"Umphawi sizowonongeka." Mawu awa ndi ozolowereka kwa aliyense, koma kodi anthu okhala m'mayiko omwe omwe ali mndandanda wa mayiko osauka kwambiri padziko lapansi amaganiza bwanji? Amakhala bwanji m'mikhalidwe yotereyi? Ndipo "dziko losauka" limatanthauza chiyani? Tiyeni tiyesere kuzilingalira pamodzi.
Mayiko 10 osauka kwambiri
Padzikoli ndilo lamulo lofunika kwambiri la chilengedwe, lomwe limatsimikizira kuti dziko ndi lolemera kwambiri kapena losauka kwambiri. Kufunika kwake kumadalira zifukwa zingapo, kuphatikizapo kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu m'boma. Ndizomveka kuti boma liyenera kukhala ndi "anthu atsopano" omwe amabadwa ndi liwiro lalikulu. Tsoka ilo, mayiko osauka kwambiri ku Africa ndi Asia sangathe kuthetsa vutoli mozama, choncho chiwerengero cha anthu chikukulirakulira chaka ndi chaka.
Mdziko la United Nations, mayina a boma "mayiko osauka" amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kukula kwa chuma. Mndandanda wa "wakuda" uwu umaphatikizapo zomwe zikutanthauza kuti GDP kwa munthu aliyense sapeza ndalama zokwana madola 750. Pakalipano, pali mayiko okwana 48. Si chinsinsi chomwe osauka kwambiri ndi mayiko a Africa. Iwo ali pa mndandanda wa UN 33.
Maiko 10 osawuka kwambiri padziko lonse ndi awa:
- Togo;
- Malawi;
- Sierra Leone;
- Niger;
- Central African Republic;
- Eritrea;
- Burundi;
- Zimbabwe;
- Liberia;
- Democratic Republic of Congo, yemwe ndi mtsogoleri.
Togo ndi phosphorus yaikulu, mtsogoleri wotsatsa kunja kwa thonje, cocoa ndi khofi. Ndipo anthu ambiri okhala m'dzikoli ayenera kukhala pa $ 1.25 pa tsiku! Ku Malawi, vutoli likukhudzana ndi ngongole ku IMF. Mwachidziwitso chokhudzana ndi ntchito zawo, boma linapangitsa dzikoli kukhala lokhalokha pothandizidwa ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse a zachuma.
Sierra Leone ndi chitsanzo chabwino cholephera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachirengedwe. M'madera a dzikoli muli minda yamagazi, titaniyamu, bauxite, ndi anthu wamba a Sierra Lioni sangathe kudya kangapo patsiku! Mkhalidwe wofananawo wapangidwa ku CAR , yomwe ili ndi chuma chambiri. Ndalama ya munthu wokhalamo ndi dola imodzi yokha. Burundi ndi Liberia ndi mayiko omwe agonjetsedwa ndi nkhondo zankhondo, ndipo anthu a ku Zimbabwe amafa ndi AIDS asanakwanitse zaka makumi anayi. Ndipo ku Congo, vutoli ndi lovuta kwambiri, chifukwa matenda a anthu ammudzi amakhudzidwa ndi zochita za usilikali zosasokonezeka.
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Ulaya osauka
Zikuwoneka kuti pangakhale dziko losauka, lomwe liri kumadera a ku Ulaya, omwe amalingaliridwa kuti ndi malo opambana kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi? Koma pali mavuto a mtundu uwu pano. Inde, palibe mphamvu imodzi yokha ya ku Ulaya pambali ya chitukuko ndi GDP sizochepa kwa mayiko a Africa, koma maiko osauka kwambiri ku Ulaya - chochitika chenichenicho. Malingana ndi Eurostat, mayiko osauka kwambiri ku Ulaya ali Bulgaria, Romania ndi Croatia. Pazaka zitatu kapena zinayi zapitazi, dziko la Bulgaria likukhala bwino, koma Phindu la GDP lidali lochepa (osati oposa 47% pa avareji ku Ulaya).
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Tikaganizira mayiko omwe ali ku Ulaya, koma sali mamembala a EU, osauka kwambiri ndi Moldova. Ku Central Asia, GDP yotsika kwambiri inalembedwa ku Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan ndi Uzbekistan.
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti chaka chilichonse zomwe zikuchitika pa mayiko osauka padziko lonse lapansi zikusintha. Mphamvu zina zimapereka mwayi kwa ena, kumira kapena kukwera sitepe imodzi kapena ziwiri, koma chithunzi chonse nthawi zambiri sichimasintha. Kulimbana ndi umphaŵi wa anthu ndiwo ntchito yaikulu ya mdziko.