Zima tirigu

Zima tirigu ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zamtengo wapatali komanso zapadziko lonse lapansi. Mtengo wa tirigu umatsimikiziridwa ndi zomwe zili mafuta, mapuloteni, chakudya ndi zinthu zina ndi ma microelements mmenemo. Ndi mlingo wa mapuloteni, ndi nyengo yozizira yomwe imadutsa mbewu zina zonse.

Monga momwe tikudziwira, ufa wa tirigu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mkate, m'makampani ogulitsa zakudya, umatulutsa pasta, semolina. Njere zimapanga wowuma, mowa ndi zina zotero. Ndipo kutaya mowa mwauchidakwa ndi mafakitale ophikira ufa kumakhala chakudya chamtengo wapatali kwa zinyama.

Mitengo yozizira yosiyanasiyana

Lero ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa tirigu, umene uli ndi mitundu yoposa 250 ndi mitundu zikwi zingapo. Ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tirigu wozizira:

• "Rosinka Tarasovskaya";
• "Kutchuka";
• "Nemchinovskaya-24";
• "Kazembe wa Don";
• "Moscow-39";
• "Tarasovo akuwomba";
• "Lyubava Odesskaya";
• "Ukrainka Poltava",
• "Lada Odessa";
• "Mironovskaya 65";
• "Mironovskaya 66";
• "Lelya";
• "Kharkov 105".

Kawirikawiri, nyengo yozizira imagawidwa ndi mphamvu ya ufa mu:

1. Tirigu wolimba ndi tirigu wofewa ndi mapuloteni apamwamba, gluten wa gulu loyamba lapamwamba, lomwe limapereka mkate wochuluka wa porous. Kupititsa patsogolo chakudya cha tirigu wochepa.
2. Avereji tirigu - okhala ndi mapuloteni ochepa komanso a gluten (gulu lachitatu la khalidwe). Kawirikawiri, imakhala ndi zophika zabwino, koma sizingapangitse ufa wokhala ndi tirigu wofooka.
3. Tirigu wochepa kwambiri ali ndi mapuloteni komanso a gluten. Mphamvu kuchokera kwa ilo imapereka mkate wa khalidwe losauka ndi pang'onopang'ono ndi voliyumu yaing'ono.
4. Tirigu ofunikira - ndi ubwino wa tirigu uli pafupi ndi mphamvu, koma sizikugwirizana ndi magawo angapo.

Kukula kwa tirigu wozizira

Chifukwa cha mizu yofooka, nyengo yachisanu imakhala yovuta kwambiri kwa oyambirira ake, komanso kukonzekera kwa nthaka, chilengedwe chake. Okonzeratu abwino ndi oyambirira kukolola zomera: nyemba, chimanga , buckwheat, rapesed, mbatata oyambirira ndi yakucha, oats .

Kukonzekera kwa nthaka musanafese tirigu wozizira kumakhala kulima ndi harrows kapena amphaka. Pamwamba pake pangakhale bwino - kutalika kwa mitsinje pambuyo polima sikungapitirire 2 cm.Zomwezi zidzaonetsetsa kuti kufalitsa kwa yunifolomu ndi kukula komweko kwa mbeu.

Popeza nyengo yozizira ya tirigu imakhala yosangalatsa kwambiri ku mlingo wa zakudya m'nthaka ndi acidity, nkofunika kuti musanayambe kuthira manyowa, kupereka mavitamini ndi zakudya, komanso kusunga pH ya 6.5-7. Monga feteleza zimagwiritsa ntchito organic, phosphoric-potassium pamwamba kuvala, ndi kumayambiriro kwa nyengo kuwonjezera nayitrogeni feteleza.

Zomwe zimafesa nyengo yozizira zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana ndi nyengo, koma pa nthawiyi nyengoyi imakhala pa September 10-20. Njira yofesa - mzere wokhala ndi mzere wosachepera 15 cm.

Spring ndi nyengo yozizira tirigu - kusiyana

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu iyi ya tirigu ndi nthawi ya kufesa. Choncho, nyengo yozizira imafesedwa kuyambira autumn ndipo zokolola zimakololedwa m'chilimwe. Pamene nyengo ya tirigu imafesedwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, ndipo zokolola zimakololedwa m'dzinja la chaka chomwecho.

Zima mitundu kumera pamaso yozizira, m'chaka iwo akupitiriza kukula kwawo ndi okhwima kwambiri kuposa kale kasupe mitundu. Monga lamulo, mitundu yozizira imabereka zokolola zambiri, koma zimatha kukula m'madera okha ndi nyengo yachisanu ndi nyengo yofatsa. Popanda chivundikiro cha chisanu, tirigu amangozizira.

Momwe mungasankhire zokolola za m'nyengo yachisanu kuchokera ku tirigu wa kasupe: nyengo ya tirigu imakhala yosasana ndi chilala ndipo imakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino, ngakhale kuti ndi osabala. Zima tirigu ndi zovuta kwambiri ku dothi.

Zima za tirigu zimakula m'chigawo cha Central Black Earth, kumpoto kwa Caucasus komanso ku gombe lamanja la Volga. Spring - mumzinda wa Urals, Siberia ndi Trans-Volga.