- Adilesi: Vatican City, Cortile del Belvedere
- Foni: +3960669879411
- Webusaiti yamtundu: www.vaticanlibrary.va
Chochititsa chidwi cha Vatican ndi mabuku a Atumwi a Vatican, laibulale yamtengo wapatali imene imagwiritsa ntchito mipukutu ya Middle Ages ndi ya Renaissance. Papa - Nicholas V anayambitsa laibulale m'zaka za m'ma XV. Zolembedwa zamabukuli zimakonzanso nthawi zonse, ndipo lero mabuku oposa hafu ndi theka, malemba olembedwa zikwi zana limodzi makumi asanu, zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu mphambu mazana atatu, zolemba zolembedwa zoposa zikwi zana, ndalama zasiliva mazana atatu ndi ndondomeko. Buku la Vatican Apostolic Library liri ndi sukulu yophunzitsira sayansi ya laibulale, labotala yomwe makope a zokololawo akubwezeretsedwa.
Kodi laibulale inasintha bwanji ndikukula?
Sungani zojambula za laibulale yomwe inayamba m'zaka za m'ma IV. Chochitikachi chikukhudzana ndi dzina la Papa Damasko I. Poyamba zikalatazo zinasungidwa mu zolemba, ndipo m'zaka za m'ma VI oyambirira oyimilira mabukuwa adasankhidwa. M'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, Vatican Apostolic Library inkafunkhidwa mobwerezabwereza, zolemba zambirizo zinatayika mosakayika.
Womwe anayambitsa laibulale ya Vatican yomwe tsopano ilipo akuonedwa kuti ndi Papa Nicholas V. Oyang'anira ake adasonkhanitsanso ndikusunga ntchito zamtengo wapatali, koma ndi Papa Nicholas V yemwe adawonjezera ndalama zaibulaleyi, makamaka chifukwa cha zolemba zake. Mawonetsero a laibulale anapezeka kwa anthu onse mu 1475, ndipo anali oposa zikwi ziwiri ndi theka zikwi. Kuti mudziŵe zolembazo analoledwa pokhapokha pansi pa kuyang'anitsitsa kwa woyang'anira mabuku.
Pansi pa Papa Leo X, Laibulale ya Vatican inapeza mipukutu yambiri, popeza iye ankaganiza kuti adzabweretsa ndikuwonjezeranso zokololazo monga ntchito yake yaikulu. Mu 1527, laibulaleyi inakhalanso yoonongeka, yoonongeka, ndipo malemba ambiri anawonongedwa. Papa Sixtus V anaganiza zosamukira laibulale kupita ku malo atsopano. Mlengi wina dzina lake Domenico Fontana anamanga nyumba imene Vatican Apostolic Library inakhazikitsidwa. Zinali zazikulu kwambiri kuposa kale ndipo makabati ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungirako ziwonetsero.
Pambuyo pa zaka za XVII, chikhalidwe chinkawoneka kuti chikuvomereza kusonkhanitsa anthu ndi anthu achifumu monga mphatso. Vatican Apostolic Library Foundation inakwaniritsidwanso chifukwa cha mipukutu yomwe inabedwa pa nthawi ya nkhondo m'mayiko ena. Pankhani imeneyi, ziyenera kutchulidwa Mfumukazi ya ku Sweden Christina, yemwe adapatsa mabukuwa mabuku ambiri osangalatsa omwe anasonkhanitsidwa ndi iye ndi bambo ake m'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za XVIII, Clement XI anapita patsogolo ndi ulendo wopita ku Syria ndi Egypt, kuti apindule ndi kubwezeretsanso magulu a laibulale. Zaka zoposa 150 zinapezeka zomwe zinakongoletsera zolemba za Vatican Library.
Kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali a Napoleon kunali gawo lina mmbuyo pa chitukuko cha laibulale, popeza makopi ambiri a mndandandawo adagwidwa ndi kutulutsidwa kunja kwa dziko. Pambuyo pake, zambiri zaba zinabwezeretsedwa ku Vatican.
Chaka cha 1855 chinakhala chofunika kwambiri ku Library ya Vatican, popeza chosonkhanitsacho chinaphatikizapo mabuku a Count Chikonyar ndi malemba a Cardinal May, omwe anali oposa 1,500.
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa laibulale chinali chisankho cha Papa Leo XIII, wokonzanso wamkulu. Ndi amene anatsegula zipinda zowerengera ndikupanga mabuku osindikizidwa. Anakhazikitsa labotolo yobwezeretsa, ndipo anayamba kukhazikitsa malamulo a zolemba zamanja, zomwe zikugwiranso ntchito lerolino. Papa Leo XIII anawonjezera kwambiri chiwerengero cha ziwonetsero za Vatican Apostolic Library ku Vatican.
Ntchito zomwe Library ya Vatican ikuitanidwa kuti izindikire:
- kusunga chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe chimene chinaperekedwa kwa icho;
- Bweretsani zosonkhanitsa ndi mitundu yonse ya ziwonetsero;
- kafukufuku wa sayansi
- zosinthidwa;
- kuyanjana ndi anzanu ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.
Timapita paulendo kudzera m'mabwalo a laibulale
Buku la Vatican Apostolic Library ndi lalikulu komanso losavuta limagawidwa m'mabwalo akuluakulu. Mu 1611 holo inaonekera, yotchedwa holo ya ukwati ya Aldobrandini. Lili ndi fresco yomweyi, yomwe imasonyeza ukwati wa Alexander Wamkulu ndi Roxanne. Komanso muholoyi amasungidwa ndi mafano ena akale, okhudzana ndi IV BC. e. Mu nyumba yosungiramo gumbwa amasungidwa "Ravensky papyri" Muholoyi amasonyezedwa ndi cubes zagolidi ndi zithunzi za moyo wa anthu a nthawi imeneyo.
Mu 1690 Hall ya Alexander inatsegulidwa. Frescos akukongoletsa makoma a chipinda, akukamba za moyo ndi imfa ya Papa Pius. Ponena za moyo ndi pontificate wa Papa Paul V akuuza holo ziwiri zomwezo. Nyumba yosungira ya Library ya Palatine ndi Urban VIII Gallery. Komanso pafupi ndi mawindo a chipinda chino mukhoza kuona zojambula zakuthambo.
Nyumbayi, yomwe idakonzedwa ndi Akristu oyambirira, inatsegulidwa mu 1756. Zomwe anapeza ku Etruscans ndi Aroma akale ali mu Museum of Art of the Vatican Apostolic Library. Malowa, omwe anali ndi zombo ndi zotengera, amatchedwa Pius V. Chapel. Zisonyezero ndi zosangalatsa kwambiri, zambiri zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Nyumbayi ya Clement imakongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi za Angelis wojambula, akuwonetsera masomphenya kuchokera ku moyo wa Pius VII.
Nyumba yosungiramo mipukutu ndi mabuku imatchedwa Sistine salon. M'nyumbayi muli mafano olemera kwambiri omwe akuwonetsera malaibulale a kale lomwe. Zithunzi zimaphatikizidwa ndi zizindikiro.
Olamulira nthawi zambiri amawakonda ndi kulembedwa chifukwa cha ulemu wawo. Papa Pius IX anapatsidwa ulemu wotere, imodzi mwa maholo a Apostolic Library ya Vatican inatchulidwa mwaulemu. Poyamba, mu holoyi, panalibe ulemerero mu ulemu wake, ndipo tsopano pali ziwonetsero zapakatikati.
Kuphatikiza pa kusonkhanitsa kwa mabuku, mipukutu, mipukutu ndi zinthu zina, Vatican Apostolic Library ndi ndalama za ndalama ndi ndondomeko.
Malamulo
Ndizosangalatsanso kusamalira laibulale ya Vatican. Lero mutu wa laibulale ndi Kadinali-woyang'anira mabuku. Wothandizira wake wamkulu ndi mtsogoleri (omwe nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito zamakono, nthawi zambiri sayansi). Pali pulezidenti, akuluakulu oyang'anira magulu ndi maholo, komanso akuyang'anira chuma ndi mlembi. Kuonjezera apo, pansi pa Vatican Apostolic Library, bungwe lakhala likukonzekera, lomwe liri ndi udindo wowulangiza kardinali-woyang'anira mabuku ndi woyang'anira.
Kodi mungayendere bwanji?
Buku la Vatican Apostolic Library latsegulidwa kuyambira September mpaka July. Mu August, n'zosatheka kupita ku laibulale, popeza mwezi uno ndi tchuthi kwa antchito onse. Apostolic Library ili lotseguka kuti maulendo azitchuke kuchokera 8.45 mpaka 17:15, Loweruka ndi Lamlungu ali masiku.
Sikuti aliyense akhoza kupita ku laibulale. Popanda zovuta, asayansi okha ndi ophunzira omwe amaliza maphunziro angathe kulowa, koma ophunzira saloledwa kulowa. Okaona alendo ndi gulu losiyana, choncho, pokhala ndi malipiro pa ulendo wa 16 euro, mudzapeza malo amodzi odabwitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mtambo wofunikira poyendera laibulale ndiwonekera. Zovala zanu zisamakhale zovuta, zonyansa, zotseguka. Otsutsana ndi kavalidwe kavalidwe sangathe kulowa m'chipinda chosungiramo mabuku.
Kuti mupite ku Vatican Apostolic Library, muyenera kusankha njira yabwino yoyendetsa:
- Metro: muyenera kupita sitimayi pa imodzi mwa malo omwe ali pamzere A. Malo omwe akupita ndi Musei Vaticani.
- Mabasi okhala ndi manambala: 32, 49, 81, 492, 982, 990 adzakutengerani ku Apostolic Library ya Vatican.
- Nambala ya Tramu 19 ikuyendanso m'njira yoyenera.
Vatican imaganizira za kukhalapo kwa zipilala zambiri zamakono ndi chikhalidwe m'dera laling'ono. Ndi mzinda womwe uli ndi miyambo yawo, miyambo ndi maholide . Ngati muli ndi mwayi wokaona malo osangalatsawa, musaphonye mwayi wopita ku Vatican - Buku la Atumwi.
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