Anthu adziphunzira kulima nthaka zaka zikwi zingapo zapitazo. Kuti adzipe chakudya chawo, oimira miyambo yakale ankagwiritsa ntchito njira zosavuta kwambiri za agrotechnical ndikulima zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zoyenera kudya. Patapita nthawi, ulimi wakhala ngati sayansi yowonjezereka. Ndipo lerolino, anthu adzigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zamakono.
Komabe, m'masiku athu, eni eni ambiri amakana kugwiritsa ntchito "chemistry" pofuna njira zambiri zachilengedwe. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mabedi ofunda, ulimi wodalirika ndi wodalirika, ndi zina zotero zikupezeka kuti zikudziwika. Izi sizinthu zatsopano, koma chipangizo cha agrotechnical, chodziwika kale kwambiri. Tiyeni tipeze tanthauzo lake ndi maonekedwe ake.
Chofunika kwambiri cha kudandaula
Ku zomera zotsalira mofulumira - zimaphatikizapo mpiru , mafuta radish, rapesed, yozizira rye , nandolo, lupine, vetch, clover, nyemba, etc. Zokolola izi sizimapereka mbewu mwachizoloŵezi kwa ife. M'malo mwake, amagwiritsa ntchito zobiriwira zawo - atatha kudula zimalowa m'nthaka yopindulitsa, ndipo nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mulch.
Pothandizidwa ndi anthu ogulitsa mbewu, nthaka ya maloyi imapangidwa ndi organic, nitrogen, phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi calcium. Mizu ya mbeu izi zimamasula nthaka, mudzaze ndi oxygen. Ndipo atatha kuyika pansi udzu wobiriwira, ukutha, umawonjezera chonde. Ciderates amagwiritsanso ntchito zakudya zakutchire: amaletsa kukula kwa udzu ndi serete alkaloid, zomwe zimaletsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mwachidule, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazitali kumathandiza kwambiri ndipo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'munda uliwonse. Zonsezi zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi teknoloji ya kusintha kochepa kwa mbewu. Pambuyo pokolola mbewu yaikulu, yomwe idakula pamtengowu, zomwe zimatchedwa kuti mbeu yapakati zimabzalidwa pamalo omwewo. Kenaka imatchetcha ndi kutsekedwa mu nthaka - nthawi ya izi zimadalira mtundu wa zomera komanso ngati zikutanthauza dzinja kapena masika.
Ndipo tsopano tidzamvetsetsa pamene kuli kofunika kufesa ndi nthawi yokumba mumbali.
Kodi ayenera kufesa liti?
Kufesa kumbali, monga tanenera kale, kumatsata mutatha kukolola mbewu yaikulu. Kawirikawiri iyi ndi nthawi, kuyamba ndi zaka khumi ndi zitatu za July ndi kutha ndi zaka khumi zoyambirira za August. Sikoyenera kuchepetsa kufesa ndi kubzala, popeza zomera izi ziyenera kupeza biomass yokwanira musanafike nyengo yozizira.
Kawirikawiri, ma syderates amafesedwa asanabzalidwe mbande za mbeu yaikulu, kumapeto. Pankhaniyi, zidutswazo sizinafufuzidwe, ndipo nthawi zina zimamera ndi mbande, ndiye kuti dothi lagona pabedi limamasulidwa ndipo limasungidwa ndi pamwamba.
M'dzinja, nyengo yozizira iyenera kufesedwa ngati mukukonzekera kuchoka m'munda m'nyengo yozizira.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, chikhalidwe chilichonse chosagwirizana chimakhala ndi kusiyana kwake. Pokonzekera kufesa kwawo, ndi bwino kufunsa musanayambe kubzala bwino, mwachitsanzo, nyemba mu masika kapena m'dzinja.
Ndikafunika kukumba pati?
Dulani ciderates, kawirikawiri isanayambe maluwa. Izi zimachitidwa ndi Fokine wopalasalala kapena wolima wamba. Nthaka pambuyo pa kudula kwazing'ono sizingapitirire, mopanda pake tanthauzo la ntchito yonse lidzasanduka zero.
Nthaŵi zowonongeka zimadalira nthawi ya kubzala:
- Zofesedwa zofesedwa kumayambiriro kasupe zimadulidwa osati kale kuposa May, pamene iwo
kufika pa siteji yoyenda; - Mbewu zobiriwira zobiriwira nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa ogulitsira m'mabedi a chaka chino, zimadulidwa ndi kuziikidwa maluwa asanayambe maluwa a mkungudza;
- Ngati mutabzala masitekiti mu kugwa, amatha kudulidwa musanafike chisanu, ndipo mungathe kuchoka mpaka masika.
Palinso njira ina yowonongera - alimi ena amalowa samadzaza msipu wobiriwira m'nthaka, koma, kudula ndi chodela chophwanyika, umusiye pomwepo pamabedi. Izi ndi zabwino makamaka ku dothi lachinyontho lodula - feteleza zobiriwira zimaphimba pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, kutetezera chapamwamba chapamwamba kuchokera ku leaching ya zakudya.