Azimayi ambiri, pofuna kupewa zovuta za kubereka mwana, ayambe kukonzekera pasadakhale kwa iye. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane ndondomeko ya kukonzekera, tidzapeza: ndi mayesero ati omwe angaperekedwe pokonzekera mimba.
Kodi ndi koyenera kuyesa mayeso musanayambe mimba?
Akafunsidwa za amayi omwe angakhalepo, kaya atenge mayeso asanatenge mimba, madokotala amachitapo kanthu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, amatsogoleredwa ndi chitsanzo chokwanira: Maphunziro a labotale amathandiza kuzindikira njira zobisika komanso zopanda matenda zomwe zingakhalebe zizindikiro. Panthawi yophunzitsidwa, madokotala amadziwa matenda a mahomoni, matenda opatsirana pogonana omwe angakhudze momwe mimba imakhalira, kubereka, kapena thanzi la mwanayo.
Kuyesedwa koyenera pamene mukukonzekera kutenga mimba
Asanayambe kutenga pakati, pafupifupi theka la chaka, amai akulimbikitsidwa kukayendera bungwe lachipatala. Pambuyo pofufuza bwinobwino ndikudutsa maphunziro a hardware, dokotala adzalemba mndandanda wa mayesero kuti aperekedwe. Pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya maphunziro opatsirana amatha kudziwika omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuposa ena:
- kukonzanso kwa mkodzo;
- kuyesa magazi ambiri;
- biochemistry ya magazi ;
- kutsimikiza gulu la magazi ndi Rh factor ;
- Kuyezetsa matenda: chiwindi cha hepatitis, syphilis, HIV;
- kafukufuku wokhudza HIV : rubella, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, herpes virus.
Kupanga mimba - kuyesa kwa amayi ndi abambo
Kulingalira, kupirira ndi kubereka mwana wathanzi, kukonzekera kutenga mimba ndi kuyesedwa kumachitika ndi okwatirana onse. Kufufuza kwakukulu pakukonzekera kwa mimba kumafuna kudziwika kwathunthu kwa kuphwanya komwe kulipo, kuthetsa kwawo. Poganizira zochitika za thupi lachiwerewere, kufotokoza kwa amayi amtsogolo kumasiyana mosiyana ndi zomwe abambo amtsogolo adzayenera kupereka.
Amafufuza pamene akukonzekera kutenga pakati - mndandanda wa akazi
Dokotala wa chipatala kapena kukambirana kwa mayiyo amamuuza mkaziyo za zomwe angayesetse panthawi yopanga mimba. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mndandanda wa maphunziro oyenerera pa malo okonzekera ukuwoneka ngati ofanana ndi mabungwe ambiri azachipatala. Kufotokozera za mayesero omwe angatenge pokonzekera kutenga mimba, madokotala amaitana:
- Mayeso a magazi chifukwa cha shuga - kuti apeze matenda a shuga kapena kuikapo kwadzuwa.
- Coagulogram - imaika mlingo wamagazi otsekemera kuti athetse kuopsa kwa magazi.
- Kuwonetsetsa kwa smear pa zomera - kumapangidwira kuti mudziwe momwe ma microflora amachitira.
- Kuphunzira kwa PCR kuchotsa pa khosi - kumasonyeza zovuta: mycoplasmosis , chlamydia, herpes, ureaplasmosis.
Monga maphunziro ena, pokhalapo zisonyezero zosiyana, zotsatirazi zingasankhidwe:
- Magazi a mahomoni - amachitika kawirikawiri kwa amayi omwe ali ndi vuto losasinthasintha, lolemera kapena lolemera, ndi kukayikira za kusabereka.
- Kufufuza kwa ma antibodies kwa phospholipids - kumasonyeza matenda omwe amadza ndi kukula kwa congenital pathologies mu mwana.
- Kufufuza kwa ma antibodies ku gonadotropin ya chorionic - yovomerezeka kwa amayi omwe ali ndi vuto la kubereka, atatha feteleza, ma antibodies kwa hCG amakana dzira.
Kusanthula amuna pamene akukonzekera kutenga mimba
Kuti mudziwe kuti mayesero angaperekedwe kwa munthu pokonzekera mimba, abambo amtsogolo ayenera kuyankhulana ndi chipatala chapadera. Chinthu chachikulu pakukonzekera abambo omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha kulera ndikutenga matenda onse omwe alipo komanso kuwathetsa kwawo. Pofuna kukhazikitsa njira yotupa komanso yotetezera m'thupi la papa wamtsogolo, mayesero otsatirawa akukonzedwera kwa amuna pakukonzekera mimba:
- Maphunziro a PCR otuluka ku urethra - amathandiza kuzindikira zitsanzo za majeremusi monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga herpes, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis.
- Kuyezetsa magazi ambiri.
- Mayeso a magazi a hepatitis, syphilis.
Ngati zofukufukuzo sizinawonetsere vuto lililonse, komabe pokonzekera kutenga mimba, mavuto okhudzana ndi mimba atulukira, mayesero ena anaperekedwa:
- Spermogram - imayesa nambala ya umuna mu ejaculate ndi morphology yawo.
- Mayeso a MAR - amasonyeza kupezeka kwa ma antibodies antisperm, omwe amayambitsa spermatozoa, kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa umuna.
Ganizirani za kukonza mimba
Kuvuta kwa kulingalira pakulera mimba kumasiyana ndipo kumadalira thanzi la wodwala, kukhalapo kwa matenda aakulu, mavuto a mimba yapitayi. Chifukwa cha ichi, ndi amayi awiri akukonzekera kukhala amayi, mndandanda wa maphunziro omwe apatsidwa angasinthe. Komabe, ndondomeko ya zochitika zomwe mayi angakhalepo panthawi yachindunji ndi chimodzimodzi:
- Kuyankhulana kwa dokotala wa chigawo cha chigawo;
- ndime ya maphunziro omwe anapatsidwa;
- njira ya mankhwala (ngati kuli kofunikira);
- Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko zoperekedwa.
Kuyeza kwa mahomoni poyang'anira mimba
Kusanthula kusanayambe kugonana kumaphatikizapo kutsimikiza kwa msinkhu wa mahomoni. Kafukufuku wovomerezeka amalembedwa kwa odwala omwe kale anali ndi vuto la kubadwa kapena kutenga mimba. Kufufuza uku kungapangidwe masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri ndi asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri (21-23). Mukachitidwa mu chitsanzo cha magazi oopsa, othandizira ma laboratory amapanga mahomoni otsatirawa:
- prolactin;
- progesterone;
- testosterone;
- luteinizing;
- thyotropic;
- thyroxine.
Kuyezetsa magazi pogonana
Poyang'anizana ndi mayesero omwe angaperekedwe pokonzekera kutenga mimba ndilololedwa, tikuwona kuti pali maphunziro ena. Zisonyezo za khalidwe lawo ndi kuphwanya kwa chibadwa cha makolo kapena achibale awo. Kusanthula kumeneku kwa amayi kumayambanso. Pakati pa zizindikiro zazikulu za khalidweli, nkofunikira kusiyanitsa:
1. Msinkhu wa mayi woyembekezera ali zaka zoposa 35.
2. Kukhalapo kwa ana kuchokera kwa mimba yapitayi ndi matenda obadwa nawo:
- congenital hyperplasia ya adrenal cortex;
- zolepheretsa kukula;
- chromosomal pathologies;
- kuchepetsa maganizo.
3. Kuzoloŵera kuperewera kwa chidziwitso chosadziwika.
4. Kutsika kwapakati.
Kulumikizana koyeso pa kukonza mimba
Kulankhula za mayesero pakukonzekera kwa mimba, madokotala amalekanitsa phunziro ndikugwirizana kwa okwatirana. Mwachizoloŵezi ichi ndizozoloŵera kumvetsetsa kuphatikiza kwa maubwenzi ogonana. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti thupi la mkazi nthawi zambiri limatha kutenga njira yoberekera spermatozoa, monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zotsatira zake, kupanga kwambiri kwa mapuloteni a anti-antibody kumayambira, zomwe zimalepheretsa maselo achiwerewere. Mayeso oterewa atatenga mimba yozizira pokonza chotsatira ndilololedwa.
Poyezetsa dokotala, amachotsa ntchentche ya chiberekero kuchokera ku khola lachiberekero. Ndondomekoyi ikuchitika pasanathe ma ola asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu ndi limodzi (6-12) pambuyo pa kugonana. Zowawa zimapangidwa ndi microscopy. Mu chitsanzo cha sampuli, chiŵerengero chonse cha maselo aamuna amtundu wambiri amatsimikiziridwa, kuyenda kwawo ndi kuyenerera kumayesedwa. Ngati pali spermatozoa mumsampha, iwo ndi mafoni ndi othandiza - omwe amagonana nawo amakhala ogwirizana. Ngati spermatozoa sichiwonetsedwa mu ntchentche yophunzira kapena pali ochepa mwa iwo ndipo satha, amalankhula zosagwirizana.
Kufufuza kwa matenda opatsirana pakulera mimba
Njira zogwiritsira ntchito zachipatala zingathe kuzindikira kukhalapo kwa wothandizira m'thupi popanda chizindikiro cha chizindikiro cha kukhalapo kwake. Matenda opatsirana amapezeka kawirikawiri, zizindikiro zomwe zimawoneka ngakhale miyezi yodwala matenda. Pofuna kuti asatuluke pamene mwana akubadwa, madokotala amapereka mayesero okhudza kachilombo ka HIV pakukonzekera mimba, mndandanda wa zotsatirazi:
- Kujambula microscopy kumaphatikizapo kufufuza maselo a epithelial kuchokera ku urethra, khola lachiberekero.
- Mbeu ya bacteriological ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimaphatikizapo kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi makina oonera microscopy.
- Kusanthula kwa Immunoenzyme (ELISA) - kumaphatikizapo kupezeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'magazi a seramu.
- Mmene zimakhalira ndi immunofluorescence (RIF) - zimaphatikizapo mtundu wa zinthu zowonongeka komanso zowonongeka kwambiri.
- Mapulogalamu Amitundu Yambiri (PCR) - amathandizira kupeza zotsatira za majeremusi a causative wothandizira magazi, popanda zizindikiro.
Kufufuza kwa thrombophilia pokonzekera mimba
Kuyezetsa magazi pamene mukukonza mimba kumathandiza kuzindikira matenda ovuta, omwe akuphatikizidwa ndi kuphwanya magazi. Ndi thrombophilia, pali chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi zitseko - magazi, omwe amakhoza kuzimitsa lumen wa mchere ndi kusokoneza magazi. Chifukwa cha izi, poyankha funsolo: ndi mayesero ati omwe muyenera kuwapereka kwa amayi pokonzekera mimba, madokotala amachitanso mayeso a thrombophilia. Zisonyezo zake ndi izi:
- kupititsa pakati;
- osauka;
- matenda owopsa;
- mitsempha ya varicose;
- kupweteka kwa mtima;
- kupwetekedwa.