Ngakhale mitengo ya apulo imawoneka ngati mitengo yamphamvu komanso yosadzichepetsa, iyenso amafunikira kusamalira ndi kukonza. Ndiponsotu, mungathe kukula maapulo ndi kusangalala ndi chilengedwe chomwe chapatsidwa, ndipo mukhoza kupanga khama ndikupeza kuchokera pamtengo uliwonse mpaka pamtunda.
Sikuti kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yokolola, munthu ayenera kuyendera munda wa apulo nthawi zambiri. Chofunika kwambiri ndi yophukira mankhwala a apulo m'dzinja kwa tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Pambuyo pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda musagone mu nyengo iliyonse, kotero kuti mlimi wabwino sangathe kupumula.
Kodi mitengo ya apulo ndi yotani?
Chofunika chachikulu chomwe chiyembekezeredwa pogwiritsira ntchito chitetezo cha mankhwala ndi kukonzekera zipatso za apulo m'nyengo yozizira. Kuti mitengo yopanda malire ikhale ndi chisanu choopsa, ayenera kulowa m'nyengo yozizira ndi mphamvu, osati yofooka ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, kumayambiriro kwa autumn kwa tizilombo tingathe kuchepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero chawo, ndipo m'chaka chiri ndi mwayi wokhala ndi maluwa ochulukirapo, osati osowa ndi nkhanambo kapena weevil.
Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza mitengo ndi ochepa, koma onse ali ndi zokwanira pamene agwiritsidwa bwino. Tiyeni tiwone momwe kugula kwa maapulo mitengo imachokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
Urea - mwinamwake wotchuka kwambiri mankhwala, yomwe ikuchitika ndi yophukira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Iyo imapha tizirombo zonse zomwe zilipo mu makungwa a dzinja, ndikuwotcha. Koma kuti musamavulaze nkhuni zokha, m'pofunikira kusunga chiwerengero choyenera. Pambuyo kukolola m'dzinja, mtengo wa apulo umathandizidwa ndi 5% yothetsera vutoli, ndipo masambawo atagwa, chiwerengero chawonjezeka kufika 10%.
Pofuna kuthira mankhwala onse a meddinits, nsabwe za m'masamba, whitefly ndi weevil zimagwirizana bwino ndi "Kukonzekera 30". Chida ichi chimakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana - sizimasula zinthu zovulaza m'makungwa ndi nkhuni koma zimapha tizilombo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti atapopera mankhwala, pamene njira yothetsera imatha kupitirira 1:50 kugunda, filimu yochepa, yosawoneka imapangidwa. Zimalepheretsa kupuma kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo posakhalitsa amafa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mpweya.
Zonse zomwe zimadziwika kuti mkuwa ndi vitriol zachitsulo zimakuthandizani kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha tizirombo mumtengo ndikuwathandiza. Choncho, pogwiritsa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, n'zotheka kutulutsa njenjete, mite, weevil ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana pa mtengo wa apulo, komanso mofanana ndi kuchotsa nkhanambo ndi matenda a anthracnose, matenda aakulu a mtengo wa apulo.
Kusamba kwa sekondale kwa zipatso za apulo
Kupopera mbewu mankhwala ndizofunika kwambiri zogwiritsira ntchito zida zankhondo. Chifukwa cha malowa, 90% ya tizirombo ndi matenda angasokonezeke. Koma izi sizikhala zokwanira, ngati simusamalire nthawi zooneka ngati zosafunika ngati:
- nthambi zowonongeka;
- kuyeretsa ndi kubwezeretsanso masamba;
- kukumba mu mitengo ikuluikulu.
Zimadziwika kuti mikangano yambiri yomwe imayambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo tina timatentha kwambiri pakati pa masamba ogwa ndipo ndi okonzeka kuwononga mitengo ya zipatso m'chaka. Pochepetsa kuchepa kwa matendawa, atatha kutayika kwa masamba, amatengedwera kumtunda kapena kutayidwa ndi mpweya.
Nthambi zathyoledwa m'nyengo ya chilimwe, kukula kwakukulu ndi kuphulika ziyenera kuthetsedwa ndikuzichita bwino ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira. Pa ntchito yotereyi, nthawi zambiri zimatha kupeza tizilombo tating'onoting'ono pa nthambi zazikulu ndi thunthu, zomwe zimawonongeke. Malo amagona nthambi zosafunikira, ndipo mabala ena ali odzaza ndi mpesa wamunda.
Kuti apulole bwino nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kwaimitsidwa mu September. Pambuyo pake, mitengo ikuluikuluyi imakumbidwa mosakanikirana ndi zipilala, kuti zisayambe kuwononga mizu ndi kuyamwa ndi humus ndi mineral feteleza. Konzekerani motere, munda wa zipatso wa apulo udzatulutsa ubweya wa chisanu ndi mvula mwadzidzidzi, ndipo masika adzatulutsa maluwa okongola kwambiri.