Palibe anthu padziko lapansi omwe sangawope chilichonse. Aliyense m'moyo mwake adapeza nkhawa yamkati ndipo nthawi zambiri. Koma chikhalidwe cha mtima woipa kwambiri sichimveka kwa aliyense. Anthu amadzifunsa okha: mantha ndi chiyani kuti adziwe zomwe zimayambitsa. Komanso yesetsani kumvetsetsa momwe mungachotsere zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa chifukwa choopa zinthu zina.
Psychology of mantha
Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, mantha amachititsa chisokonezo mwa anthu. Zambiri zaperekedwa ku vuto la chipembedzo ndi filosofi, ojambula ndi ojambula anayesera kuyesa boma. Pakufika kwa psychology m'zaka za zana la 19, chodabwitsachi chinayamba kuwonedwa mwasayansi. Mantha ankatchedwa boma la mkati, chifukwa cha zinthu zenizeni kapena zowopsya. Munthu akazindikira kuti vuto ndi loopsa, thupi limapereka chizindikiro. Ubale kwa dziko lakunja ndi phobias ndiwekha, ndipo akatswiri amalankhula za mazana a mitundu yawo.
Pindulani ndi kuvulazidwa ndi mantha
Akatswiri a zamaganizo amanena kuti ngakhale kuti malingaliro a mantha ali obiriwira, pang'onozing'ono zingakhale zothandiza. Ndipo mwachiwiri kukhala ndi mantha ndi phobias - ndi zachilendo. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti munthu aliyense amene akukumana ndi mantha osawopsyezedwa a chinachake ayenera kukhala moyo wake wonse pansi pa mantha. Pamene phobia inakhala vuto, iyenera kumenyana nayo, koma kuwonetsa mawonetseredwe onse a mantha akutanthauza kusagwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Kalekale, kuwopa kusatsimikizika kunateteza anthu ku zinthu zina zolakwika.
Kodi mantha ndi chiyani?
Kugwiritsa ntchito mantha ndiko ntchito yake yaikulu: kuteteza munthu ku ngozi (mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuphatikizapo chidziwitso cha kudzipulumutsa ). Pokhapokha kuyang'ana uku kulibe ntchito, koma kunayambika mwa chisinthiko kuteteza munthu ku mavuto ozungulira, zinthu zina ndi zoopseza. Zinthu zotsatirazi zingatchulidwe pamene mantha ali othandiza:
- Kuopa kutalika kumapulumuka kugwa. Madzi - kuchoka mkuntho. Mdima - kuchoka pamisonkhano ndi achifwamba ndi achigololo mu park usiku.
- Kuwopa zinthu zosadziwika ndi zamkati zimateteza kuyankhulana ndi zinthu zoopsa (machesi, mipeni), anthu ndi zinyama.
- Ndizoopsa, maselo a serotonin amapangidwa mu ubongo, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri minofu.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa adrenaline m'magazi kumakhala chifukwa chake munthu ayamba kuganiza ndi kuchita mofulumira, mogwirizanitsa. Koma osati nthawi zonse.
Kuopsa kwa Mantha
Kusakhala ndi mantha kungapangitse anthu kuti athake, koma nthawi zina, ndizoopsa kuopa. Zomwe zimakhala zoopsa sizimathandiza munthu kuchita zomwe angathe. Chinthu chinanso cha zomwe zikuchitika pangozi ndi izi:
- kusunthira kuli koletsedwa;
- kupuma kwathyoledwa, kugwedezeka;
- munthu sangathe kuganiza ndi kuchita mwachizolowezi;
- pali mantha oopsa.
Mitundu ya mantha
Malingana ndi mndandanda, mantha angagawidwe m'magulu angapo. Mwachitsanzo, Freud anagawana nawo malingaliro onse a mtundu umenewu moona komanso mwachangu, ndipo mnzakeyo - katswiri wa zamaganizo Kaplan - wokhudzidwa ndi matenda. Ndiko kuti, mtundu woyamba umathandiza munthu kuti apulumuke, izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa chiopsezo, ndipo chachiwiri ndicho chifukwa cha matendawa. Muzochitika za sayansi ndizozoloŵera kugwirizana ndi phobias m'magulu asanu ndi atatu:
- Malo amodzi (mantha a kuya, kutalika, malo osungidwa, etc.).
- Anthu (anthu amtundu winawake, udindo, kukana kusintha, etc.).
- Kuopa imfa.
- Kuopsa kwa matenda osiyanasiyana.
- Kusiyanitsa mantha - kusafuna kuima.
- Kuopa kugonana .
- Kuopa kuvulaza ena.
Katswiri wa zamaganizo wa ku Russia, dzina lake Shcherbatykh, anali ndi lingaliro lake la mantha omwe alipo. Amagawidwa m'magulu atatu:
- Chikhalidwe - ichi ndi chisokonezo cha moyo wawo wokha ndi okondedwa awo, pamaso pa anthu, malingaliro, kusintha kwa moyo, ndi zina zotero.
- Zachilengedwe, ndiko kuti, zogwirizana ndi zochitika zachirengedwe (mkuntho, mphepo yamkuntho, etc.).
- Zamkati, zomwe "zinayikidwa" muunyamata.
Koma zidzakhala zolondola kulumikiza ziwalo zonse ndi nkhawa m'magulu atatu (anayi):
- Zachilengedwe - ndiko, zokhudzana ndi thanzi ndi moyo.
- Kusagwirizana ndi anthu komanso kusintha kwa anthu.
- Zomwe zilipo - mkati, zomwe zimawonekera zakuya kwa munthu.
- Gulu losiyana ndi mantha a ana.
Mantha a anthu
Mwinamwake gulu lalikulu kwambiri la mantha limene likuwoneka mmagulu angapo ndi chikhalidwe. Chidziwikiritso chawo ndi chakuti zinthu zomwe phobia imatsogozedwa sizikhala ndi ngozi yeniyeni. Zitha kuyenda kuchokera ku ziwopsezo zowonjezera - monga, kuopa, kuopa ana kwa jekeseni kumayambira mizu ndipo kumakhala kosavomerezeka ndi anthu ovala zoyera. Ndili ndi zaka, chikhalidwe cha anthu chimasintha chinthu chimodzi. Amavomerezedwa kugawana mantha a anthu a mtundu uwu pa mitundu yotsatirayi:
- mantha a kumvera (pamaso pa bwana, mphunzitsi, etc.);
- mantha a kulephera;
- kusafuna kutenga udindo (m'banja, timu);
- mantha a kusungulumwa ndi kusasamala;
- kuwopa kukondana ndi ena;
- mantha a kuunika ndi kukhudzidwa.
Zamoyo zamantha
Chikhalidwe chomwecho chimayesedwa kukhala ndi mantha ndi nkhawa pamaso pa zochitika zomwe zimaopseza moyo wa munthu ndi achibale ake, mwachitsanzo, nyama zowononga ndi zowopsa, ziphuphu. Zofiira zoterezi ndi zolondola, ndipo chifukwa cha chisangalalo ndizoopsa. Zowonjezereka zina zomwe zimapezeka ndi:
- innate - kukhalapo kwawo kumapangidwa mwachibadwa cha kudzipulumutsa;
- Kugawa kwa misa - izi ndizofala kwa anthu onse.
Chiwopsezo chenicheni
Chofunikira cha munthu chimadziwonetsera mu gulu lachitatu la phobias: existential. Zimayambira muzipangizo zozama za ubongo, sizimadziwika nthawi zonse ndi munthu ndipo "zimakhala" mosadziŵa, kotero zimakhala zovuta kuchiza (ngati ziyenera). Zikuphatikizapo:
- kuopa nokha;
- mantha a malo (kutseka, kutseguka, kutalika);
- mantha a kusasinthika kwa nthawi, tsogolo, imfa;
- kuyambika kwa nkhaŵa pa zosadziwika, zozizwitsa za dziko lino.
Kuopa ana
Gawo losiyana - nkhawa za ana, kupita ku ukalamba. Uku ndikumverera kwakukulu - mantha, ndipo kumawonekera m'mimba, pamene mwanayo amamva zochitika za mayiyo. Mantha a zamoyo (a kuwala kowala, phokoso lofuula, ndi zina zotero) ndizochitika kwa miyezi yoyamba ya moyo. Izi ndi njira zothandizira. Koma ngati mpweya wa phobias umafalitsidwa pamtundu wa majini, ndizotheka kuti maganizo a ana amakula kukhala amantha a munthu wamkulu.
Kodi mungachotse bwanji mantha?
Pokhala ndi lingaliro lomveka la mantha omwe ali ndi kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa, munthu akhoza kuyesa kuwachotseratu kuti athetseratu zovuta zonse . Kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane kwa vutoli kumathandiza kulimbana nacho. Pali njira zambiri zotsimikizirika zothetsera mantha. Psychology imatchula njira zothandiza:
- Kulimbana ndi nkhawa.
- Kutanthauzira momveka bwino za zotsatira zotheka za mkhalidwewo. Mwina simukudandaula.
- Kuwonetseratu za phobia kuli pamapepala kapena pamutu.
- Kuphunzitsa kulimba mtima.
Ngati ndi funso la chikhalidwe cha anthu, mukhoza kuchitapo kanthu pang'onopang'ono. Pali njira zambiri zamaganizo komanso momwe mungagonjetse mantha olankhulana:
- odziwa atsopano ndi kufalikira kwazitali;
- kulankhulana kwabwino, kukambirana kwa telefoni;
- kukambirana kwa katswiri wa zamaganizo.
Mapiritsi poopa
Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti malingaliro monga mantha sikuti nthawi zonse zimayambitsa chilengedwe. Ngati nkhawa imayambitsidwa ndi mavuto a ubongo ndi maganizo, mankhwala amathandiza. Mankhwala owonjezera pa mankhwalawa angathe kugulidwa pa pharmacies. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Zitsamba ndi zowonjezera - valerian, roseola, motherwort;
- makonzedwe a m'mimba;
- Zakudya zowonjezera;
- mankhwala otchedwa nootropic - adapol, phenibut, pantogam.
Nthawi zina mankhwala osiyanasiyana amathandiza kuthetsa chisangalalo, koma osati kwa nthawi yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, kwa munthu amene akuwopa kuthawa ndege, ndi kosavuta kumamwa mapiritsi musanapite kuulendo wamba kusiyana ndi kupita kuchipatala chautali. Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana komanso zowonjezereka kungachepetse nkhawa, koma ngati muzu wa mantha uli pansi, mapiritsi ena sangathandize. Ndikofunika kuti muzigwira ntchito nokha.
Njira yowononga kuthetsa nkhawa ndiyo kuwombera kapena kuthawa. Ndi phobias iliyonse - yobisika ndi yosavuta, yomwe imasokoneza moyo, muyenera kumenyana, molimba mtima kuyang'anitsitsa nkhope ya ngozi ndi zofooka zanu. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti anthu alibe mphamvu pazinthu zina, ndipo amatha kulekerera mantha awa. Mwachitsanzo, musayese kugonjetsa imfa kapena kupewa masoka achilengedwe. Anthu ayenera kumvetsera mwachibadwa kuti adzipulumutse, koma asadandaule ndi mantha awo.