Maantibayotiki ndi gulu la zinthu zachibadwa ndi zachilengedwe zomwe zimatha kuchita ndi mphamvu zowononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso kuteteza kubereka kwawo. Tsopano pali mitundu yambiri ya maantibayotiki omwe ali ndi katundu wosiyana. Ambiri a iwo amaletsedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, chifukwa awonjezeka poizoni. Maantibayotiki onse amagawidwa m'magulu molingana ndi machitidwe awo ndi mankhwala.
Magulu akulu a antibiotic ndi awa:
- gulu la penicillin;
- gulu la cephalosporins;
- maantibayotiki a gulu lotchuka;
- maantibayotiki a gulu la tetracycline;
- maantibayotiki a gulu la aminoglycoside.
Ngati mwawapatsa mankhwala amphamvu ochizira mankhwala, mutatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi, mutha kudziwa kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe muli mankhwala anu, komanso momwe akugwiritsire ntchito bwino.
Maantibayotiki a gulu losakanikirana
Maantibayotiki a gulu lokhala ndi mavitamini ndi omwe amakhala oopsa kwambiri kwa thupi la munthu. Mankhwala omwe akuphatikizidwa m'gulu lino ali ndi maantimicrobial, bacteriostatic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda monga sinusitis, bronchitis, chibayo, syphilis, diphtheria ndi periodontitis. Ngati munthu ali ndi mavitamini amphamvu kwambiri, toxoplasmosis kapena mycobacteriosis, ndiye kuti imodzi mwa mankhwalawa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Mankhwala opha tizilombo a gulu lotsekemera saloledwa kuti anthu azitha kuchitapo kanthu. Simungathe kuwagwira panthawi yoyembekezera, kuyamwitsa. Anthu okalamba, komanso omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima, ayenera kusamala kuti adziwe mankhwalawa.
Maantibayotiki a gulu la penicillin
Ma antibayotiki a gulu la penicillin ndi mankhwala omwe angathe kuthana ndi kuyambira kwa maselo a bakiteriya, e.g. kuteteza kukula kwawo ndi kubereka. Mankhwala a penicillin ali ndi zothandiza kwambiri - amamenyana ndi matenda opatsirana, omwe amachititsa mkati mwa maselo a thupi, ndipo savulaza munthu amene amamwa mankhwalawo. Mankhwala omwe amapezeka ku antibiotic gulu la penicillin ndi "Amoxiclav." Zolakwitsa za gulu la penicillin zimaphatikizapo kuchotsedwa mwamsanga kwa thupi.
Maantibayotiki a gulu la cephalosporins
Cephalosporins ndi mbali ya mabakiteriya a beta-lactam ndipo mapangidwe ake amafanana ndi penicillin. Maantibayotiki a gulu la cephalosporin amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ambiri opatsirana. Maantibayotiki awa ali ndi phindu limodzi lofunika kwambiri: akulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe sagwirizana ndi penicillin. Magulu a antibiotic a cephalosporin amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a mpweya wopatsirana, mavitamini, matenda osiyanasiyana m'mimba.
Maantibayotiki a gulu la tetracycline
Ma antibayotiki a gulu la tetracycline ndiwo "Tetracycline", "Doxycycline", "Oxytetracycline", "Metacyclin". Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi mabakiteriya. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochuluka a antibiotic a tetracycline, ndizotheka kuwononga zotsatira zake monga
Maantibayotiki a gulu la fluoroquinolones
Magulu a antibiotic a gulu la fluoroquinolone amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda opatsirana a machitidwe a kupuma, ziwalo zobweretsera, ziwalo za ENT ndi matenda ena ambiri. Maantibayotiki a gulu ili akuphatikizapo "Ofloxacin", "Norfloxacin", "Levofloxacin".
Maantibayotiki a gulu la aminoglycoside
Maantibayotiki a gulu la aminoglycoside amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda aakulu. Sizimayambitsa matendawa, koma ndizoopsa kwambiri.