Nyumba ya Atumwi

• Adilesi: 00120, Vatican
• Telefoni: +39 06 6988 3860
• Kulowa: Palazzo
• Malo a Museums Museums: http://www.museivaticani.va

Nyumba ya Atumwi ku Vatican ndi "malo okhala" a Papa. Amatchedwanso Nyumba ya Papal, Nyumba ya Vatican , ndipo dzina lake ndilo Nyumba ya Sixtus V. Zoonadi, iyi si nyumba imodzi, koma "zonse" zogona, nyumba, mapemphero, museums ndi nyumba zomangidwa pa nthawi zosiyana siyana. Onsewa ali pafupi ndi Kortile di Sisto V.

Pali Nyumba ya Atumwi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa St. Peter's Cathedral . Pambuyo pake pali zinthu ziwiri zolemekezeka - nyumba yachifumu ya Gregorio XIII ndi Bastion ya Nicholas V.

Zakale za mbiriyakale

Pamene ndendende Atumwi anamangidwanso, sizidziwike bwino, deta imasiyana mosiyana kwambiri. Olemba mbiri ena amakhulupirira kuti mbali zina zakummwera, zakale kwambiri zidakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa III - kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka mazana asanu ndi limodzi (4) panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Constantine Wamkulu, ena - kuti ndi " wamng'ono "ndipo anamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma VI. Chipindachi chinayambika ku zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo mu 1447 pansi pa Papa Nicholas V nyumba zakale zidagonjetsedwa, ndipo nyumba yatsopano idamangidwa m'malo awo (ndi "kutenga nawo mbali" kwa zinthu zina zakale). Anamaliza ndi kumangidwanso kambirimbiri, kufikira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 16 - mwakhama, koma m'zaka za zana la 20 zinatsirizidwanso (mwachitsanzo, papa Papa Pius XI wosiyana kwambiri ndi khomo la nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale).

Raphael's Staats

Zipinda 4 zazing'ono, zojambula ndi Raphael ndi ophunzira ake, zinatchedwa Stanze di Rafaello - Raphael's Stantsi (mawu akuti "stanza" amatanthauza chipinda). Zipinda izi zinali zokongoletsedwa ndi dongosolo la Papa Julius II - anawasankha kukhala malo apadera, osakakhala kukhala m'chipinda momwe adakhalamo Alexander Alexander asanakhalepo. Pali nthano yakuti zojambula zina pamakoma zinalipo kale, koma Julius, atagwidwa ndi luso la Raphael, adalamula kuti agwetse zojambulazo zonse ndipo adamuuza wojambula kuti amalize chipinda - ngakhale kuti Rafaeli panthawiyo anali ndi zaka 25 zokha.

Chipinda choyamba chimatchedwa Stanza del Senatura; Ndilo lokhalo lachinayi limene lidalipobe dzina loyambirira - ena onsewa amatchulidwira mutu wapamwamba wa mafashoni okongoletsera. Chizindikiro mukutanthauzira chimatanthauza "chizindikiro", "sindikizani" - chipindacho chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ofesi, ndipo bamboyo adawerenga mapepala atumizidwa kwa iye, nawasindikiza ndi kusindikiza chizindikiro chake ndi chidindo.

Wojambulayo adajambula chipinda cha pakati pa 1508 mpaka 1511, ndipo chimaperekedwa kwa anthu okhaokha, ndipo ma muralidwe 4 amaimira machitidwe 4 a ntchito zotere: filosofi, chilungamo, fioloje ndi ndakatulo.

Chithunzi cha Stanza d'Eliodoro chinachitidwa kuyambira 1511 mpaka 1514; Mutu wa zojambulazo ndizo udindo waumulungu woperekedwa kwa Mpingo ndi atumiki ake.

Kalasi yachitatu imatchedwa Incendio di Borgo - imodzi mwa frescoes, yomwe ikuyimira moto m'dera la Borgo, pafupi ndi nyumba ya papal. Ma fresco onse pano amaperekedwa ku ntchito za apapa (kuphatikizapo fresco yoperekedwa kwa moto - malinga ndi nthano, Papa Leo anatha kuletsa mtanda osati mantha okha, komanso moto). Gwiritsani ntchito kujambula kwake kunachitika kuyambira zaka 1514 mpaka 1517.

Stanza yomalizira - Sala di Konstantino - idatha kale ndi ophunzira a Raphael, popeza mu 1520 wojambulayo adafa. Mndandandawu waperekedwa ku kulimbana kwa ufumu woyamba wachikhristu wachikristu Constantine ndi achikunja.

Belvedere Palace

Nyumba ya Belvedere Palace imatchulidwa ndi zojambula za Apollo Belvedersky, zomwe zimasungidwa kumeneko. Lero m'nyumba yachifumu ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale za Pius-Clement . Kuwonjezera pa chifaniziro chodziwika kwambiri cha Apollo, pali zinyama zambiri, kuphatikizapo fano la Laocoon, Aphrodite wa Kinido, Antinous wa Belvedere, Perseus wa Antonio Canova, Hercules, ndi mafano ena olemekezeka.

Zonsezi, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imakhala ndi maofesi oposa mazana asanu ndi atatu: Animal Hall ili ndi mafano pafupifupi 150 omwe amawonetsera zojambula zosiyanasiyana ndi nyama (zina mwazo ndizo zojambula zodziwika bwino zakale, zina mwazimene zimabwezeretsedwa ndi wosema wa ku Italy Francesco Franconi); apa pali, pakati pa ena, chifaniziro choyambirira cha Chigriki chomwe chikuwonetsera torso ya Minotaur. Mu Nyumba ya Muses pali mafano omwe akuwonetsera Apollo ndi 9 muses. Zithunzizi ndizolembedwa zakale za Chigiriki kuyambira zaka za m'ma 3 BC. Pano paliponse kuchokera ku Torvedere torso ndi ziboliboli za anthu otchuka achi Greek, kuphatikizapo Pericles. Malo a Muses ndi octagonal shape, atazunguliridwa ndi zipilala ndi chikalata cha Korinto. Zithunzi zojambulajambula zokhazokha, amajambula pansalu ya Tomaszo Konka, akupitiriza mutu wapadera wopangidwa ndi mafano, ndipo amaonetsa Muses ndi Apollo, komanso olemba ndakatulo otchuka - Greek ndi Roman.

Kujambula kwa makoma a nyumba yosungiramo ziboliboli kunapangidwa ndi Pinturicchio ndi ophunzira ake. Pano pali mafano a milungu ndi azimayi, mafumu a Roma (Augustus, Marcus Aurelius, Nero, Caracalla, etc.), olemba mbiri komanso anthu wamba, komanso zojambulajambula zakale za Chigiriki. Zithunzi zosiyana za nyumbayi zimakongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli ziwiri zolemekezeka: Jupiter pa mpando wachifumu ndi kugona Ariadne, ndipo pambali pawo mukhoza kuona zithunzi ngati Drunken Satyr, Maliro a Penelope ndi ena. Mu Nyumba ya Busts muli mabwato a anthu otchuka achiroma ndi milungu yakale, kuphatikizapo mpumulo wopambana wa Cato ndi Portia. Ponseponse mu holoyi muli pafupi mabasi 100 ndi mazenera a Renaissance.

Chofunika kwambiri kutchulidwa ndi Nyumba ya Greek Cross (yomwe imatchulidwa ndi chiwerengero chomwe chimayimira), Mask Cabinet, Rotunda ndi kapu yaikulu ya porphyry yomwe imakhala mkati mwake, Apoximen's Cabinet.

Pambuyo pa Nyumba ya Belvedere muli kasupe monga mawonekedwe a pirisi - ntchito ya Pirro Ligorio, ndipo malo omwe alipo amatchedwa Bwalo la Pinnia . Mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 17, kondomuyo inakongoletsa Field of Mars ku Paris, koma mu 1608 idatumizidwa ku Vatican ndipo imayikidwa patsogolo pa khomo la Belvedere Palace. Ndi fanizo la kulengedwa kwa dziko lapansi.

Kuwonjezera pa kondomu, malowa amakhala okongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi zamakono zenizeni Sfera con Sfera - "Sphere m'munda" ndi Arnaldo Pomodoro, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990. Mtsinje wamkati wamkuwa wamita anayi uli ndi mpangidwe wamkati, womwe umayang'anapo, wowoneka mu "mabowo" ndi "mabowo" kunja. Iye amawonetsera dziko lapansi ku dziko lapansi ndipo akuitanira kuti aganizire za choonadi kuti chirichonse chomwe chiwonongeko chimene chimayambitsa dziko lapansi chimawonekera mmwamba.

Sistine Chapel

Sistine Chapel inamangidwa panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Papa Sixtus IV (kumangidwanso kunayamba mu 1473 ndipo anamaliza kulembedwa mu 1481) ndipo anamutcha dzina lake, ndipo patsiku la kukwera kwa Mariya Namwaliyo pa August 15, 1483, adayeretsedwa. Pambuyo pake, pamalo ano panali mpando winanso, kumene khoti la papapa liyenera kusonkhana. Cholinga cha kulenga chapemphelo chatsopano, cholimbikitsidwa komanso chotha kupulumuka kuzingidwa, ngati kuli kofunikira, chinayambira ku Sixtus IV pokhudzana ndi kuopsezedwa koopsa kwa kugonjetsedwa kwa nyanja ya kum'mawa kwa Italy ndi Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II, komanso chifukwa cha mantha ochokera ku Signoria Medici.

Komabe, chitetezo chinalimbikitsidwa, ndipo zokongoletsera za chapelonso sizinaiŵalike. Khomali limapangidwa ndi Sandro Boticelli, Penturikkio ndi ojambula ena otchuka a nthawiyo. Pambuyo pake, kale ndi Papa Julius II, Michelangelo adajambula chithunzichi (chiwonetsero cha kulengedwa kwa dziko lapansi), lunettes ndi decking. Pazithunzi zinayi zikuyimira nkhani za m'Baibulo "Copper Serpent", "David ndi Goliati", "Kara Amana" ndi "Judith ndi Holoferine." Michelangelo anagwira ntchitoyi panthaŵi yochepa, ngakhale kuti iye mwini adadziika yekha ngati wosemajambula, osati monga wojambulajambula, kupatulapo, pa ntchito panali mavuto osiyanasiyana (ena a frescos anayenera kugwedezeka chifukwa anali otukuta, zomwe ankagwiritsiridwa ntchito, zinawonekera kuti apangidwe nkhungu, kenaka panagwiritsa ntchito matope ena, ndipo mawonekedwewo anali ojambula atsopano).

Pambuyo pomaliza ntchito pajambula pa October 31, 1512, ovala zovala zapamwamba adatumizidwa ku chipinda chatsopano (tsiku lomwelo ndi ora lomwelo zaka 500 pambuyo pake, mu 2012, Obada anabwerezedwa ndi Papa Benedict XVI). N'zosadabwitsa kuti anali Michelangelo amene anapatsidwa chithunzi cha khoma la guwa la nsembe. Ntchito zinapangidwa ndi mbuye kuyambira 1536 mpaka 1541; Pa khoma pali malo a Chiweruzo Chotsiriza.

Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1492 - ndi pulezidenti, pamene Papa anasankhidwa Rodrigo Borgia, amene anakhala Papa Alexander VI - mu Sistine Chapel nthawi zonse ankagwira ntchito.

Nyumba zamapapa

Nyumba yomwe papa amakhala ndi kugwira ntchito ndi pamwamba; Mawindo ena amayang'ana St. Peter's Square . Amakhala ndi zipinda zingapo - ofesi, chipinda cha mlembi, chipinda chodyera, chipinda chogona, chipinda chodyera, chipinda chodyera, khitchini. Palinso laibulale yaikulu, chapelesi ndi ofesi ya zachipatala, zomwe ndi zofunika kupatsidwa zaka zomwe makadinali amakonda kusankhidwa ndi apapa. Komabe, pulezidenti Francis anasiya zipinda zapapa ndikukhala m'nyumba ya Santa Marta, m'chipinda chokhala ndi zipinda ziwiri.

Mu Nyumba ya Atumwi palipanso "zipinda zapapa" - nyumba za Papa Alexander VI - Borgia. Masiku ano ali mbali ya Library ya Vatican , yotseguka kwa alendo, ndipo amakopeka kwambiri ndi zojambula zopangidwa ndi Pinturicchio.

Kodi mungayende bwanji ku Nyumba ya Atumwi?

Mukhoza kupita ku Nyumba ya Atumwi pamasabata ndi Loweruka kuyambira 9-00 mpaka 18-00. Tikiti yapamwamba imatenga ndalama zokwana 16 euro, mukhoza kuigula pa ofesi ya tikiti isanakwane 16-00. Lamlungu lapitali la mweziyu nyumba yosungiramo zosungirako imatha kuyendera kuchokera 9-00 mpaka 12-30 mosavuta.