Anthu akhoza kuchita mosiyana ndi zochitika zomwezo, chifukwa aliyense ali ndi zifukwa zake. Chimodzi mwa maphunziro ofunikira kwambiri ndikuphunzira kuwerenga maganizo, omwe amalingalira mbali zosiyanasiyana za chitukuko.
Lingaliro la zaka mu psychology
Kuti muwone bwinobwino za kukula kwa umunthu, kutengera kumayambira pa magawo a moyo. Zingaganizidwe mothandizidwa ndi njira 4 zowunika zaka zamoyo.
- Zamoyo - zimachokera ku mapangidwe a thupi.
- Maganizo - pogwiritsa ntchito maonekedwe a khalidwe.
- Mibadwo yaumphawi ili mu psychology kuchuluka kwa kuvomereza maudindo ndi ntchito.
- Kuwonetsa thupi kumawonetsa kokha nthawi yomwe amakhalako.
Kuchokera pakuwona biology, wina akhoza kugawa njira ya moyo ku magawo otsatirawa:
- ana - mpaka zaka 16;
- anyamata - zaka 16-21;
- okhwima - mpaka zaka 60;
- okalamba - kuyambira zaka 60.
Childhood Psychology
Zitsanzo za khalidwe la moyo wamtsogolo zimayikidwa kuchokera pachiyambi. Chifukwa cha ichi, maganizo a ana a zaka zapitazo amapereka kupereka zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri. Ochita kafukufuku wamakono amakhulupirira kuti mwanayo amayamba kudziŵa dziko lapansi asanabadwe, choncho, aphunzitsi a sukulu amatha kumaliza sukulu ya pulayimale, ndipo ndi makolo okha omwe ali ndi udindo woyenera.
Pali lingaliro lakuti ana osakwana zaka zitatu amangotenga zomwe zikuchitika, ndipo akafika pa nthawi yosinthika ayamba kale kuyesa dziko lozungulira iwo. Izi zikudziwika ndi chiyambi cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo. Kenaka kusinthika kwa maganizo a msinkhu wokalamba kumakula kwambiri, ndipo kumvetsetsa zizindikiro zobwera kumawonekera. Ali ndi zaka zisanu, ana amasangalala ndi zomwe zimayambitsa zochitika, panthawiyi mantha amabadwa.
Pambuyo polowera sukulu palinso kusintha kwakukulu komwe kumagwirizana ndi kupezeka kwa zizindikiro zatsopano. Maganizo amodzi akadali otetezedwa, koma ndikumvetsetsa kwazomwe zimayambira kugwirizana kumayambira. Pang'onopang'ono, ana amazindikira kuti ali ndi umunthu komanso amafuna kufotokoza. Ndikofunika kuti makolo azithandizira, kutsogolera zotsatira.
Psychology ya unyamata
Panthawi imeneyi, chikhumbo chodziwonetsera nokha ndi kutsimikizira ufulu kumadutsa pachimake. Zaka zakubadwa za zaka zaunyamata zimakuvutani chifukwa cha ubwino wa zochitikazo: munthu akhoza kale kupanga zisankho zanzeru, komabe akusowa chisamaliro cha achibale ndi chitsogozo chawo. Chilakolako chofuna kukhala ndi moyo wambiri chimaphatikizidwa ndi malingaliro oipa. Age psychology imalimbikitsa pa nthawi ino kuti apange mchitidwe wapadera wa khalidwe kuti munthu asamverere kukhala wolekerera ndi ufulu ndipo angathe kuzindikira malangizo.
Psychology of Age Old Age
Panthawi imeneyi, pali maluwa ochuluka komanso mavuto ambiri. Age psychology, msinkhu wokalamba, amawona malo oyamba, omwe alipo mwayi ndi kuyendetsa anthu oyandikana nawo, ndikupitiriza kukula kwawo. Nkhondo zakhala zikukonzekera kuti adzalumphire mu zauzimu, zaluntha, masewera opanga, ndipo pali chidwi chenicheni pa izi.
Pakati pa nthawi zabwino, kuwerenga maganizo kwa zaka zambiri kumapatsa mwayi mwayi wopereka chidziwitso kwa achinyamata, kukulitsa kudzidzimva. Muzosautsa, pakubwera nthawi ya kutha, kuwonongeka, kumizidwa mu zovuta zowonongeka. Kukhwima kumadziwika ndi kukhazikika, komwe kumaphatikizana ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi kulondola kwa chisankho chopangidwa ndi kukwaniritsa zomwe zingatheke.
Psychology ya okalamba
Mukakalamba, kusintha kumachitika pamagulu onse. Kuwonongeka kwa thanzi, kupuma pantchito, kuchepetsa kulankhulana kumabweretsa chithunzithunzi chopanda phindu. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwokhoza kusintha, nthawi yochuluka ya nthawi yaulere imapangitsa kusasamala, kumachepetsa chikhumbo cha kuphunzira chinachake chatsopano. Thandizo pa nthawi ino ikhoza kukhala pafupi, kupereka mwayi kwa munthu wachikulire kuti amvekenso kuti ndi wothandiza.
Pambuyo pa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, malingaliro a moyo amasintha, anthu amalephera kuyang'ana kuoneka, akuwonetsa thanzi ndi chikhalidwe cha mkati. Phindu la moyo limatuluka, kukhala wodekha ndi luntha zimaonekera. Kufooka kwa ulamuliro kumasonyeza zinthu zomwe zinali zobisika kale, choncho nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa kuti khalidwe la munthu wachikulire lasintha kwambiri.
Age psychology - mavuto
Pa gawo lililonse la chitukuko, munthu ayenera kuthana ndi kutsutsana kwapakati kapena mavuto okhudzana ndi zaka. Kupyolera mu zochitika zazikuluzikulu zimapambana zonse, koma ena akukumana ndi mavuto aakulu ndi kusintha kwabwino kupita ku malo atsopano achikulire. Age psychology imaphatikizapo kuphunzirira zovuta zoterozo, kugawira gawo lililonse la chitukuko kuyambira chimodzi mpaka zisanu zizindikiro. Zotchuka kwambiri ndizochitika zaka 3, 7, 13, 17, 30 ndi 40.
Vuto la zaka zitatu ali ndi zaka zapakati pa zaka za mwana
Kusokonezeka kwa zaka kwa ana alibe malire, siteji "Ine ndekha" imayamba pafupi zaka zitatu, koma tsopano nthawi zambiri mipiringidzo yake imakhala zaka ziwiri. Panthawiyi, mwanayo akusiya thandizo la akuluakulu, akuyesera mphamvu zawo. Amakhala wopanda nzeru komanso wopanikizana, makolo amayenera kukambirana nawo za zinthu zomwe poyamba zinkaperekedwa. Zifukwa za kusintha kumeneku ndizokwanira kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yophweka, kuwonjezereka chidwi ndi chidziwitso komanso kupeza mwayi wothandizira chilengedwe.
Mwanayo amawona kuti nthawi zambiri samasowa thandizo la akuluakulu ndi kudzidalira kwake amayesa kupereka zonsezo. Choncho chilakolako chochita chilichonse motsutsana ndi makolo omwe amayesa kuthetsa ufulu wake. Kawirikawiri ana amayesa kunena kuti ndi ofunika, popanda kulola mayi awo kunja, akungofuna kuti asakhudze zidole zake. Ngati pali ana ambiri, ndiye kuti nsanje imayambanso, chifukwa amafunika kugawa mphamvu zawo.
Age psychology - vuto la mwana wa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri
Kusintha kwotsatira kwa chikhalidwe kumakhudzana ndi kulowa sukulu, panthawiyi mwanayo amayamba kumvetsetsa kukhalapo kwa maudindo komanso kuyesa payekha. Mavuto a ubwana amasonyeza kuzindikira kwadzidzidzi. Zaka zitatu zinkangoganizira zokhazokha, ndipo woyambayo akuyamba kuzindikira kuti dziko lake la pansi ndilokhalokha popanda makolo ake. Mwanayo amayamba kuzindikira kuti ali ndi udindo, akhoza kusewera pokhapokha atakwanitsa ntchito yake.
Panthawi imeneyi, thupi limasintha, lomwe limatsegula mwayi watsopano. Mwana sangakhulupirire kuti kamodzi kokha analibe mphamvu ndipo amakhulupirira nkhani zabodza. Chifukwa chake, zisudzo zapikisano zomwe mumakonda zimatayidwa kunja kuti musamawone zikumbutso za nthawi imeneyo. Pali chidwi pa chirichonse chomwe chatsopano ndi chosamvetsetseka, chomwe chimachititsa nsanje chifukwa chokhala chete ndi zokambirana za makolo chifukwa chokayikira kuti mfundo yofunikira kwambiri yabisika kwa iye. Ndi nthawi yoti mudziwe kudziletsa kuti muwonetsere malingaliro abwino ndikuletsa kuchitapo kanthu kwakukulu.
Age psychology - vuto la zaka 13
Izi ndizovuta zaunyamata , pomwe pali njira yatsopano yolingalira motengera malingaliro. Mawu ovomerezeka sali okwanira, lingaliro lirilonse limafuna umboni womwe udzafanizidwe ndi malingaliro ako. Pali chidwi pa mafunso a filosofi, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kumvetsetsa, motero zojambula zamitundu yonse zimakhala zokondweretsa kwambiri. Zina mwa zowonetsa zoipa zingakhale ndi chikhumbo chosowa, kusakhutira ndi nkhawa.
Age psychology - vuto la zaka 17
Kusintha kwa munthu kukhala wamkulu kumapangitsanso zopinga zambiri, chimodzi mwazo ndizo mavuto aunyamata. Panthawi imeneyi, kuvomereza komaliza kwa ntchito yawo, kuphatikizapo kusankha ntchito. Kusokonezeka kwina kwa achinyamata kumakhalabebe, chilakolako champhamvu kwambiri chowonetsera ufulu, kuyesa dzanja lawo kuti apeze umboni wofunika.
Age psychology - mavuto zaka 30
Pang'onopang'ono, khalidwe lachichepere la khalidwe limasiya kukhulupirira, kutsegula mavuto atsopano. Kumabwera kumvetsetsa kwa kukhalapo kwa msewu wokhotakhota, pali kukayikira za kulondola kwake, pakhoza kukhala kuzindikira za mwayi wophonyezedwa. Kawirikawiri panthawiyi pali kusintha kwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri, anthu akuyesetsa kukwaniritsa. Ngati simungathe kusintha mikhalidwe yawo, mikhalidwe yovuta , kusowa tulo, kutopa kwanthawi yaitali, kuwonjezeka kwa nkhaŵa.
Age psychology - vuto la zaka 40
Psychology, vuto la zaka makumi anai limawoneka ngati kusintha kwa moyo. Nthawi ino ya kukula kwa makhalidwe awo, munthu akumva kukwaniritsidwa kwathunthu, amasiya kutseguka kwa atsopano. Vutoli limakhalapo pazothetsa mavuto osatha kuthetsa zaka 30, kukakamiza kuti apeze tanthauzo la kukhalapo. Kawirikawiri ntchito zosakanikirana ndi mavuto a m'banja, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi kutha kwa chithandizo kwa ana ndi achibale awo akuluakulu, sagwira ntchito.