Urolithiasis amadziwika ndi mapangidwe a miyala (concrements) mu ziwalo za mkodzo. Dzina lina la matendawa ndi urolithiasis. Malingana ndi chiwerengero, matendawa ali ambiri moti amakhudza pa digiri imodzi kapena wina wamkulu aliyense wachisanu.
Urolithiasis - zimayambitsa
Mapangidwe ofanana ndi miyala, impso, chikhodzodzo, kapena chikhodzodzo zimayamba kuonekera kawirikawiri mwa anthu 20-45, koma nthawi zina - komanso ali mwana. Mmene zimapangidwira zimakhala zosiyana, choncho zimakhala zovuta kutulutsa chinthu china choyambitsa. Kawirikawiri, zifukwa za urolithiasis zimagwirizana ndi kuphwanya njira zamagetsi m'thupi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga timapepala ta makina a crystallizing mankhwala.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitukukochi chikule bwino ndi:
- umoyo;
- kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okhala ndi mchere wambiri;
- zosavuta kumwa mowa;
- moyo wokhala pansi;
- Matenda opatsirana ndi opweteka m'magazi;
- matenda aakulu a dongosolo la kudya;
- kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamadzimadzi, zamchere, zamchere mu zakudya;
- kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala ena (zitsamba, nyama, mkaka, tiyi wamphamvu, etc.);
- matenda osowa mwadzidzidzi a impso, ureters (zovuta, ziwiya zina);
- Matenda a kagayidwe kake ( gout , hyperparathyroidism );
- kutenga mankhwala ena, ndi zina zotero.
Urolithiasis - mitundu ya miyala
Urolithiasis amatha kupezeka ndi miyala yokha kapena yambiri, yosiyana - kuyambira 1 mm mpaka 10 cm kapena kuposa. Pamaso mwa miyala yaying'ono yosuntha imatchedwa mchenga. Malingana ndi mawonekedwewa, miyala ya urinary ingakhale yopanda phokoso, yozungulira, ndi m'mphepete mwenimweni ndi mitsinje. Chinsalu chimatchedwa coral, ngati chiri mu impso ndipo chimagwira pafupifupi mpweya wonsewo, n'kupanga "mold" ya calyx-pelvis system.
Miyalayi ndi mitsempha yamchere ya urinary, yokhala ndi mapuloteni osiyanasiyana. Zambiri mwazi zimakhala ndi mankhwala osakaniza, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mankhwala enaake. Urolithiasis (urolithiasis) mu chikhalidwe cha mapangidwe amagawidwa mu mitundu yotsatirayi:
- oxalate;
- kukonda;
- phosphate;
- struvite.
Oxalate Urolithiasis
Kuyika kwa miyala mu urolithiasis n'kofunikira kuti cholinga cha chithandizo choyenera chichitike. Odwala ambiri (pafupifupi 70%) opangira oxalate omwe amapangidwa ndi calcium oxalate ndi oxalate ammonium salt amapezeka. Zochitika zawo ndizomwe zimakhala zazikulu, kutsika kwake, kutsika. Mukasuntha, miyala imeneyi imangovulaza mitsempha yambiri ya mitsempha, ndipo magazi amachititsa kuti ayambe kuipitsa mu bulauni, pafupifupi mtundu wakuda.
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa za kupanga mapangidwe a mtundu uwu ndi chakudya chapamwamba chomwe ascorbic acid, oxalic acid alipo kwambiri, pali kusowa kwa magnesiamu ndi vitamini B6. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, iwo amakwiya ndi maonekedwe a kutupa matenda a impso, ntchito m'mimba thirakiti, endocrine zovuta.
Phosphate urolithiasis
Pofotokoza miyala yomwe ili ndi urolithiasis, akatswiri amanena kuti miyala ya phosphate ndi yowonongeka, ndipo nthawi zambiri - mwa amayi. Zimakhala ndi phosphoric acid ndi calcium mchere ndipo ndi zofewa, zopangidwa ndi phokoso la chimbudzi choyera kapena choyera. Mwala woterewu ukhoza kukula mofulumira kwambiri, kudera lonse la nsana, i.e. kupanga ma coral nyumba.
Kawirikawiri, njira zolimbana ndi matenda opatsirana, zomwe zimayambitsa mkaka, zimakhala zoyamba za kukula kwa phosphates. Chinthu china chimene chimayambitsa matendawa ndicho kupweteka kwa magulu a parathyroid, omwe amachititsa kusokonezeka kwa phosphate metabolism. Zakudya zimathandiza kwambiri, zomwe zimapezeka kuti tiyi ndi khofi zamphamvu, vitamini A, E, D, zikulephera.
Struvitous urolithiasis
Miyala yamtengo wapatali mu urolithiasis imapezeka mu pafupifupi 15% mwa odwala. Mwala uwu uli ndi zofewa zofewa, amatha kukula mofulumira. Pogwiritsa ntchito, mankhwalawa ndi ammonium ndi magnesium phosphate, komanso carbonate apatite. Chomwe chimayambitsa maonekedwe awo ndicho matenda a urogenital, omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapezeka pa miyala yokha.
Kawirikawiri, mapangidwe a struvite amathandizidwa ndi otsika, kutaya kosakwanira kwa chikhodzodzo, kuchititsa kuyambitsa mkodzo. Gulu loopseza - odwala matenda a shuga komanso ovulala m'mimba mwachisawawa. Chakudya chikhoza kukhala chakudya chokwanira cha zakudya m'thupi (makamaka nyama).
Urartic urolithiasis
Pafupifupi oposa atatu mwa odwala omwe ali ndi urolithiasis amapanga miyala ya urate - miyala yonyezimira kapena ya njerwa yamtengo wapatali yomwe imakhala yolimba kwambiri. Ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi salt a uric acid. Mapangidwe awa akhoza kuunjikira mu impso, chikhodzodzo, makapu amadzi.
Kwa amayi, mtundu uwu wa urolithiasis umapezeka nthawi zochepa, zomwe mwina chifukwa cha chimodzi mwa zifukwa zake zazikulu - kudya mobwerezabwereza zakudya zopangidwa mu purines. Zinthu zimenezi zimapezeka kwambiri m'thupi la nyama zinyama, m'mitsuko, kuzizira, nyemba, ndi zina. Kuonjezera apo, matendawa amatha kupangidwa chifukwa cha matenda osokoneza bongo ndi kuwonjezeka kwa uric acid mu thupi.
Urolithiasis - zizindikiro
Zizindikiro zowonjezereka za urolithiasis ndi:
- kuvutika kwa nthawi ndi nthawi kumadera amodzi (kumbali imodzi, kumbali zonse)
- kawirikawiri amakakamiza kukodza ;
- ululu, kuyaka kumverera pamene ukaka;
- mkodzo wosayera, maonekedwe a magazi mmenemo;
- Kutupa kwa nkhope, miyendo.
Kawirikawiri, matendawa kwa nthawi yaitali sadzidzimva, ndipo zizindikiro za urolithiasis kwa nthawi yoyamba zikhoza kudziwonetsera wekha mu coal colic , pamene mwala umalowa mu ureter ndipo umachititsa kuti uziphimba. Pankhaniyi, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimachitika:
- kuoneka koopsa kwa ululu wopweteka kwambiri m'chigawo cha lumbar;
- Nthawi zambiri amafuna kukodza, kenako anuria amatha kuona;
- kutentha kwa thupi;
- chills;
- chisokonezo;
- thukuta lozizira;
- blanching, ndi zina zotero.
Urolithiasis - matenda
Urolithiasis amatha kudziwika ndi ultrasound impso, chikhodzodzo ndi mabotolo. Deta ya compact tomography ndi matenda a radiocontrast amachititsa kuti zitheke kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe, kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa miyalayi, kufufuza kukwera kwa mkodzo, kuti mudziwe momwe zingathetseretu mazira a mkodzo. Ngati urolithiasis akukayikira, urinalysis ndi mayesero a magazi zidzathandiza kukhazikitsa chikhalidwe cha matenda osokoneza bongo ndikuwonetsa zinthu zopangira miyala.
Urolithiasis - mankhwala
Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira odwala okhala ndi miyala m'makinawa, malinga ndi malo amwala, mawonekedwe awo, kukula kwake, mawonetseredwe a matenda, chiwerengero cha matenda osokoneza ubongo, ndi zina zotero. Kuwonjezera pa kuchotsa ziwalo zochokera ku thupi, kukonzanso zovuta zowonongeka zowonongeka, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zowonongeka, zimafunika.
Chithandizo cha urolithiasis ndi miyala yaing'ono ting'onoting'ono kawirikawiri timayesedwa ndi njira ya mankhwala ndi zakudya zolimbitsa thupi. Muzochitika zazikulu ndi zazikulu, palifunika kugawidwa kwawo (lithotripsy) kapena kuchotsa mofulumira. Gwiritsani ntchito mitundu yotsatilayi yosawonongeka ya miyala:
- Zokongola zapatali - miyala yokupera pogwiritsa ntchito injini-jenereta ya mafunde oopsya, operekedwa kuchokera kunja, otsatiridwa ndi zachilengedwe zakuthambo ndi mkodzo wamakono.
- Kuphatikizako kwapadera ndi ndondomeko yomwe imachitika mwa kuika endoscope mu chikhodzodzo, chikhodzodzo kapena ntchentche yamphepete, yomwe mafunde akupanga, mafunde a mpweya kapena mazira a laser amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti awononge miyalayo popitiliza kutuluka ndi aspiration kapena kugwiritsa ntchito malonda otsiriza ndi mphamvu.
Urolithiasis - mankhwala (mankhwala)
Kuti achepetse kupweteka pakagwa , kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Diclofenac, Indomethacin ) ndi spasmolytics ( No-shpa , Atropine, Nifedipine) amalembedwa. Spasmolytics ndizofunika kuchepetsa kamvekedwe ka mitsempha ya mitsempha ndikuthandizira kuchotsa miyala yaying'ono. Kuonjezera apo, pali zowonongeka zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi antispasmodic komanso anti-inflammatory effects (Kanefron, Cystenal, Olimetin).
Mankhwala a urolithiasis, omwe amachititsa kupweteka mwala mwa kusintha asidi mkodzo, angagwiritsidwe ntchito pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya miyala, kupatula struvite. Pachifukwachi, mankhwalawa akulimbikitsidwa:
- ndi oxalate urolithiasis - Piroxidine, Thiamin plus Asparcum, Magnesium okusayidi;
- pa miyala ya phosphate - Aluminium hydroxide, Tsiston;
- ndi mikangano ya urate - Blemaren, Soluran, Magurlit, Allopurinol.
Ngati urolithiasis ikuphatikizapo kupanga miyala ya struvite, mankhwala oletsa antibacterial amasonyeza, omwe mankhwala omwe awa:
- Chisokonezo;
- Ofloxacin;
- Meropenem ndi ena.
Urolithiasis - mankhwala ndi mankhwala ochiritsira
Momwe mungachiritse urolithiasis, mankhwala amtundu amadziwa zambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, palibe njira iliyonse yomwe singagwiritsidwe ntchito mosasamala, popanda kuvomereza dokotala, tk. zikhoza kukhala zoopsa. Kawirikawiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimasankhidwa malinga ndi mankhwala, kukula ndi malo amwala. Momwe mankhwala amapangira ndi awa:
- zokolola za chimanga;
- mizu ya burdock;
- ananyamuka m'chiuno;
- violet;
- mizu ya dandelion;
- masamba a mphesa;
- masamba a currant, ndi zina zotero.
Kudya ndi urolithiasis
Malinga ndi mtundu wa machitidwe okhwimitsa mkodzo ndi kuwonetsa zovuta zamagetsi, dokotala amatipatsa zakudya zokwanira za urolithiasis. Kawirikawiri, ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, zakudya ndi urolithiasis zimapereka:
- kuwonjezeka kwa kumwa madzi (osachepera 2 malita patsiku);
- kuchepetsa muyeso ya magawo;
- kuonjezera zakudya zowonjezera;
- kuletsedwa kwa mchere, zonunkhira;
- Kuletsedwa kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zakudya ndi zakumwa ndi miyala (mapuloteni a nyama, purines, oxalic acid, etc.).
Ntchito ndi urolithiasis
Ngati corneal urolithiasis kapena makina akuluakulu amapezeka, n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zowonongeka zowonjezera pamatenda - zowonongeka ndi ultrasound, zomwe zimadyetsedwa kupyolera pakhungu pa khungu komanso insoscope. Nthaŵi zina, munthu sangathe kuchita popanda opaleshoni - chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi zotsatira za mankhwala opatsirana, zomwe zimalepheretseratu kukhetsa mkodzo, kupweteka kwakukulu, etc. Njira zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- chithandizo;
- nephrolithotomy;
- ureterolithotomy.
Kuteteza urolithiasis
Kuteteza kwapakati ndi kachiwiri kwa urolithiasis kumaphatikizapo ndondomeko zotsatirazi:
- kumwa mokwanira;
- zakudya zosiyanasiyana;
- kukana zizoloŵezi zoipa;
- zochitika zakuthupi zowonjezeka;
- kuchiza matenda;
- kukayezetsa magazi nthawi zonse.