Pofuna kubzala masamba, nthawi zambiri amakula kudzera mbande. Izi ndizochitika ndi tomato, aubergines, kabichi, udzu winawake wamaluwa ndi mbewu zambiri za m'munda. Tiyeni tiwone zenizeni za kukula kwa mbande tsabola ndikuphunzira momwe tingachitire bwino.
Kodi mungamange bwanji tsabola wabwino kumudzi?
Choncho, nthawi zambiri timayamba ndi kusankha mbeu . Mukhoza kukula tsabola wokoma ku Bulgaria kapena zokometsera, kuyaka: sayansi yawo yaulimi si yosiyana kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri ya tsabola imakulolani kuti musankhe chilichonse chokhumba kukoma, mtundu ndi maonekedwe a masamba. Zotchuka kwambiri lerolino ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso yambiri monga Funtik, Junga, Buratino F1, Barguzin, Bagration, Katyusha, Alyosha Popovich, Isabella F1 ndi ena ambiri. Mbewu iyenera kugulidwa kuchokera kuzipangizo odziwika bwino, ndi tsiku lomwe limatha patsiku - mbewu zatsopano za tsabola, momwe kuchulukitsa kwawo kudzawonekera.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti muzitha kuwona nthawi yomwe mbeu yambewu imatulutsa mbeu. Monga lamulo, izi zatheka kuyambira kumapeto kwa February mpaka pakati pa March. Mawu enieni amadalira nyengo zomwe mumakhala. Choncho, ngati mukukhala kumpoto kwafupipafupi, muyenera kufesa mbande pang'ono kusiyana ndi pakati pa gulu.
Kuphunzitsa masewera olimbitsa thupi sikofunikira, koma n'kofunika kwambiri. Zimaphatikizapo kuthira mbewu mu njira yothetsera hydrogen peroxide, kukonzekera "Baikal" kapena madzi wamba. Mbeu yokonzekera imakula m'mbuyomo komanso mochuluka.
Kukonzekera chomera choyenera cha mbande za tsabola n'kofunikanso. Kusakaniza kwa nthaka yabwino kwa tsabola kumakhala ndi nthaka yakuda ndi mchenga, zomwe zimasakanizidwa mofanana ndi nthaka yomwe idagulidwa. Mukhoza kuwonjezera vermiculite pang'ono, yomwe imamasula nthaka ndipo salola kuti iume. Pogwiritsa ntchito chidebe cholima, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbande m'makaseti apadera okwana 50-100ml, ndipo pakusankha, kudutsa 1-2 lita miphika.
Kulima mbewu kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi ulamuliro wa kutentha . Wowonjezera mu chipinda ndipo dzuwa likamapanga mbande zako, mofulumira komanso mochezeka amatha. Mitengo yocheperapo ya kusintha kwa nyemba za tsabola ku mbande ndi 17-18 ° C, pafupifupi pafupifupi 24-25 ° C ndi apamwamba. Taganizirani mfundo yotsatirayi: Tsabola sakonda mazenera komanso ozizira. Choncho, kuti mupindule bwino, tikulimbikitsanso kutiyika pepala lokhala pansi pazitsulo.
Zowonjezera feteleza za mbande za tsabola ndi zotheka ndi feteleza iliyonse yovuta, yomwe imasinthidwa malinga ndi malangizo ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kamodzi pa sabata. Kuti mukhale ndi mbande zamphamvu, zomera zina zimafunikira nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu, chitsulo. Komabe, ngakhale mutadyetsa mbande nthawi zonse, koma zomera zimalandira pang'ono, zidzatambasula ndikufooka. Choncho, tsabola ndi yofunikanso kuunikira kusiyana ndi kuvala pamwamba.
Kuthirira mbande za tsabola kumafunika nthawi zonse, monga zomera zambiri. Pankhaniyi, chomerachi ndi chochepetsetsa: tsabola sayenera kutsanulidwa, koma sayenera kuuma. Makamaka izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachikondi, zomwe zimamera bwino, zomwe zimapangidwira bwino bwino kuchokera ku mfuti kapena kuthirira "pansi pa msana".
Kusankhidwa n'kofunika
Ndipo, potsiriza, taganizirani matenda a tsabola . Izi zimaphatikizapo mwendo wakuda, kupweteka kochedwa, bakiteriya, mazira, fusarium, zoyera ndi imvi zowola . Matendawa amadutsa zomera zako, amatsatira malamulo oyang'anira mbande, ayang'anire kutentha ndi kuthirira, ndipo pamene zizindikiro zoyamba zowonongeka, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala oyenera.