mchere woyera wofiira.
Ku Ulaya, chomera chokongoletsera chinawonekera kwa oyendetsa madera a Dutch, omwe anachotsa ku Japan ndi China. Poyamba azaleas ankatchedwa yokongola deciduous mphika miphika maluwa ndi 5 stamens pa duwa, ndi rhododendrons - makamaka msewu lalikulu lalikulu zitsamba zitsamba ndi 10 stamens. Tsopano mungapeze mndandanda wa mayina onse awiriwo, omwe sali olakwika kwambiri. Pofuna kupewa zolakwa, pamene mukugula maluwa mwa makalata, mosamala muwerenge kulongosola kwake.
Mitundu yayikulu ya azaleas:
- Azalea ndi Chijapani. Dzina lina ndilo rhododendron wopusa. Zimakula ngati mawonekedwe otsika mpaka 50 cm.
- Azalea ndi Mmwenye. Dzina lina ndi Sims rhododendron. Dziko lachilendoli ndi maiko a ku Asia. Malingana ndi tchire zakutchire za Indian azalea zomwe zimakhala zazikulu mpaka kufika theka la mita, zinapezeka m'minda yamaluwa.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji azalea?
Indoor azalea - maluwa ofunika kwambiri, kusamalira kunyumba chifukwa chophika chophimbacho chiyenera kusamala, nthawi, kutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo ofunikira kukula kwa zomera. Ngati mumangobzala kachipangizo kakang'ono kamene kamagulidwa mu sitolo pawindo lawindo pa malo ofunda ndi owuma, ndiye mtengo wamtengo wapatali ukhoza kuwonongeka.
Kupereka chithandizo cha azaleas kunyumba:
- Kuunikira bwino - duwa ili limakhala bwino mu penumbra.
- Pakuti rhododendrons imafuna kutentha kwambiri, mu zikhalidwe za nyumba muyenera kupanga kupangira kupopera.
- Mu chisamaliro chochita pa nthawi yobwino ndi kuthirira kwa nthawi yake.
- N'kosaloledwa kumasula nthaka m'miphika, mizu yozama imakula pamtunda ndipo imawonongeka mosavuta.
- Kutentha - m'nyengo yozizira ndikofunika kusunga mphika pamalo ozizira pa 10-14 ° C, m'chilimwe sayenera kukwera pamwamba pa 18 ° C.
- Nthaka - poyang'anira rhododendrons, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito dothi la acidic ndi zizindikiro za 4-4.5 pH.
- Kuti nthawi zonse ukhale wokongola maluwa anakondweretsa iwe wokongola azalea, chisamaliro kunyumba ayenera kukhala ndi nthawi zonse kudya, makamaka cholinga ichi kugula wapadera formulations kwa rhododendrons.
Kodi mungatani kuti muzitha kuzungulira azalea kunyumba?
Mphika wachinyamatayo uyenera kutumizidwa ku mphika watsopano chaka chilichonse, maluwa akale amawunikira zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zilizonse. Kulakwitsa kwakukulu ndiko kuphwanya chikhalidwe cha dziko lapansi. Ngati zili choncho, ndibwino kuti muzitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino azalea, ndi bwino kusungabe umphumphu ndikudzipereka kuwonjezera pa gawo la zakudya. Pogwiritsa ntchito mizu yapamwamba, simungagule zitsulo zakuya za rhododendrons, pogwiritsa ntchito miphika yotsika yokongoletsera m'chipindamo.
Azalea - kubereka kunyumba
Njira yobereka yoberekera imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi akatswiri a florists, okonda amalimbikitsa njira zowonjezera zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito ndi kupereka zotsatira zabwino. Mu vuto la momwe mungachulukitsire azalea , ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zidutswa zapakati-extruded mpaka 8 masentimita kutalika. Mphungu yabwino imapezeka kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa masika mpaka June mu acidic coniferous nthaka. Kuti apeze wowonjezera kutentha, njirayi ikuchitika mu greenhouses kapena pansi pa galasi mabanki pamtunda wa 25 ° C. Njira ina yowubaliranso ndi mzuwu wa chitsamba champhamvu ndi zaka zitatu.
Kodi mungathe bwanji kudula azalea?
Mafunso onena momwe mungayambitsire azalea mutatha maluwa komanso nthawi yomwe mungapange izi, muzidandaula onse oyamba kuyenda m'maluwa. Mitengo yoyambirira imakhala mu March-April, ndi mochedwa - kuyambira May mpaka June. Ndikofunika kufupikitsa nthambi za chaka chatha ndikudula mphukira zosafunikira. Pofuna kuchepetsa zitsamba zazing'ono zomwe zimakula kuchokera ku chogwiritsira ntchito, thunthu limadulidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 12 kuchokera padothi. Chombo chokwanira chiyenera kuzungulira kuzungulira kuunikira kwa yunifolomu ya korona.
Dothi la azaleas
Mchere wa malo azaleas ndi woyenera bwino ndi nthaka acidity kuzungulira pH 4.5. Pakhomo, zinthu zimapangidwa ndi kusakaniza nthaka (2 parts), peat (gawo limodzi) ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka mchenga wa mtsinje. Ngati zipangizo zofunikira za nyumbayo sizikupezeka, ndiye amateurs angagule gawo lokonzekera lopangidwa ndi rhododendrons kapena maluwa ena omwe amakula mu nthaka yosavuta.
Kodi kumwa madzi azalea?
Kuyamwa madzi nthawi zonse kumathandiza kuti mukhale ndi thawed kapena madzi amvula, omwe amadziwika ndi acric acid. Pofuna kupeza njira yowonjezera, khungu la asidi mu lita imodzi yosungirako ndi kutenthetsa mpweya wozizira madzi amadzipiritsidwa. Madzi otentha kapena owuma amachititsa imfa ya chomeracho, m'dzinja nthawi yomwe madzi akumwa amachepetsedwa. Pofuna kutentha kwambiri nyengo yotentha, mphika womwe uli ndi azalea umayikidwa pamadzi ndi madzi.
Nchifukwa chiyani sizazale akuphuka?
Anthu omwe amasamala za zomera panyumba nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi vuto chifukwa chake azaleas samasamba. Rhododendron ndi yopanda nzeru ndipo imazindikira kusintha kulikonse kwa chilengedwe. Kwazipinda izi zimakhala zofunikira kupanga mazira ozizira pa khonde kapena loggia ndi kutentha kwa 8-10 ° C ndi panthawi imodzimodziyo kuchepetsa kuthirira kwa kuika maluwa. Pamene masamba amaoneka, timatentha kutentha kwa 12-16 ° C. Chinthu chachiwiri chomwe chimakhala ndi maluwa a azazare ndi ntchito ya dothi la asidi komanso feteleza zamtengo wapadera.
Matenda a azalea
Zizindikiro za matenda osiyanasiyana zimasiyana, pambali iliyonse, muyenera kulingalira bwino maluwawo ndi kukhazikitsa chifukwa chenichenicho cha kulepheretsa kukula. Kusamalira matenda a azalea ndi tizirombo nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa. Pankhaniyi, ikhoza kutaya masamba kapena kuyimitsa maluwa, mavitamini omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amakhala ndi madontho obisika pamasamba. Kulimbana ndi tizilombo ndi tizilombo timagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochiritsira kapena kukonzekera kwapadera. Kunyumba, zimalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito biofungicides ndi bioinsecticides, zomwe ziribe vuto kwa anthu, koma zimakhala ndi machiritso abwino.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a azalea:
- azalium mole;
- whitefly wowonjezera;
- mphutsi ya mealy ;
- sitiroberi mite;
- kangaude ;
- rhododendron bug.
Matenda akulu a azalea:
- fusariosis;
- imvi zowola ;
- powdery mildew ;
- dzimbiri;
- verticellosis;
- alternaria;
- chlorosis;
- necrosis.