Kugonana kwa munthu ndi nkhani yovuta, ndipo ambiri sangathe kukamba momasuka nkhaniyi. Anthu omwe amakopeka ndi mamuna awo akhalapo nthawi zonse, koma m'dziko lamakono, akukamba momasuka za zomwe amakonda.
Kuyankhulana ndi chiyani - kumatanthauzanji?
Pali anthu omwe amakopeka ndi abambo a amuna osiyana, ndipo muzochitika zoterozo ndizoyankhula za momwe amachitira zogonana. "Bi" amatembenuzidwa kukhala "awiri", ndiko kuti, munthu amamvera chisoni kwa amuna ndi akazi onse. Njirayi imatchulidwa kuti ndizosiyana pakati pa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Lingaliro la "kugonana kwa amuna ndi akazi" linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya kusintha kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 mpaka m'ma 2000. Akatswiri a zamaganizo amanena kuti chikhalidwe choyambirira, izi ndi zambiri zogonana, zomwe zimachokera ku moyo wapamtima wokondweretsa.
Kodi ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha?
Anthu omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chogonana, amakhala moyo wabwino ndi kunja ndikudziwika kuti ndi zovuta, mpaka iwo adziulule okha. Pali zosiyana zosiyana za iwo, mwachitsanzo, pali lingaliro lakuti bi amabvala makutu m'makutu akumanja, koma izi ndi nthano chabe. Kuti timvetse tanthauzo la bi, asayansi akhala akuchita kafukufuku kwazaka zambiri. Zinatsimikiziridwa kuti anthu okwatirana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sangathe kudziwika ngati wina akuganizira zokhazokha pazithunzi zolaula.
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha akatswiri a zamaganizo ndi aumaganizo amatsimikizira kuti zizoloŵezi zoterezi zimakhudzana ndi vuto la maganizo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti munthu asadziwe momwe angakhalire ubale wathunthu ndi oimira amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kuwonjezera apo, anthu oterewa nthawi zonse amadzifufuza okha, osadziwa kumene malo awo enieni ali.
Kugonana kwabodza - Freud
Sigmund Freud ndi katswiri wodziwa zamaganizo amene anaphunzira zosiyanasiyana. Pamsayeso wa anthu, adayambitsa ntchitoyi, yomwe imatchedwa "Zolemba zitatu paziphunzitso za kugonana." M'menemo, anafufuza lingaliro la "kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha." Kuti amvetse yemwe ali ndi bi, adagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zomwe anazipeza pophunzira mwana wosabadwa. Pakati pa msinkhu wa mluza umadutsa gawo la hermaphroditism, ndiko kuti, ali ndi zilakolako za ziwalo zoberekera amuna ndi akazi.
Freud anatsutsa kuti pali kugonana kwachibadwa, ndipo munthuyo mwiniwake amasankha njira yoyendamo. Kukulitsa, mwanayo amadziwa makhalidwe ndi zofuna zomwe ali nazo zogonana. Kawirikawiri pali mikhalidwe pamene miyambo imeneyi siidakwanire, zomwe zimapangitsa atsikana kukhala ndi khalidwe lamphamvu komanso lodzipereka, ndipo anyamata amaima mwachinsinsi. Makhalidwe oterewa ndi zizindikiro za kugonana m'maganizo.
Zizindikiro za kugonana
Ngati munthu akukayikira kuti ali ndi chikhalidwe chotani, ndiye chinthu choyamba chimene ayenera kuchita ndi kudziyankha yekha za funso ngati pali chikoka chogonana kwa anthu omwe ali amuna kapena akazi monga momwe amachitira ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Pokhapokha m'pofunika kunena za lingaliro lofanana ndi kugonana kosayenera, ndi pamene munthu nthawi zonse anali ndi chikhumbo chomanga maubwenzi ndi mamembala ake, koma chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo, mwachitsanzo, makhalidwe ndi maganizo, kuti asonyeze, sangathe kuwonekera.
Pali mayesero angapo omwe amathandiza kumvetsetsa omwe ali. Iwo amachititsa kuti zitheke kudziwa khalidwe la khalidwe, kufufuza khalidwe la kugonana, zokhumba ndi zokonda, zomwe zimapereka mwayi wolemba zonse "ndi". Mu mayeserowo, mumapemphedwa kuti muyankhe mafunso angapo, mwachitsanzo, "Kodi pali zokoma za mnzanu / mnzanu?", "Kodi kukonda kugonana kumakhudza amai anu?", "Kodi mukufuna kugonana ndi magawo atatu?" Ndi zina zotero.
Zizindikiro za Kugonana Kwa Amuna
Asayansi ambiri amene ali ndi chidwi ndi munda umenewu adatsimikizira kuti palibe mwamuna kapena mkazi. Amakhulupirira kuti ziwalo zogonana zamphamvu zingakhale zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kapena amuna okhaokha, ndipo ngati atadzitcha okha amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amangobisa zofuna zawo zenizeni zogonana. Zolingalira zoterezi zinapangidwa mwa kuyesa zochitika, pamene amuna ankayang'ana zolaula, ndipo asayansi athandizidwa ndi masensa omwe anachita atagonana nawo .
Kugonana pakati pa amuna kapena akazi kapena chizoloŵezi cha kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kumabwera chifukwa cha mavuto a maganizo, kufunitsitsa kusintha maudindo a amuna ndi akazi, komanso kudzidzimva nokha ndi ulamuliro. Chifukwa china chikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha mafashoni a zogonana ndi chilakolako chofuna kusagwirizana ndi mdani. Nthawi zina, mwamuna amafunikira kuyanjana ndi anthu omwe amagonana nawo.
Kugonana pakati pa akazi
Chikhumbo cha oimira omwe amagonana ndi ofooka kuti asonyeze chifundo kwa amayi ena amaonedwa kuti ndi chikhalidwe chachilengedwe. Kawirikawiri, amayi amadziwa zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwawo mwadzidzidzi, ndipo poyamba akhoza kuwopsyeza. Zifukwa zomveka zosinthira chikhalidwe sizingakhalepo, ndiyeno zonena za maumwini. Kawirikawiri, kugonana kwa amayi ndi zotsatira za ubale wolephera ndi amuna, kupsinjika maganizo ndi zochitika zakukhosi. Pali nthawi pamene amai amabwerera ku zibwenzi zogonana nthawi ndi nthawi.
Malingana ndi kafukufuku, chiwerengero cha akazi okwatirana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha posachedwapa chawonjezeka kwambiri. Kuyesera kupeza zowononga mahomoni ndi congenital zokhudzana ndi zosankha za kugonana sizinapambane. Kupeza yemwe ali ndi bi, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti chilakolako cha kugonana chimayambira paunyamata, ndipo chikhalidwe chimayikidwa pafupi zaka 11-13. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti amai ndi ophweka kumvetsetsa wina ndi mzake, amamukonda komanso amamvetsera bwino mnzakeyo, zomwe zimawapatsa mpata wosangalala.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kugonana
Asayansi sangakhoze kubwera ku lingaliro limodzi pa zifukwa zomwe zingapangitse kusiyana kwa zofuna za munthu. Agawane zinthu zachibadwa zomwe zimakhudza zolinga. Pazifukwa zomalizazi, wina angaphatikize kusakhutira ndi kugonana ndi anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi anzawo. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimagwira ntchito kwa amayi. Kugonana kwa amuna ndi akazi kungakwiyitse pa zifukwa zingapo:
- Kusakhutira kukhala ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi wina komanso kusunga malamulo omwe amatsatira chifukwa cha kugonana.
- Kukhalapo kwa chikhalidwe cha kugonana kwa amuna ndi akazi.
- Mavuto pomanga ubale ndi oimira amuna kapena akazi.
- Chikhumbo choyesera mu gawo la kugonana.
- Kusokonezeka maganizo kwa ubwana ndi unyamata.
Kodi kugonana ndibwino kapena ayi?
Akatswiri amaona kuti chizoloŵezi cha chiwerewere ndi chilakolako cha chilakolako cha kugonana , chomwe ndi chilakolako cha mwamuna, komanso chotsutsana ndi mkazi. Kugonana kwa amuna ndi akazi kumaonedwa kuti ndikutengeka maganizo. Komabe, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti munthu sangathe kukonda amuna ndi akazi onse, chifukwa posachedwa adzasankha kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kapena amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Pali asayansi omwe amanena kuti kugonana ndi chinthu chachilendo ndipo pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya anthu ali ndi chikhalidwe choterocho.
Kodi mungatani kuti muchotse vutoli?
Kuti munthu akhale womasuka, ayenera kumangogonana. Kuumiriza kukakamiza kuti asiye kukonda amuna kapena akazi ndizosatheka. Psychological ya kugonana kwabasi imasonyeza kuti ngati kusintha kwa chikhalidwe kunayambitsidwa ndi kukhumudwa kwa maganizo, ndiye kuti m'pofunika kufunsa thandizo kwa katswiri yemwe angakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa nokha ndi zosankha zanu zogonana.