Maluwa - chokongoletsera cha nyumba ndi infield. Chaka chilichonse wamaluwa amadziwa mitundu yatsopano yokongola ndi zomera komanso amadziwa njira zowonjezera mbewu zosowa.
M'nkhani ino, tikambirana za bakop - ndikukuuzeni za kukula kwa mbewu ndi zodziwikiratu za kusamalira maluwa okongola kwambiri a ku South Africa. Mpaka pano, kuwonjezera pa chikhomo choyera cha mtundu, pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyana - nsalu, buluu, pinki, wachikasu, buluu, wofiira, wofiirira. Koma chomera chokhala ndi maluwa oyera ndi chokhazikika kwambiri, chodzichepetsa komanso chosagonjetsedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zochitika kunja. Kuonjezera apo, mitundu yambiri ya bakopa imakhala yochepa komanso perepylyatsya, kutembenuza zaka zingapo kuchokera ku mitundu mpaka mtundu.
Bacopa: kubzala ndi kusamalira
Bakopa (sutera) ndi chomera chosachepera chokhazikika ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono osachepera asanu ndi awiri (pafupifupi masentimita awiri) omwe amafalikirabe kuyambira masika (March) mpaka autumn (Oktoba). Nthawi zambiri bakop amakula ngati chomera chamamera (mipanda yokongoletsera, zipilala, makoma a nyumba, zipinda zamatabwa ndi mabotolo), komanso zimakhala zabwino ngati chivundikiro cha nthaka chosadzichepetsa komanso chosatha. Ngati mukufuna, mumphika umodzi ndi bakop mungathe kukula mitundu ina ya ampelian: petunias, nasturtiums, fuchsias, lobelia, ndi isgatum. Pakalowa pansi, nyama yankhumba imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera chokongola, ndikupanga chophimba chobiriwira kuzungulira pakati pa chomeracho. Ubwino wa chomeracho umaphatikizapo kukana mvula yam'tsogolo - nyama yankhumba siitaya chidwi chake ngakhale m'mikhalidwe yotereyi. Komanso, ngakhale kulibe maluwa, zomera zimakhala zokongoletsera, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwazing'ono kwambiri zobiriwira masamba.
Chinthu choyamba chofuna kudziwa yemwe akufuna kukula maluwa okongola awa ndi momwe angabweretse bakopu. Ndipotu, kubzala bwino kumapangitsa kukula mbande zabwino, zomwe zimatanthawuza zomera zathanzi ndi zokongola. Kubzala nyama yankhumba ndi ntchito yosavuta, koma pano, monga muzochitika zina zilizonse, munthu ayenera kutsatira ndondomeko yake ya zochita.
Choyamba, muyenera kusankha nthaka yoyenera. Kwa bakopa, osakaniza pang'ono (peat ndi munda nthaka 1: 1) ndi abwino. Polima miphika, mufunikanso kuwonjezera humus ndi mchenga (magawo awiri payekha) kwa osakaniza. Nkofunikanso kuonetsetsa kuti madzi abwino akuyendetsedwa bwino, monga momwe madzi akugwiritsira ntchito madzi amakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pamkhalidwe wa mizu.
Thirani bakop ayenera kukhala kawirikawiri, koma pang'onopang'ono, osalola kuyanika kapena madzi a nthaka. Nthaŵi ndi nthawi, chomeracho chiyenera kudyetsedwa ndi madzi ovuta mchere feteleza.
Malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana, mtunda wa pakati pa zomera uyenera kukhala pakati pa 10 ndi 25 masentimita (pamwamba pa chomeracho, malo owonjezerako adzafunika).
Pamalo otseguka pakhomo akhoza kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo, poopseza kuti chisanu chimachoka.
Koposa zonse, bakop imakula pa dzuwa, malo otetezedwa. Kukula mu penumbra ndi kotheka, koma kumbukirani: ndizing'ono dzuwa, mitundu yochepa. Ndi mthunzi wathunthu, nyama yankhumba imatambasula ndipo ena amatha kukongoletsa.
Kwa wintering, nyama yankhumba imabisala pamalo ozizira (ozizira mpweya wa 8-15 ° C). Chomeracho chimatha kupirira maofesi ang'onoang'ono mpaka -5 ° C. Nthawi yozizira m'nyumbamo yotentha kwambiri, matenda amayamba kuwonjezeka - imvi zowola, bowa wakuda, mphukira zimatha kutambasula ndi kuvulala.
Kodi ndikufunikira kutsitsa chidebe?
Kuphimba nyama yankhumba sikoyenera, koma kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mitundu, kotero ndi yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa florists.
Zimapangidwa molingana ndi classical scheme - pa achinyamata amawombera kukula kukula ndi pinched, zomwe zimalimbikitsa chitukuko cha ofananira nawo ndondomeko ndi maluwa. Mukhoza kutsitsa mphukira pa kutalika kulikonse.
Bacopa: kubereka
Chomerachi chikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana: kufesa mbewu kapena cuttings.
Njira ya kubereka imaphatikizapo kukukula kupyolera mu mbande, kulunjika mwachindunji m'nthaka ya bacon sikumakula.
Mbewu ndizochepa, mu 1 gramu kuposa mbewu zikwi zisanu. Kumera kumatenga zaka 2-3.
Kuyamera kwa mbewu zing'onozing'ono, kuwala, kuwala, chinyezi, ndi nthaka zowonongeka ndizoyenera. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kumera ndi 20-23 ° C. Pa kutentha pansi pa 18 ° C, mbewu sizimera. Mbewu siziyenera kutsekedwa kwambiri - zikukula bwino, ndi bwino kuzigwiritsira ntchito pang'onopang'ono panthaka. Pa chifukwa chomwecho, n'zosatheka kuphika miphika ndi mbewu zobala ndi zipangizo zosafunika - popanda kuwala, mbewu sizidzawuka. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa mpweya kumatulutsa nthawi.
Mphukira zoyamba zimaoneka pa tsiku la 10-14.
Pakati pa tsamba limodzi kapena awiri, kukamba koyamba (2 cm pakati pa zomera) kumachitika. Kuyambira nthawi ino, nthawi zonse feteleza ndi feteleza yosinthidwa (50% ya chikhalidwe chofotokozedwa mu malangizo) amafunika.
Pakasankhidwa kachiwiri, zidutswa zimayikidwa mu makapu osiyana (ndi dzenje lakuda). Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kuwonjezera zochitika mu gawo lapansi ndi mfundo imodzi. Pambuyo posankha kachiwiri, zomera zimayamba kuuma, pang'onopang'ono kutentha kutentha kuchokera 22-23 ° C mpaka 15-22 ° C masana ndi 13-15 ° C usiku.
Kodi mungadye bwanji chidebe?
Madzi a bakops akuchitika mu Januwale-March ndi mu August-September. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani mphukira yathanzi, yang'anani
Chidebe chokhala ndi cuttings chiyenera kuikidwa kumalo ozizira omwe amatha kutentha (akhoza kuphimbidwa ndi phukusi ndikuyika malo otentha). Mitengo yozika mizu yabzalidwa pansi (malo osatha) kumayambiriro kwa May.
Mitundu yoyera ya bakop imakula bwino.