Lingaliro la "Janus" awiri akudziwikiratu kwa anthu ambiri monga phraseology, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa munthu wosadzikonda, awiri. Mwamwayi, ubwino wonse wa chikhalidwe chomwe chinapatsa dzina pa epithetyi, zonse zoiwalika ndi zosayembekezereka.
Janus akuyang'anitsitsa awiri - ndani uyu?
Mu nthano zakale zachiroma, mulungu wa nthawi Janus, wolamulira wa Latins, amadziwika. Kuchokera kwa mulungu wamphamvu yonse ya Saturn, adalandira mphamvu yodabwitsa kuona zam'mbuyo ndi zam'mbuyo ndipo mphatsoyi inavumbulutsidwa pamaso pa mulungu - adawonetsedwa ndi nkhope ziwiri zotsutsana. Choncho, dzina "nkhope ziwiri", "maso awiri". Mofanana ndi anthu onse otchuka a nthano, mfumu ya Latium - dziko la Rome - pang'onopang'ono inasanduka khalidwe "lopindulitsa":
- woyang'anira nthawi;
- woyang'anira zonse zopangira ndi zotsatira;
- mulungu wa chiyambi chirichonse ndi mapeto onse;
- wonyamula zabwino zonse ndi zoipa m'dziko lino.
Janus akuwona nkhope ziwiri
Asanapembedze Jupiter mu nthano zachiroma, malo ake adali ndi Janus - mulungu wa nthawi, amene adatsogolera tsikulo. Iye sanachite kanthu kalikonse panthawi ya ulamuliro wake m'mayiko achiroma, koma malinga ndi nthano iye anali ndi mphamvu pa zochitika zachilengedwe ndi woyang'anira onse ankhondo ndi ntchito zawo. Nthaŵi zina khalidwelo linawonetsedwa ndi makiyi m'manja mwake, ndipo dzina lake mu Latin limasuliridwa ngati "khomo".
Pali nthano yakuti, polemekeza maonekedwe awiriwo, mfumu yachiwiri yachiroma Numa Pompilius anamanga kachisi ndi chipilala cha mkuwa ndipo anatsegula zipata za malo opatulika nkhondo isanayambe. Kupyolera mu chipolopolocho adapereka asilikali omwe akukonzekera kupita ku nkhondo, ndipo adafunsa mulungu wopambana wa chigonjetso. Asirikali ankakhulupirira kuti abwenziwo adzakhala nawo pa nthawi ya nkhondo. Maonekedwe awiri aumulungu anali chizindikiro cha kupita patsogolo ndi kupambana kwachigonjetso. Zitseko za kachisi sizinatsekedwe panthawi ya nkhondo ndipo mwatsoka Ufumu wa Roma unangotsekedwa kawiri katatu.
Janus - Mythology
Mulungu Janus ndi mmodzi mwa akale kwambiri mu nthano zachiroma. Mwezi wa kalendala woperekedwa kwa iye ndi January ("anuary"). Aroma ankakhulupirira kuti anthu ophunzitsidwa awiriwo anali owerengera, chifukwa m'manja mwake munali zilembo zofanana ndi masiku a chaka:
- ku dzanja lamanja - 300 (CCC);
- kumanzere - 65 (LXV).
M'masiku oyambirira a chaka chatsopano, zikondwerero zinachitidwa polemekeza mulungu, mphatso zinkaperekedwa kwa wina ndi mzake ndi zipatso, vinyo, pies anaperekedwa nsembe, ndipo munthu wofunikira kwambiri mu boma anali mkulu wa ansembe yemwe anapereka nsembe yoyera ya ng'ombe yoyera kumwamba. Pambuyo pake, ndi nsembe iliyonse, monga kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi, mulungu wina wamatabwa anaitanidwa. Ankaonedwa kuti ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa ena onse a chi Roma ndipo sankazindikiridwa ndi anyamata onse a chi Greek.
Janus ndi Vesta
Chipembedzo cha mulungu wa nthawi sichinafanane ndi mulungu wamkazi Vesta, woyang'anira nyumba. Ngati Janus akukumana nawo kwambiri adalumikiza zitseko (ndi zina zonse zolowera ndi zochokera), ndiye Vesta adasunga kuti anali mkati. Ananyamula mphamvu yowongoka yamoto m'nyumba. Chovala chinapatsidwa malo pakhomo la nyumba, kunja kwa chitseko, chomwe chimatchedwa "vestibulum." Mkazi wamkazi amatchulidwanso pa nsembe iliyonse. Kachisi wake anali pamsonkhano wosiyana ndi kachisi wa nkhope ziwiri ndipo mkati mwake kunali moto nthawi zonse.
Janus ndi Epimetheus
Mulungu wachiroma Janus ndi titan Epimetheus, yemwe anakhala woyamba kulandira mtsikana kuchokera ku Zeus, samagwirizana ndi nthano, koma mainawo amatchula mayina awiri satelliti, omwe ali pafupi kwambiri. Mtunda wa pakati pa mwezi wachisanu ndi wachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi 50 km. Woyamba satetezi, wotchedwa "mulungu awiri", adapezedwa ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo mu 1966, ndipo patapita zaka 12 zapezeka kuti nthawi yonseyi pali zinthu ziwiri zomwe zikuyendayenda mozungulira. Choncho, Janus amene akukumana nawo ambiri ndi mwezi wa Saturn, ali ndi nkhope ziwiri.
Anali mulungu wamkulu wa dziko lachiroma, Janus nkhope ziwiri, analipo mosawoneka mwa milungu yonse yozungulira ndipo anawapatsa mphamvu zopanda mphamvu. Anali wolemekezeka ngati wolemekezeka, wolamulira wolungama, wosunga nthawi. Maonekedwe awiriwa anataya udindo wake ndikuupereka kwa Jupiter, koma izi sizitsutsa makhalidwe abwino. Lero, dzina limeneli silingatchulidwe moyenera kuti ndi otsika, anthu onyenga, onyenga, koma Aroma akale sanapange lingaliro limeneli msilikali uyu.