Zoonadi, munthu aliyense kamodzi kamodzi pamoyo wake amadwala matenda opatsirana, amene mankhwala ake sangathe kuchita popanda kumwa mankhwala opha tizilombo, ndipo ambiri amakhala ndi lingaliro la mankhwalawa ndi zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Mankhwala opha majeremusi amagawidwa m'magulu, kusiyana pakati pawo, makamaka, kumakhala ndi mankhwala, kapangidwe kake ndi ntchito zambiri.
Kuwonjezera apo, mu gulu lirilonse la maantibayotiki amagawidwa mankhwala osiyana siyana: mi antibiotic ya mbadwo woyamba, wachiwiri, ndi zina zotero. Mbadwo womaliza, mankhwala atsopano a antibiotic amasiyana ndi omwe amatha kale, omwe amakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa, ogwira ntchito bwino, komanso osowa mtendere. M'nkhani ino, tikambirana momwe kukonzekera kwa m'badwo wotsiriza kuli pa mndandandanda wa mankhwala opha tizilombo kuchokera ku gulu losakanikirana, komanso zomwe zilipo.
Makhalidwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito macrolides
Mankhwala opha tizilombo okhudzana ndi gulu la mankhwala osokoneza bongo amalingaliridwa kuti ndi amodzi mwa poizoni kwambiri kwa thupi la munthu. Izi ndizigawo zovuta zachilengedwe komanso zochokera kumalo. Odwala ambiri amalekerera, musayambe kuchita zinthu zosafunika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maantibayotiki a magulu ena. Mbali yapadera ya macrolides ndi kukhoza kulowa m'kati mwa maselo, kumayambitsa makutu akulu, mwachangu ndi kufalitsidwa bwino m'matumba ndi ziwalo.
Zojambulazo zili ndi zotsatira zotsatirazi:
- chithandizo;
- anti-inflammatory;
- kudziletsa.
Zisonyezero zazikulu zokhala ndi ma antibiotic-macrodedi ndi awa:
- Matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya ( periodontitis , otitis, sinusitis, matonillitis, bronchitis, chibayo, diphtheria, chifuwa chachikulu, etc.);
- matendawa;
- Matenda opatsirana a maso (conjunctivitis, trachoma, etc.);
- ululu;
- Matenda a khungu ndi zofewa (ziphuphu zoopsa, erysipelas, mastitis, etc.);
- matenda a urogenital, ndi zina zotero.
Zamakono zamakono
Mankhwala oyambirira a gulu lopangidwa ndi ojekiti anali erythromycin. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zamankhwala mpaka lero, ndipo ntchito yake imasonyeza zotsatira zabwino. Komabe, kenako anapangidwa macrolide kukonzekera, chifukwa chakuti apanga pharmacokinetic ndi microbiological magawo, ndi okonda kwambiri.
Antibiotic-macrolide ya mbadwo watsopanowu ndizochokera ku gulu la azalides - azithromycin (mayina amalonda: Summamed, Azithromax, Zatrin, Zomax, ndi zina). Mankhwalawa ndi ochotsera erythromycin omwe ali ndi atomu ya nayitrogeni yowonjezera. Ubwino wa mankhwalawa ndi:
- mpweya wabwino;
- moyo wautali wautali;
- asidi kukana
- luso loyendetsedwa ndi leukocyte ku cholinga cha kutupa;
- kuthekera kwa kuchepetsa nthawi ya mankhwala ndi mafupipafupi a mankhwala (kamodzi pa tsiku kwa masiku 3 mpaka 5).
Azithromycin ikugwira ntchito pokhudzana ndi:
- staphylococci;
- streptococci;
- chlamydia;
- Pertussis ndodo;
- ndodo yamphongo ;
- gardnerella;
- mycoplasma;
- mycobacteria;
- Amagulu a syphilis ndi ena mabakiteriya.
Kuwonjezera apo, kupezeka kwa mankhwala kumawonedwa m'mapapu, kutsekemera kwachisokonezo, uchimo wamkati, tinsils, impso.
Zambiri zam'badwo wotsiriza ndi bronchitis
Kukonzekera kwa azithromycin kumadziwika ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zimakhala zosavuta kuti zisawonongeke komanso zimayambitsa matendawa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapuloteni asapangidwe. Mazira a mitsempha akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi kwa bakiteriya bronchitis ndi kuwonjezereka kwa zilonda zamkati.