Kupewa kachirombo ka HIV

Mofanana ndi matenda ena, kachilombo ka HIV kamene kamakhala koyambitsa matendawa kamakhala koletsedwa bwino kuposa momwe amachitira pambuyo pake. Inde, panthawiyi, mwatsoka, mankhwala a matendawa sanapangidwe, omwe amachititsa kuti athe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu. Choncho, ndikofunikira kudziwa njira zonse zomwe zilipo komanso njira zoyenera kuti muteteze kachirombo ka HIV.

HIV: Matenda opatsirana ndi njira zothandizira anthu

Njira zodziwika za matenda:

1. Magazi a munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo amalowa magazi a munthu wathanzi.
2. Kugonana kosatetezeka.
3. Kuchokera kwa mayi wodwala kachilombo kupita kwa khanda (mkati mwa chiberekero, panthawi yopweteka kapena kuyamwa).

Njira yoyamba yopititsira patsogolo ikufala kwambiri pakati pa ogwira ntchito zachipatala, chifukwa Nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi magazi a odwala.

Kuyenera kudziŵika kuti kugonana kosatetezedwanso kumatanthawuza mitundu yambiri yogonana ndi yamlomo. Pa nthawi yomweyi, amai ali pachiopsezo chotenga kachilombo kusiyana ndi amuna, chifukwa nthata zambiri ndi ma selo a tizilombo amalowa mkati mwa thupi lachikazi.

Pamene kachirombo ka HIV kakufalikira kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana, mwanayo amatenga kachilomboka pa sabata la 8-10 la mimba. Ngati matendawa sanachitikepo, mwayi wodwala pa nthawi yolimbitsa thupi ndi waukulu kwambiri chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi amayi ndi mwana.

Njira zothetsera HIV:

1. Mauthenga a uthenga. Nthawi zambiri mauthenga amachenjeza za chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV, anthu ambiri amalingalira, makamaka achinyamata. Khama lapadera liyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa kukweza miyoyo yathanzi ndi kugonana, kugonjera mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
2. Kuletsa kubereka. Pakadali pano, kondomu imapereka chitetezo choposa 90% pa ingress ya madzi opatsirana pogonana m'thupi la munthu. Choncho, nthawi zonse muyenera kupewa njira zothetsera kulera.
3. Kutsekemera. Azimayi opatsirana sakulimbikitsidwa kuti akhale ndi ana, popeza chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV kwa mwana ndi chachikulu kwambiri ndipo madokotala sangathe kuchipulumutsa nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake ndi zofunika kuti mayi yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV adzichepetse ndikupitirizabe kukhala ndi banja.

Kupewa kugwira ntchito za HIV pakati pa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo

Madokotala ndi anamwino, komanso ogwira ntchito za laboratori, amakumana ndi zizindikiro za odwala (amaliseche, magazi, zobisala komanso ena). Chofunika kwambiri ndi kupewa kachilombo ka HIV pa opaleshoni ndi mavitamini, ma tek. mu dipatimenti iyi kuchulukanso kwa machitidwe kumachitika ndipo chiopsezo cha matenda chikuwonjezeka.

Ndondomeko yotengedwa:

• malo otetezeka kwambiri ogwira ntchito kuntchito pamene mukugwira ntchito ndi zitsanzo zamagazi, zida;
• gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zamankhwala zosavuta kuzipewa;
• Gwiritsani ntchito magolovesi a mphira okha;
• pamene mabala a khungu, abrasions kapena zilonda zikuwoneka pakhungu, sungani malo owonongeka ndi pulasitiki yomatira;
• Gwiritsani ntchito zovala zoteteza komanso zipangizo zina zoteteza;
• Nsalu zakuda ndi zowonongeka ndi madzi ochizira ziyenera kusankhidwa mwapadera chipinda, kuvala mwinjiro, magolovesi ndi chigoba;
• pamene mikhalidwe yomwe imaika chiopsezo cha matenda (kudula, kugunda magolovesi, magazi pa mucous membrane, ndi zina zotero) ayenera kufalitsa magazi pa chilonda ndikuyambitsa minofu yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi yankho la antiseptic;
• ngati chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV chikuwonjezeka kwambiri, chitetezo chotchedwa post-exposure prophylaxis cha HIV chikuchitika. Zimaphatikizapo kutenga mankhwala opatsirana pogonana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza HIV. Prophylaxis imeneyi iyenera kuyambitsidwa mkati mwa maola 24 oyambirira mutatha kutenga matenda, ndipo pasanathe maola 72. Kutenga mankhwala ndikofunikira mkati mwa masabata anayi.