Aliyense amene amalima zamasamba amafuna kupeza zokolola zambiri. Chikhalidwe chodziwika kwambiri komanso chotchuka cha ndiwo zamasamba ndi mbatata, yomwe m'mayiko omwe ali ndi nyengo yozizira imatengedwa moyenera ngati "mkate wachiwiri". Kawirikawiri pafupifupi mbatata zokolola kuchokera ku 1 hekita musapitirire matani 15-20. Koma izi ndi zizindikiro zochepa kwambiri! Ndipotu, zokolola za mizu ingakhale yaikulu kwambiri. Tiyeni tiyesetse kupeza: Kodi mungatani kuti muwonjezere zokolola za mbatata?
Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza zokolola za mbatata
Zokolola za mbatata pa hekita zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi zifukwa zingapo:
- ubwino wa mbatata ya mbewu;
- kukonzekera mbewu;
- kukhazikitsidwa kwa sayansi yamakono;
- dera la kulima ndi nyengo;
- khalidwe la nthaka;
- kuthirira;
- feteleza m'dera la mbatata;
- kulamulira matenda ndi tizirombo;
- kugwira ntchito pa chisamaliro cha chikhalidwe.
Kodi mungakulitse bwanji zokolola za mbatata?
Mtengo wapamwamba wa mbatata ukhoza kuperekedwa ngati chiwerengero cha zikhalidwe chikupezeka. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kusankha mbatata zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakula bwino m'dera lino. Iyenera kutsogoleredwa ndi Register Register ya Zomera Zomwe Zimalimbidwa, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kulima kudera linalake. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti ngakhale mitundu yosiyana kwambiri yomwe ikalimidwa pa malo amodzi kwa zaka zambiri pang'onopang'ono imachepetsa zokolola. Choncho, zaka zitatu kapena 4 zilizonse, muyenera kusintha zokolola.
Pofuna kubzala mbatata, malo abwino kwambiri ndi dothi lokhala ndi chinyezi komanso mpweya wabwino, makamaka mchenga ndi mchenga loamy. Koma dongo ndi solonchak dothi si abwino kulima mizu mbewu. Musanabzala, zimayenera kuti zikhale zowonongeka kuti mcherewu ukhale ndi chinyezi komanso mpweya wokwanira pa zomera. Ndibwino kuti, ngati nyemba ndi nyemba zina, komanso nyemba, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mwanjira yabwino kwambiri, zokolola zoyambirira ndi zakumwa za mbatata zimakhudzidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza polima. Zikhoza kukhala zovala zapamwamba (kompositi, manyowa otayidwa kapena zitosi za mbalame) ndi mineral feteleza, makamaka potassium-phosphorous complexes. Kwa oyambirira mitundu ya mbatata, supplementation ndi magnesium-munali feteleza ndifunikanso.
Njira zamakono zowonjezera zokolola za mbatata
Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zamakono pa ulimi wa mbatata: Kupalira, kukwera, kukwera, kumenyana ndi osokoneza, ndilo chikole cha mbewu zabwino.
Pali njira zingapo zomwe zimalola kuti zokolola za mbatata ziwonjezeke.
Njira ya Gülich
Dziko lapansili lagawidwa kukhala zigawo za 1x1 mamita. M'kanyumba kalikonse, humus imayambitsidwa ndipo lalikulu tuber yaikidwa. Pambuyo pa kuphuka kwachitsamba pakati pa chitsamba chomwe chinatsuka nthaka, kotero kuti mphukirayi inakula pambali. Ndondomekoyi imabwerezedwa mpaka kupangidwa kwa chitsamba chokhala ndi zigawo zingapo. Ndi kuthirira bwino, chomera chimodzi chimakula 16 makilogalamu a mbatata.
Mbatata imabzalidwa pamabedi 0,5 mamita m'lifupi ndi mamita 1 pakati pawo. Mabedi amaloledwa ndi zitunda zadothi kuti asunge madzi. Chikhalidwe chimakhala madzi nthawi zonse ndipo katatu pachaka chimadyetsedwa, koma palibe mapiri. Njirayi imalola kuchepetsa dera limene limapatsidwa mbatata ndikuonjezera zokolola kuti zifike pa 50-55 matani kuchokera ku 1 hekitala.
Chitukuko cha Dutch
Njira yamakono yotchuka ya ku Dutch imakulolani kutenga 2 kg ya tubers kuchokera ku chitsamba. Chodziwika chake ndi chakuti mbatata zodzala ziyenera kukhala ndi masentimita 3 mpaka 5 ndipo zikhale zokonzekera. Mitengo ya tubers imabzalidwa mu crests 25 masentimita pamwamba, mizere pakati pa mizere sizoposa 65 masentimita. Nyengoyi imathiriridwa katatu ndipo imamasulidwa chifukwa cha nthaka yaeration. Sabata ndi hafu isanafike nthawi yokolola yokonzedwanso imachotsedwa pamwamba.
Njira yowonjezera yowonjezera zokolola za mbatata ndi kuchotsa peduncles mu gawo la mapangidwe a mphukira.