Zizindikiro za Dementia

Matenda a maganizo amadziwika bwino ndi dzina lake lachiwiri - dementia. Ndi kuwonongeka kwa ubongo komwe kumapangitsa munthu kukhala wapadera. Matendawa, monga matenda a maganizo (chiwombankhanza) akuphatikizapo kuphwanya malingaliro a zenizeni, nzeru, kulankhula, kukumbukira ndi ntchito zina.

Mitundu ya matenda a maganizo

Panthawi ya chiwonongeko cha matenda a maganizo, matendawa ali ndi udindo wotsogolera kusasokoneza kwathunthu mu chikhalidwe cha anthu. Mtundu wambiri wa dementia ndi wovuta, wosasinthika.

Sungani malingaliro a ubongo mwa njira izi:

• matenda a maganizo, kapena matenda a mtima (izi zikuphatikizapo matenda a Alzheimer, matenda a shuga a mitsempha,);
• Demotimia ndi kumwa mowa (mtundu uwu umachitika ngati kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, mwachitsanzo, poizoni ndi ziphe nthawi zonse);
• Chifuwa cholimbana ndi ziwalo za mkati (mtundu uwu umaphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, chidziwitso chodziwika bwino komanso chopanda mphamvu);
• chifuwa chachikulu cha matenda a chithokomiro;
• chiwindi chaumtima chokhudzana ndi kusowa kwa thiamine;
• chifuwa chachikulu cha matenda a poizoni;
• Matenda a maganizo a m'mbuyo mwa matenda opatsirana a ubongo (syphilis, meningitis), hydrocephalus, zotupa za ubongo, HIV.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a 'dementia' zimakhala zozizwitsa zosiyanasiyana. Ukalamba izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndipo matendawa amatenga nthawi yomweyo.

Zizindikiro za Dementia

N'zosavuta kuona zizindikiro za matenda a dementia, zomwe poyamba zimakhala zophweka, ndiyeno zimachulukira kwambiri, zotsutsana ndi moyo wa munthu. Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri ndi kukumbukira, chomwechi ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zoyambirira za chifuwa cha dementia. Zizindikiro zotsalirazo zimasiyanitsidwa pakati pa zochitika zotsatirazi:

1. Kuiŵala kukukula: munthu amayamba kuiŵala chinachake chimene chinali chakale, ndiyeno chinachitika pakali pano. Zakale zimachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono.
2. Mavuto otsogolera: Anthu omwe amadwala matenda a 'dementia,' alibe bwino ndipo amatha kutayika mosavuta.
3. Zovuta ndi kukonzekera: zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti munthu aganizire payekha nthawi yake kapena kukonzekera pasadakhale.
4. Kusokonezeka kwa kuganiza: ntchito ya kulankhula ndi kukumbukira pang'onopang'ono imafooka.
5. Mavuto a moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku: munthu amalephera kuvala kapena kudya zofoloka, chifukwa amagwirizanitsa maganizo ndi maganizo osadziletsa.
6. Kusintha khalidwe komanso makhalidwe amtundu. Kawirikawiri pali kusowa tulo, kukayikira, kukwiya, kupititsa patsogolo.

Ndili ndi zizindikiro zoyamba muyenera kuyambitsa yogwira ntchito, kuti musayambe kupititsa patsogolo matendawa.

Kuteteza matenda a maganizo

Kupewa n'kofunika kumayambiriro, chifukwa izi zikhoza kuthetsa vutoli. Choyamba, miyeso iyenera kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso zakudya zoyenera, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha ubongo wa ischemia, matenda oopsa, mtima wamatenda ndi shuga, zomwe ziri mofulumira zonse zimabweretsa chitukuko cha matenda oterowo. Pochiza matenda a maganizo, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zomwe zakhala zikuwonetseredwa, komanso zomwe zikuyenera kukhala zothandiza:

• chotsitsa;
• otsutsa a NMDA receptors;
• mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
• holinomimetiki.

Pokhala ndi mwayi wokwanira kwa dokotala, n'zotheka kusintha kwambiri mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo, kuimitsa, kuchepetsa kapena kuchiza matenda. Chinthu chachikulu sichiyenera kubweza thupi kuyambira ali wamng'ono, chifukwa mudzayenera kulipira zolakwa.