Ntchito ya endocrine dongosolo ndi yosawoneka kwa anthu, koma ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti zamoyo zonse zizigwira ntchito. Poyesa ntchito yake, m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa mahomoni a chithokomiro - chizoloŵezi cha zizindikirozi chimawonetsedwa mu pepala ndi zotsatira za kufufuza. Koma kutanthauzira kolondola kumatanthawuza chidziwitso chazinthu zina zopanda nzeru za kupanga zinthu zamoyo, cholinga chawo.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi mavitamini a chithokomiro
Musanayambe kufufuza, nkofunika kumvetsa kuti chithokomiro chimatulutsa mahomoni awiri okha:
- T3 - triiodothyronine (hormone yaikulu);
- T4 ndi tetraiodothyronine kapena thyroxine.
Zili zofunika kuti azitha kuyendetsa mphamvu zamagetsi m'thupi, komanso kuyendetsa ntchito zomwe zikuchitika monga:
- kusokonezeka kwa mtima;
- kupatsirana kwa mpweya wa mitsempha;
- kupweteka kwa matumbo;
- Kutuluka kwa chinyezi kuchokera pamwamba pa khungu ndi ena.
TSH (thyreotropic hormone) imapangidwira m'zipatala (chigawo cha ubongo), osati mu chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Zikuphatikizidwa mu phunziroli, chifukwa TSH ndiyotheka kuti T3 ndi T4 zikhale zovuta kwambiri pamene chiwerengero chawo chicheperachepera, chiberekero chimatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa chithokomiro molimbika kwambiri.
Pofuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa triiodothyronine ndi thyroxin, mfundo zaulere za T3 ndi T4 ndizofunika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira.
Ndikofunika kuti osati mahomoni a chithokomiro okhawo, komanso chitetezo cha mthupi kumatenda ake, mapuloteni ndi matenda. Izi zikuwonetsa ma antibodies (AT) ambiri ku zinthu zotsatirazi:
- TPO (thyroperoxidase) ndiyo insime yaikulu ya chithokomiro;
- TG (thyroglobulin) - mapuloteni okhala ndi ayodini, oyendetsera T3 ndi T4;
- thyrotropin hormone receptors.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kufotokozedwa kumeneku kumatanthawuza kuti:
- calcitonin - oncomarker;
- TSH (thyroxine-binding globulin) ndi mapuloteni othandizira.
Chifukwa cha kufufuza kwa zinthu zomwe zili pamwambazi, zigawo zingapo zimatha kudziwika:
- hypo- ndi hyperplasia wa chiwalo cha endocrine;
- chonchi ;
- chithandizo;
- chithandizo ;
- chotupa choopsa.
Kodi chimachitika n'chiyani kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro?
Kuti mukhulupirire zotsatira za phunziroli, ndibwino kuti mupereke magazi m'mabotakoni amakono ndi zipangizo zovuta kwambiri.
Ganizirani malire omwe alipo a chizindikiro chilichonse.
Makhalidwe aakulu a hormone ya Throid Th3 (nmol / L):
- chiwerengero - 1.06-3.14;
- mfulu - 2.62-5.77.
Kuchepa kwakukulu mu T3 kumasonyeza hypothyroidism, kutopa kwa chiwalo cha endocrine, kukhoza kusonyeza khansa.
Chizoloŵezi cha mahomoni a pituitary ndi chithokomiro gland TTG ndi T4 amawerengedwa mu magawo osiyanasiyana - MED / L ndi nmol / L, motsatira.
Makhalidwe ovomerezeka a TSH ali pakati pa 0.47 mpaka 4.15 uchi / l.
Malire amodzi a T4:
- chiwerengero - 71.23-142.25;
- mfulu - 9,56-22,3.
Komanso, pofufuza zotsatira za mayeso a mahomoni a chithokomiro m'magazi, nkofunika kudziwa malamulo a AT for TPO, TG, ndi thyrotropic receptors:
- antibodies to thyreperoxidase - zosakwana 5.67 U / ml;
- antibodies kwa thyroglobulin - titer
- antibodies kwa pTTG - osachepera 4 U / l.
Miyezo yolondola ya globulin ya thyroxin ikuchokera 222 mpaka 517 nmol / l.
Ponena za kutsimikiza kwa calcitonin monga chitsimikizo mu medullary (C-cellular) khansa ya chithokomiro, imachitika m'madera apadera. Chodalirika kwambiri ndi kufufuza kolimbikitsa, komwe magazi amachotsedwa pambuyo poyendetsa mankhwala a calcium gluconate (10%). Chochepa kwambiri chimawonjezeka ku calcitonin, ngakhale 0,5 zigawo zambiri kuposa chiwerengero chapamwamba cha chizoloŵezi, zingasonyeze kukula kwa chifuwa chachikulu.