Kuphulika kwa mitsempha ya mitral ndi matenda, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka mosavuta panthawi ya chiwombankhanga cha mtima. Malingana ndi chiwerengero, pafupifupi 6% mwa anthu ali ndi vuto loterolo, pamene chiwerengero cha akazi ndi chapamwamba kwambiri. Kupweteka kwa matendawa kumapezeka nthawi zambiri ali mwana komanso ukadali wamng'ono.
Kodi kupweteka kwa mitral valve ya mtima ndi kotani?
Mtima - mtundu wa mpope, chiwalo cholimba cha thupi, chomwe chimapangidwira kupereka mitsempha ya thupi ya thupi lonse. Kuwombera ndi kuyendayenda kwa magazi kumachitika mwa kukhala ndi vuto linalake m'mitima (zipinda). Mitsempha (pali anayi - awiri a atria ndi awiri otukuka) amagawanikana ndi ziphuphu zowonongeka - ma valve, omwe, kuphatikizapo, amayendetsa msinkhu wa kupanikizika ndikuika njira yoyenera ku magazi.
Mitsempha yotchedwa mitral yomwe imapangidwa ndi tizilombo togwirizanitsa ndi imodzi mwazitsulo zinayi, zomwe zimayambira kumbali ya kumanzere ndipo zimachoka ku ventricle. Vuvu iyi ndi bicuspid, ndipo valve zake zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi khoma la ventricle lakumanzere ndi ulusi woonda kwambiri wa mitsempha - zitsamba zomwe zimachokera ku minofu ya papillary. Nyumba zonsezi zimagwirira ntchito palimodzi, ndi mitsempha ndi minofu ya papillary yomwe imakhala ngati "akasupe" a "zitseko" zamagetsi.
Ndimagwiritsidwe ntchito kogwiritsira ntchito kachipangizo kamene kamapangitsa kuti mitsempha ya mtima iwonongeke. Chifukwa cha ichi, magazi kuchokera kumapeto kwa ventricle pansi pa mavuto alowa mu aorta, kuchokera komwe, opangidwa ndi oxygen, amanyamula thupi lonse. Pa nthawi yachisangalalo cha mtima, pamene mpweya umasungunuka ndi wodzazidwa ndi magazi, mpweya wa mitral umatsegulidwa, ndipo mavavu ake amalowetsedwa m'kati mwa ventricle ya kumanzere.
Kuphulika kwa mtima wa valve ndi malo osakwanira opaleshoni ya valvular, yomwe imadziwika ndi kutseka kosasunthika kwa magetsi a mitral panthawi yopuma, yomwe imayambitsa magazi ena kuti achoke kuchokera ku ventricle kupita ku atrium. Kubwezera kwachilendo kotereku kumatchedwa regurgitation . Pamene valavu yatsekedwa pakadali pano, timapepala timodzi kapena timapepala tonsefe timatha, E. Amalowa m'chipinda cham'mbali chakumanzere, chomwe sichiwalola kuti azikhala pafupi.
Kodi kupweteka kwa mtral valve ndi matenda a valvular?
Podziwa za matendawa, odwala ambiri amakondwera ndi izi: Kutaya mtima ndi vuto la mtima kapena ayi? Ndipotu, matendawa amatha kukhala olakwika, mwachitsanzo, zolepheretsa pa kukula kwa kapangidwe ka thupi, zomwe zingasokoneze kugwirira ntchito kwa mtima. Pachifukwa ichi, kupatuka kumaganizidwe kawirikawiri kumakhala kochepa kwambiri moti sikukhudza ntchito ya mtima. Akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti kupweteka kwapadera kwa mitral septum sikungakhale pangozi, komabe chitukuko cha mavuto omwe ali pachiyambi ndi kotheka.
Kawirikawiri mitral valve valve prolapse ndi chibadwa, chomwe chimakhudzana ndi kusokonezeka kwa kapangidwe kake kamene kamagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo chifukwa cha zomwe ma valve amatha kutambasula, ndipo mapeto amatha kutalika. Izi zimachokera kuzipangizo zamtundu. Palinso mitundu ina yachiwiri ya matenda yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha matenda ena ndi zinthu zoopsa zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa kapena kupuma:
- rumatism ;
- kupweteka kwa chifuwa;
- chithandizo ;
- myocardial infarction, ndi zina zotero.
Kupuma - ndi koopsa bwanji?
Kuchokera kwa mtima kungabweretse ngozi ngati pali kubwezeretsedwa kwa magazi (atabwereranso) kwa atrium, chifukwa cha kupweteka kwambiri kwa thupi kapena kupweteka kwapachiphuphu kumayambitsa matenda oopsa, pali kuphwanya mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ubongo, ndi zina zotero.
- kuperewera kwa valve mitral;
- chithandizo;
- tsamba la valve;
- arrhythmias, vuto loyendetsa;
- kupwetekedwa.
Mitral valve prolapse - digiri
Pofuna kuwona kuopsa kwa mtima wosagwira ntchito, ndizozoloŵera kufotokozera matendawa mu madigiri angapo, poyerekeza ndi kutsika kwa ma valve kumalo osungirako ziwalo zam'nyumba komanso kumapeto kwa magazi. Pachifukwa ichi, kutuluka kwa mitsempha ya mitral kungaperekedwe ndi kutupa pamatope a anterior, posterior, kapena valves awiri. Kuyeza ndi kotheka kokha kupyolera mu njira zamakono zowonetsera.
Mitral valve prolapse ya digrii yoyamba
Pachifukwa ichi, kufalitsa masambawa ndi 3-6 mm. Kuwonjezeka kwa 1 digirii ndi kupotoka mosavuta, ndipo ndi kusokonekera kochepa, kulephera kwakukulu kwa kayendetsedwe ka mtima wamagetsi sikungowonongeka. Mawonetseredwe am'zipatala nthawi zambiri sapezeka. Ngati mitral valve isanafike m'kalasi yoyamba ndi kubwezeretsedwa, zimachitika kuti magazi ena asasunthidwe, omwe samakhudza magazi.
Mitral valve imadutsa madigiri 2
Kupweteka kwapachipatala koyambira kwachiwiri kumayesedwa ndi kutseka kwa "khomo" la valve, kufika 9 mm. Pogonjetsedwa kotero, wina akhoza kunena za matenda ozungulira omwe amapereka zizindikiro zosadziwika, koma akuphatikizidwa ndi chiopsezo cha mavuto. Kutuluka kwa valve ya mitral ndi kubwezeretsanso pakadali pano kumayambitsa kutsogolo kwa magazi, komwe kumatha kufika theka la atrium.
Mitral valve ikudutsa madigiri 3
Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikutuluka kwa grade 3, kuphatikizapo kusiyana kwa ziphuphu za valve kugwedezeka ndi 9 mm kapena kuposa. Kusintha kwakukulu mu kapangidwe ka mtima, momwe chimbudzi chikulongedwera, makoma a ventricle amakula. Mtsinje wammbuyo wamagazi ndi wolimba kwambiri moti umatulutsa makoma apamwamba omwe amapezeka pamtunda. Chithunzi cha clinic chimafotokozedwa momveka bwino, mavuto amayamba popanda chithandizo.
Kuthamanga kwa valve - zizindikiro
Monga momwe akatswiri amavomerezera, ali ndi ziphuphu zamtundu wa mitral, odwala ali ndi maonekedwe monga kutalika, kuonda, mikono yaitali ndi miyendo, khungu lofewa. Kawirikawiri pamakhala ziwalo zowonongeka, maonekedwe owonetsa. Ndi vuto lochepa, nthawi zambiri, odwala alibe madandaulo. Pamene kubwezeretsa kumafikira phokoso lalikulu, zizindikiro zowonjezera zingayambitse izi:
- kufooka kwakukulu;
- chizungulire;
- ululu pamutu;
- mpweya wochepa;
- thukuta;
- kusokonezeka mu mtima;
- chisokonezo;
- chisokonezo;
- kuchuluka kwa mtima;
- palpitation;
- lingaliro la kusowa kwa mpweya;
- kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa kutentha kwa thupi.
Kodi mtima umapweteka ndi mitral valve prolapse?
Kupwetekedwa mumtima ndi mitral valve prolapse sikoyenera, koma nthawi zambiri amawona chizindikiro, makamaka pa 2 ndi 3 digiri ya kuwonongeka komanso pakapita secondary prolapse valve ziphuphu. Kawirikawiri ululu umadziwika pambuyo pa kupsinjika maganizo, kupsinjika, kuopseza, kuumirira thupi, koma sikunapatsidwe mu malo a mpumulo. Chikhalidwe chachisokonezo ndi chosiyana: kumangirira, kupweteka, kupondereza, ndi zina zotero. Ngati kutuluka kwa valve kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupweteka kobwerezabwereza, izi zikuwonetsa matenda aakulu ndi zovuta.
Mitral valve prolapse - matenda
Panthawi yofufuza zachipatala panthawi yachisokonezo (kumvetsera mtima ndi stethophonendoscope), katswiri amatha kuzindikira phokoso linalake loyamba ndi kutseka ndi kutseka kwa valve. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa kufufuza kwatsatanetsatane, ndipo muzochitika zotero ndibwino kuti muzipanga ultrasound (echocardiography). Pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasound ya mtima, mitral valve prolapse imadziwika moyenera, ndipo njirayi imayesa molondola kukula kwa matenda. Kuonjezerapo, njira zoterezi zingaperekedwe:
- electrocardiogram;
- Kuwunika kwa ECG.
Mitral valve prolapse - mankhwala
Anthu ochulukirapo omwe akutha, mankhwala sakufunika. Ngati palibe mawonetseredwe a kachipatala, wodwala sakuvutitsa, kufufuza sikutanthauza kukanika kwa mtima, kungoyang'anitsitsa ndi kufufuza nthawi ndi moyo ndikulimbikitsidwa. Funso la kuthekera kwa thupi likufotokozedwa payekha payekha.
Kutuluka kwa valve ya mitral, yomwe imadziwika ndi zizindikiro zoopsa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a mtima, imakhala ndi mankhwala. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi yaitali, angaphatikizepo magulu awa:
- bwenzi;
- mavitamini a gulu B, PP;
- kukonzekera magnesiamu;
- zosangalatsa;
- zotetezera.
Kuphatikizana ndi gawo la mankhwala, mankhwala ovuta nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi njira zina: kupuma kupuma, physiotherapy, physiotherapy, kupaka minofu, psychotherapy. Odwala amalimbikitsidwa kuti asamalidwe. Pakakhala zovuta kwambiri, chiwerengero chachikulu cha regurgitation chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira. Izi zikhoza kukhala ntchito yobwezeretsa pamagetsi a mitral (mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsira ntchito ma valve, kuchepetsani chovuta), kapena njira yodalirika - ma prosthetics.