Thupi la munthu limalandira mphamvu kuchokera ku shuga, chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito insulini. Ndi kusowa kwa hormone iyi ya kapangidwe kapena kusowa kwa chiwopsezo kumayambitsa matenda a shuga. Izi ndi matenda akuluakulu otchedwa endocrine, omwe amakhala ndi mavuto owopsa, koma akhoza kuyang'aniridwa bwino ndi kuchiritsidwa bwino.
Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri - kusiyana
Kupititsa patsogolo mankhwala oyenera kumadalira pazidziwitso za matendawa. Pali matenda a shuga omwe amadalira shuga komanso osadalira insulini. Chiwonetsero choyamba chimene chimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chimabwera ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timakhala timene timapanga. Matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri amachititsa kuti thupi likhale lochepa kwambiri kwa insulini. Nkhanza sizinawonongeke pakadali pano ndipo zimatha kupanga ngakhale kutayika kwambiri kwa ma hormone.
Matenda a shuga 2 - amachititsa
Matenda oganiziridwa ali opatsa mphamvu, gawo lalikulu mu chitukuko chake limakhala ndi choloŵa choloŵa cholowa. Kafukufuku wamankhwala ku US wasonyeza kuti mtundu wa shuga wa mtundu wa 2 umapititsidwa kwa ana omwe ali ndi pafupifupi 40%. Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matendawa amadwala achibale kapena achibale awo, makamaka pazimayi.
Matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 angapezenso chifukwa cha moyo wosayenerera. Chiopsezo chikuwonjezeka motsatira maziko a zinthu zotsatirazi:
- kunenepa kwambiri ;
- kuchepa (hypodynamia);
- Zakudya zochepa m'thupi;
- Kutsata zakudya zopanda thanzi popanda matenda a leliac;
- Zakudya zamadzimadzi zowonjezera;
- matenda oopsa .
Matenda a shuga 2 - zizindikiro
Chithunzi cha kachipatala cha matendawa sichikudziwike kwa nthawi yayitali kapena zizindikiro zake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, choncho anthu amapita kwa katswiri wa zachipatala kale kumapeto kwa chikhalidwe cha matendawa kapena pakakhala mavuto. Matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri - zizindikiro:
- kunenepa kwambiri;
- ludzu nthawi zonse (polydipsia);
- mkamwa wouma ;
- minofu kapena kufooka kwakukulu;
- Kuthamanga kawirikawiri ndi kofala (polyuria);
- kuyabwa khungu ndi nyini;
- machiritso osafulumira mabala.
Matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 - matenda
Njira yaikulu yowonetsetsa kuti chitsimikizo cha matendawa chikupezeka ndi kukhalapo kwa chithunzithunzi, makamaka polydipsia ndi polyuria, ndi zotsatira za mayeso a labotale. Kuonjezera apo, dokotala akufunsa ngati pali mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga mu mbiri ya banja, kuphatikizapo nthawi yogonana (kubereka). Mofanana, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikuphunziridwa:
- kulemera kwa thupi;
- mlingo wa magazi;
- matenda aakulu a mitsempha ya mtima ndi endocrine;
- moyo wokhudzana ndi kuyenda;
- zizoloŵezi za zakudya.
Kusanthula matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2
Kafukufuku wamaphunziro amaonetsetsa kuti shuga ndi magazi ambiri. Pamaso pa hyperglycemia, mtundu wa shuga 2 umatsimikiziridwa - shuga wa magazi (venous kapena capillary) sayenera kupitirira 6.1 mmol / L pakusala kudya. Mu plasma, chiwerengerochi chimafika 7 mmol / l. Kuti tifotokoze zotsatirazo ndipo potsiriza tipeze mtundu wa shuga wa mtundu wa 2, njira zothandizira zimatengedwa pambuyo poyesedwa kulekerera. Ndi kuyerekezera deta pakufufuza pa mimba yopanda kanthu ndi maola awiri mutangotuluka shuga mu thupi.
Hyperglycemia imatsimikiziridwa ngati, pambuyo pa mphindi 120, msinkhu wa shuga:
- pamwamba pa 10 mmol / l mu mitsempha yonse komanso magazi 11.1 mmol / l capillary;
- oposa 11,1 mmol / l mu plasma yamagazi ndi 12,2 mmol / l ya capillary magazi.
Kuphatikizanso apo, mungagwiritse ntchito mapepala apadera apadera kuti mudziwe kukhalapo kwa shuga mu mkodzo. Pambuyo posindikiza gawo ili ndi reagents mu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, muyenera kuyembekezera pafupi mphindi imodzi ndikuyesa zotsatira. Ngati shuga mu mkodzo imakhalabe yochepa, mtundu wa mzere sukusintha. Ndi kuchulukitsitsa kwa shuga, chipangizocho chimajambulapo pansalu yamdima wobiriwira.
Chithandizo cha mtundu wa shuga 2 wa shuga
Matenda a matenda omwe akupezekawo amayamba nthawi zonse ndi machitidwe omwe amachititsa kuti adye zakudya komanso kulemera kwa thupi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito thupi. Kawirikawiri izi ndizokwanira kuchepetsa kupatsirana kwa matenda ndi kusamalira bwino matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 - mankhwala ndi kuchepa kwa zakudya komanso zakudya zimathandiza kuti thupi likhale lokhazikika komanso kuchepetsa kapangidwe ka shuga mu chiwindi cha chiwindi. Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha matendawa ndi kupezeka kwa mavuto, mankhwala apadera akulamulidwa.
Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga a mtundu wa shuga 2 - lembani
Pochepetsa kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi kungakhale magulu angapo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Mapiritsi ochokera ku mtundu wa shuga wa mtundu wa 2, pochepetsa kuchepetsa shuga, pali mitundu itatu:
- Zowonjezera (biguanides, thiazolidinediones) - kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa insulini;
- glucose assimilation blockers - kulepheretsa kuyamwa kwake m'matumbo;
- dongo ndi ma prandial regulator of glycemia - amachititsa kupanga insulini.
Kukonzekera mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri, womwe umapangitsa kuti thupi likhale ndi timadzi timeneti:
- Mchitidwe ;
- Gliket;
- Rosiglitazone;
- Bagomet;
- Zowononga;
- Siofor;
- Langerin;
- Zosakhalitsa;
- Panfor;
- Chitetezo ndi ena.
Mankhwala omwe amaletsa kuyamwa kwa shuga:
- Guarem;
- Acarbose;
- Glukobay;
- Voxid;
- Glinose ndi zofanana.
Matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 amachizidwa ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala otere a insulini:
- Amaryl;
- Maninil;
- Shuga MW;
- Nyenyezi;
- Glimepiride;
- Novonorm ndi ena.
Kodi insulini imaperekedwa liti kwa mtundu wa shuga wa mtundu wa 2?
Kukonzekera kwa ma hormone a kapangidwe kapena mafananidwe amadziwika ngati chakudya, kulemera kwake, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi kudya mankhwala osokoneza bongo sikuthandiza kuchepetsa matenda a glycemia. Insulini ya mtundu wa shuga 2 imayikidwa muzochitika zazikulu komanso pamaso pa zizindikiro:
- shuga wa magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu kuposa 15 mmol / l;
- thandizo lalikulu la opaleshoni;
- ketose;
- Kutaya kolemera mwamsanga;
- chowopsa kwambiri cha hyperglycemia ;
- matenda akuluakulu opatsirana, kuphatikizapo kuchepa kwa kayendedwe kamadzimadzimadzi;
- kupweteka kwa mtima;
- Kusagwidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza shuga;
- chidutswa;
- kupweteka;
- nthawi yochepa ya mavuto oopsa.
Kuchiza kwa mtundu wa shuga ndi mankhwala a anthu
Phytotherapy, yochitidwa mofanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, imathandiza kupanga kagayidwe ka shuga m'magazi, imachepetsanso mphamvu ya shuga m'magazi ndipo imapangitsa kuti thupi likhale ndi insulini. Kawirikawiri ndi bwino kuti tiyi iperekedwe kwa shuga ya mtundu wachiwiri. Masamba owuma, zimayambira ndi maluwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ayenera kumangidwanso mosavuta ndi madzi otentha (maola awiri a spoonful zipangizo 500 ml wa madzi). Chakumwa chokonzekera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga tiyi maulendo asanu pa tsiku.
Mankhwala a mtundu wa shuga 2 kuchokera ku Dandelion
Zosakaniza:
- udzu ndi mizu ya chomera (mu mawonekedwe owuma) - 6-10 g;
- madzi ndi 180-210 ml.
Kukonzekera, gwiritsani ntchito :
- Thirani zowonjezera ndi madzi otentha ndi wiritsani kwa mphindi khumi.
- Sungani yankho la theka la ora.
- Sungani msuzi.
- Imwani 1 tbsp. supuni katatu patsiku.
Katatu katatu
Zosakaniza:
- anyezi - 25 g;
- wathyola mtedza masamba - 25 g;
- udzu cuffs - 20-25 g;
- vodka - 450ml.
Kukonzekera, gwiritsani ntchito :
- Gawani vodiyumu ya vodka mu magawo 3 ofanana a 150 ml.
- Limbikitsaninso ndi anyezi (masiku asanu mumdima).
- Pasanathe sabata, khalani m'malo amdima masamba a mandni, odzaza ndi 150 ml ya vodka.
- Mu sabata, mofananamo, tsatirani udzu wa udzu.
- Sungani njira zonse.
- Sakanizani zakumwa zowonjezera: 150 ml anyezi, 60 ml mtedza ndi 40 ml zitsamba zamadzimadzi.
- Tengani 1 tbsp. supuni musanagone ndi mphindi 20 musanadye chakudya cham'mawa.
Thandizo losakaniza matenda a shuga
Zosakaniza:
- ndimu peel - 100 g;
- Peeled adyo - 300 g;
- mizu kapena masamba a parsley - 300 g.
Kukonzekera, gwiritsani ntchito :
- Gwiritsani ntchito chopukusira nyama zonse zowonjezera kapena kuziwaza mu blender.
- Gwiritsani ntchito gruel 2 masabata mufiriji.
- Katatu tsiku kuti mudye osakaniza 1 tsp kwa theka la ola musanadye chakudya. Mukhoza kumwa madzi ndi tiyi.
Kusakaniza kominoni
Zosakaniza:
- wokondedwa - 0,5 tsp kapena osachepera;
- ufa wa sinamoni - supuni 1;
- madzi ndi 180-220 ml.
Kukonzekera, gwiritsani ntchito :
- Thirani sinamoni pansi ndi madzi otentha.
- Kuumirira njira 30 minutes.
- Onjezani uchi ku madzi ndi kusonkhezera mpaka utasungunuka kwathunthu.
- Ikani mankhwala m'firiji kwa maola atatu.
- Imwani theka la yankho la theka la ola musanadye chakudya cham'mbuyo, ndi zina zotsala - musanagone.
Mtundu wa shuga 2 wamtunduwu umakhala woyenera chifukwa cha mankhwala a madzi. Kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi kumathandiza kuti mukhale watsopano kuchokera ku masamba awa:
- kaloti;
- Zipatso za Brussels;
- nyemba zobiriwira (katsitsumzukwa);
- saladi yamasamba;
- udzu winawake.
Matenda a shuga 2 - atsopano pochiza
Kusintha kwa njira zothandizira ndi kuteteza matenda omwe akukambidwa sikunakwaniritsidwebe. Gulu la asayansi a ku Sweden likukumana ndi chithandizo chatsopano cha mtundu wa shuga wa mtundu wa 2 ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi dzina la 2H10. Cholinga chake ndi kuteteza kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta m'thupi, kuphatikizapo mtima. Chifukwa cha ichi, chiwopsezo cha minofu kuti insulini iwonjezeke, ndipo msinkhu wa shuga mu magazi umakhala wamba. Mankhwala omwe amachititsa 2H10 ndi zotsatira zake akufufuzidwabe ku Sweden ndi Australia.
Matenda a shuga 2 - zakudya ndi zakudya
Mapangidwe abwino a zakudya amalingaliridwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa mfundo zazikulu za mankhwala. Zakudya za mtundu wa shuga 2 zimafuna kudya nthawi zambiri, njira yabwino ndi chakudya 6 pa tsiku. Ngati pali kunenepa kwambiri, zakudya zokhala ndi calorie yochepa zimalimbikitsidwa. Kwa amayi, ndalama zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku ndizochepa kwa 1000-1200, amuna - 1200-1600. Izi ndizofunikira, kalori yeniyeniyo imawerengedwa ndi dokotala yemwe akupezeka ndikuganizira za moyo, magalimoto komanso zochitika za thupi.
Mtundu wa shuga wa 2 - kodi sitingadye chiyani?
Kuchokera pa zakudya za wodwalayo ayenera kukhala zakudya zowonongedwa kwathunthu zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zakudya zabwino za mtundu wa shuga 2 zimaphatikizapo kuchepetsa kapena kupewa kumwa mowa. Mowa ndi gwero la zakudya zopanda kanthu "zopanda kanthu" ndipo zimalimbikitsa kulemera kwakukulu. Mukapatsidwa mankhwala osokoneza shuga, mowa ukhoza kupangitsa kuti thupi likhale lopweteka kwambiri.
Matenda a shuga mu mtundu wachiwiri samaphatikizapo:
- zipatso zouma;
- chokoleti;
- shuga;
- kupanikizana;
- ayisikilimu;
- kvass;
- macaroni;
- ufa uliwonse wopangidwa ndi ufa woyera;
- posachedwa;
- mphesa;
- nthochi.
Kodi mungadye chiyani ndi mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri?
Mtheradi wa hypoglycemic wa masamba a zamasamba wakhala ukuyesedwa, motero, chiwopsezo chachikulu chiyenera kuperekedwa mu zakudya. Chiwindi cha mtundu wa shuga 2 chimaphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
- mitundu yonse ya nsomba ndi nyama, kuphatikizapo mitundu ya mafuta;
- masamba alionse, mbatata, nandolo zobiriwira ndi nyemba za tirigu - zochepa;
- mazira;
- chipatso;
- bowa;
- mkaka ndi mkaka wowawasa mkaka;
- mdima, mkate wonse wa tirigu, ufa wophika ndi chimanga;
- zipatso;
- zipatso za citrus;
- mafuta a masamba (ochepa);
- mtedza.
Zovuta za mtundu wa shuga 2
Ngati zakudya ndi zithandizo zachipatala sizikulemekezedwa, ndipo kusowa kwa mankhwala okwanira, chiopsezo cha chitukuko cha zotsatira zowopsya ndi chokwanira. Matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 (operewera malipiro) amachititsa kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa mitsempha ya mtima, minofu komanso pakatikati. Matenda owonjezereka amachititsa kuwonongeka kwa impso, chiwindi ndi kugaya zakudya. Matenda osagwidwa ndi inshuwoni omwe amadalira shuga amakhala okhudzidwa ndi mavuto awa:
- nyamakazi - ululu wamphongo, kuchepetsa kuyenda kwawo;
- polyneuropathy - paresis, kufooka, polyneuritis;
- ma micro- ndi macroangiopathy - matenda a atherosclerosis, thrombosis, kupunduka kwa mitsempha ya magazi;
- nephropathy - glomerulosclerosis, chiwindi chosadziwika;
- kukhumudwa, kupsinjika maganizo, kuledzeretsa kachitidwe kakang'ono ka mitsempha;
- ophthalmopathy - cataract, retinal kuwonongeka;
- Matenda a matenda a shuga - zilonda pa miyendo, ziphuphu.