Podutsa nthawi imene dziko lapansi linkalamuliridwa ndi fern, mitundu yawo idadodometsedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba ndi malo onse okhalapo padziko lapansi, ndipo tsopano amapanga mazenera makamaka m'mayiko otupa ndi ofunda. Kwa wamaluwa wamakono, zomera zoyambirira zimakhala zokongoletsera ndipo zimatha kukongoletsa bwino mkati.
Mitundu ya fern yokongoletsera
Chimene chimasiyanitsa ferns ndi chakuti mitundu yawo yonse imakhala ndi masamba osadziwika, koma malo oyambirira am'derali (vayi), omwe panthawi ya chisinthiko akhala opanda pake. Mbali yachiwiri yokondweretsa ndiyo mphamvu yobereka, zonse zowonongeka ndi zokometsera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zamoyo izi zikhale zosaoneka. Mitengo yapamwamba ndi yovuta kwambiri ya zomera imakumana nawo, m'nkhalango za nyengo yozizira kwambiri imakhala ndi tsinde laling'ono monga mawonekedwe a rhizome pansi. M'madera obiriwira, kukula pamwamba pa nthaka, ma vayas amatha kufika kukula kwakukulu.
Anthu a ku Ulaya akudalira kwambiri makhalidwe okongoletsera a zomera zakale, motero pang'onopang'ono anthu anayamba kusiyanitsa munda wa munda, mitundu yamkati. Amatha kukongoletsa bwino malowa, kukhala maziko a maluwa, kusiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika posachedwa. M'mayiko otentha, mawonekedwe amphamvu a mtengo amatumikira monga gwero la zomangamanga, ndipo mizu ndi mphukira ndi nsonga yolimba ya mafuko ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya.
Malingana ndi mitundu, ferns amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa munda m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yaying'ono imabzalidwa m'mitsuko, imapanga kuchokera ku minda yamasewera. Mafomu a ampel posachedwa amakhala opangidwa ndi mafashoni, kotero kukulitsa madengu ndi Pellet kapena chitsamba china kuti cholingachi chikhale bwino. Zingathe kumangapo malo okongola, loggias, mawindo a mzinda, masitepe.
M'minda imagwiritsira ntchito fern ya mtundu uliwonse, umene umakhalapo nthawi imeneyi. Mwachikhalidwe, iwo amabzalidwa pafupi ndi miyala, ankakonda kukonza minda ya ku Japan , kukongoletsa malo odyetsera malo mu chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe. Ferns abwino amayang'ana pafupi ndi mitsinje, m'mabanki a nyanja kapena mitsinje. Nsomba, Japan primrose, sedge, coniferous mitengo, irises, rhododendrons, nkhalango zamitundu ya zomera zimatha kubzalidwa pafupi ndio. Mitengo ya ferns imafalikira mofulumira ndi kufinya oyandikana nayo, zimalimbikitsa kuchepetsa kukula kwawo kapena kugawa malo akuluakulu.
Fern davalia
Poganizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fern, mitundu yawo ndi mayina, amaluwa ambiri amasamala kwambiri ndi davallia, omwe ali ndi vinyo wapachiyambi. Chomera ichi chikhoza kudziwika nthawi yomweyo ndi mizu ya mizimu, yomwe imamangirira kwambiri miphika, ngati miyendo yaubweya wa nyama yosangalatsa. Pali mitundu yambiri yosangalatsa ya fern iyi ndi makhalidwe okongola kwambiri:
- Dvalily ndi wandiweyani - waii ndi amtundu wanji, ndipo amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 50 ndi kupitirira masentimita 25, kutalika kwa petiole kumakhala masentimita 30. Rhizome ndi yopepuka, yodzaza ndi miyeso ya filiform.
- Canary ya Dahvalia - Ferns yokongola kwambiri yokongoletsera masamba ndi masentimita 45. Zingwezi ndizolunjika, mizu imakhala ya bulauni, ya pubescent, imakhala ndi chomera chomera.
- Dvallia pemphigus - zokongola ndi zokongola ferns, canary ndi pemphigus mitundu ali ofanana mawonekedwe, koma masamba a otsiriza chomera ndi pang'ono kutupa ndi pang'ono (25 cm). Brown sporangia pamwamba pa mapiri asanakhalepo.
- Davallia Marisa - kutalika kwa tchire mpaka 25 masentimita, villi pa mizu ndi yowala, yoyenera kubzala m'nyumba.
Fern Millipede
Ngati mukuyesera kupeza ferns yolimba yozizira, mitundu ya zomera kuti ikhale yotseguka, ndiye kubzala pa malo a centipede ndiyo yabwino kwambiri. Masamba ndi ofewa, kutalika kwa cm 20, rhizome golide bulauni, zokwawa. Zolingazo zimamangiriridwa pamasamba awiri mumzere wopakatikati. Centipede ndi fern edible, yomwe ili ndi mizu yokoma, yogwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala ochiritsira m'mayiko ambiri. Mwa iwo, mafuta ofunikira amachotsedwa ndipo mankhwala amapangidwa.
Fern adianum
Pakati pa ferns zonse, adianum amaonedwa kuti ndi yovuta kwambiri, yomwe imatchulidwa mwa anthu ngati dzina lolemekezeka lakuti "Venus of Hair", imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa maluwa achikwati. Chokhachokha chokha cha chomera cha mtundu uwu ndi chofulumira kuwononga pambuyo pocheka. Malo odyera amaluwa a Ferns amakula mpaka masentimita 60 masentimita, amakhala ndi mizu yakuda, zakuda za vayi ndi pinnate, kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 40. Zigawo za wai zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyambirira a ovoid, ofooka, opangidwa ndi mphete m'munsi.
Fern pteris
Pteris imaonekera kwambiri pakati pa banja lonse la fern, mitundu ina ndi mitundu sizingadzitamande masamba oyambirira a mtundu wa pterygoid ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Pali mitundu yofanana, yobiriwira, yobiriwira, yobiriwira. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya ptersis ndi iyi:
- tepi,
- masamba aatali,
- kunjenjemera,
- mkulu-wodulidwa,
- xiphoid.
Fern Grozdovnik
Dzina lake ndiloyeneradi chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbali ya sporiferous ya mphukira yomwe imakula kuchokera muzu wa vai, ndipo imathera ndi panicle, kumene yakucha ndi kuyembekezera ora lawo la kutsutsana. Fern iyi m'minda imayimilidwa ndi mitundu yomwe sichita mantha ndi nyengo yovuta, ndipo imakhala m'madera ambiri a Russia monga chikhalidwe chamtchire. Mitundu yayikulu ya kumira:
- lanceolate,
- virginia,
- anagawa,
- semilunar,
- chamomile,
- zosavuta,
- olimba,
- kumpoto,
- phiri,
- kum'mwera,
- mkwatibwi wa Jenman.
Mbalame wa Fern
Ichi ndi chomera china, chomwe chimawonekera pang'ono sichifanana ndi ferns. Maonekedwe osadziwika amaperekedwa kwa masamba onse a mawonekedwe a lanceolate mpaka kufika mamita mita m'litali ndi pafupifupi masentimita 7. Zolemerazo zimamangirizidwa kuchokera kumbali yina mwa mawonekedwe a magulu ofanana kwambiri a mtundu wofiira. Mapepala otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu horticulture:
- tsamba la fern wamba (skolopendrovy),
- tsamba la undulata - ndi masamba a wavy,
- masamba ozungulira masamba - ndi vinyo wophikidwa,
- tsamba la cristatum ndi mawonekedwe a chisa,
- mapepala a crispa - ndi perforated masamba,
- kapepala kakang'ono Ramo Cristatum - zitsamba za chic ndi masamba avy wa nthambi,
- Masamba a ku Japan ndi zitsamba zokhala ndi makina akuluakulu komanso zophimba zamapiko a lanceolate mpaka 40cm yaitali.
Pelley fern
Pakati pa mitundu yonse ya ferns, kufotokoza kwa chomera chachikuluchi ndi masamba okoma kumapangitsa chidwi chenicheni pakati pa florists. Zikuwoneka bwino pamene zakula ngati mawonekedwe a potted chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi masamba oyambirira. M'mayiko osiyanasiyana, Pelley fern amatchedwa batani kapena botani fern, kutalika kwa mphukira zake kufika pa masentimita 40, koma ngati kulima kwapakhomo kumakhala masentimita 15. Kwa nyumba, mitundu yambiri ya chomera ichi sichikhoza kugula:
- Peleya ndi wofiirira,
- Peleya ndi wobiriwira,
- Pellea ndi wokongola-mdima,
- Pelley ali wamaliseche.
Fern Common Fern
Chiwombankhanga cha nkhumba choyambirira chimasiyana mu nkhalango kuchokera ku mitundu ina mosavuta. Mphukira yake imakula kuchokera ku rhizome yopanda phokoso osati ndi tchire, koma payekha payekha pamtunda wa masentimita 10. Njira zochokera pansi pa nthaka ndi zakuya ndipo zimatha kuyaka moto waukulu. Mbali yapadera ya chiwombankhanga - imakhala mu mpangidwe wamakono wooneka ngati nkhono. Mbali ya pansiyi imakhala yopanda kanthu, ndipo pamwamba imakhala masamba a chic. Yang'anani bwino mkati mwa mitundu ya mitundu ya mitundu-mitundu ya mphungu yokhala ndi zobiriwira zakuda, zofiira kapena zofiirira.
Fernus asplenium
Pamene mukuwerenga funso la mtundu wa fern, muli otsimikiza kuti mukudalira zomera. Imakhala yaitali (mpaka 75 cm) masamba obiriwira bwino ndi mapiri osasunthika. Amawoneka ofunika komanso odekha, koma mosasamala amatha kuvutika nthawi yomweyo. Mu nyumba floriculture, asplenium akulima kuyambira XIX atumwi, kale ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza nthata. Mitundu yotchuka ya asplenium:
- chisa,
- bulbous,
- zachikale.
Nthiwatiwa ya Fern
Mtundu umenewu umakhala wofanana ndi nthenga za nthiwatiwa, zomwe zimatha kufika mamita ndi theka ngati nsalu yokongoletsera. Mahatchi okwera pang'onopang'ono amapereka ana atsopano, amapanga mazira akuluakulu. M'chilengedwe, munda wa munda wa fern wamunda wamaluwa umapezeka ku Siberia, ku Far East, ndi ku Caucasus. Amakonda kukula m'nkhalango zakuda komanso mitsinje yamadzi. M'minda yam'munda ayenera kubzalidwa pamalo amdima, m'madera ozizira, pafupi ndi mipanda ndi miyala yokongoletsera.
Fern Shield
Rhizome mumtundu uwu ndi waufupi, wamakono, wokhala ndi masentimita 10 kapena kuposa. Imakhala ndi ma tubercles, omwe amapanga mabwinja a petioles a masamba akale. Pamwamba pa nkhonya munthu wamwamuna ndi wokongoletsedwa ndi rosette yokhala ndi mtolo wamphamvu wamdima wobiriwira mpaka mamita m'litali. Nkhono zazing'ono zamakono zimakula ndi kuziwonekera m'nyengo yachilimwe. Scimitar ndi poizoni, koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala monga helminthic, kuyeretsa, kupweteka. Ngati mulibe chidziwitso, kuyesera ndi mizu ya fern iyi ndi yoopsa.
Ukhondo wa Fern
Pali mitundu yosiyana ya fern ya choyera, kufotokoza kwake komwe kuli kosiyana. Mitundu yachifumu (yamtengo wapatali) yamaluwa mu kasupe imakhala ndi masamba ofiira kwambiri mpaka mamita awiri kutalika, mtundu wawo umakhala wobiriwira, ndipo ndi yophukira golidi. Ma subspecies a Asia ali ndi masamba ofiira ofiira, omwe amatembenukira ku lalanje ndi September, kulenga malo oyaka moto m'mapiri. Mitundu ya ukhondo wa Kayton ndi yosavuta, zomera zimawoneka ngati a subspecies a Asia, koma sporanga imakula kuchokera pakati pa chitsamba, osati kukula mosiyana.