Anthu ambiri ali ndi zofufuzira zamkati zomwe zimathandiza kusiyanitsa pakati pa zabwino ndi zoipa m'moyo. Ndikofunika kuphunzira kumvera mawu mkati mwanu ndikutsatira uphungu wake, kenako adzakutsogolerani kuti mukhale ndi tsogolo losangalatsa.
Kodi chikumbumtima chimatanthauza chiani?
Pali ziganizo zingapo za lingaliro lotero: motero, chikumbumtima chimaonedwa kuti ndi luso lodzidzimitsa yekha udindo wake wa kudziwunika ndikudziyesa zomwe anachita. Akatswiri a zamaganizo, kufotokoza zomwe chikumbumtima chili ndi mawu awo, kupereka tanthauzo lotere: izi ndi khalidwe lamkati lomwe limapereka mwayi womvetsetsa bwino momwe munthu amadziwira yekha udindo wa ntchito yabwino.
Kuti mudziwe chomwe chiri chikumbumtima, m'pofunika kuzindikira kuti lagawidwa mu mitundu iwiri. Woyamba amatanthauza zochita zomwe munthu amachita, kukhala ndi chikhalidwe china. Mtundu wachiwiri umatanthauza malingaliro omwe munthu amamva chifukwa cha zochita zina, mwachitsanzo, kudziona ngati wolakwa . Pali anthu omwe samadandaula ngakhale atachita zinthu zoipa ndipo panthawi yomwe akunena kuti mau amkati ali m'tulo.
Kodi chikumbumtima cha Freud n'chiyani?
Katswiri wa zamaganizo wodziwika amakhulupirira kuti munthu aliyense ali ndi superego, yomwe imakhala ndi chikumbumtima komanso chidziwitso. Yoyamba imayamba chifukwa choleredwa ndi makolo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zilango zosiyana. Chikumbumtima cha Freud chimaphatikizapo kuthekera kudzidzudzula, kukhala ndi makhalidwe ena abwino ndi kuonekera kwa kudziimba mlandu. Ponena za kuchoka kwachiwiri-njira yabwino, imachokera ku kuvomerezedwa ndi kuyesedwa bwino kwa zochita. Freud amakhulupirira kuti superego inakhazikitsidwa bwino pamene ulamuliro wa makolowo udaloledwa ndi kudziletsa.
Mitundu ya chikumbumtima
Mwina ambiri adzadabwa ndi mfundoyi, koma pali mitundu yambiri ya khalidweli. Mtundu woyamba ndi chikumbumtima chaumwini, chomwe chimayang'ana mopepuka. Ndi chithandizo chake, munthu amazindikira chomwe chili chabwino ndi choipa. Chotsatira cha chikumbumtima chokha chimagwirizanitsa zofuna ndi zochita za iwo omwe sali okhudzidwa ndi mtundu waumwini. Zili ndi malire, popeza zimakhudza anthu okha omwe ali mamembala a gulu linalake. Mtundu wachitatu - chikumbumtima chauzimu sichilingalira zolephera za mitunduyi.
Kodi chikumbumtima n'chiyani?
Anthu ambiri amafunsa funso ili kamodzi kamodzi pa miyoyo yawo, ndipo kotero, ngati kulibe mawu amkati, ndiye kuti munthuyo sangasinthe zomwe ndi zabwino komanso zoipa. Popanda kulamulira mkati mwathu kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino, ziyenera kukhala ndi wothandizira yemwe adatsogolera, akulangiza ndi kuthandizira kupeza mfundo zolondola. Mfundo ina yofunika yokhudzana ndi chifukwa chake munthu amafunika chikumbumtima ndikumuthandiza munthu kumvetsa moyo, kupeza chofunikira komanso kudzidziwitsa yekha. Izi ziyenera kunenedwa kuti sizingakhale zosiyana ndi makhalidwe ndi makhalidwe.
Kodi kumatanthauza kukhala ndi moyo mogwirizana ndi chikumbumtima?
Mwamwayi, koma si anthu onse omwe angadzitamande kuti amakhala ndi malamulo, akuiwala za khalidwe ili ndikudzipereka okha. Chifukwa cha khalidwe la mkatili, munthu amachita zinthu zina, kumvetsa chabwino ndi choipa, komanso amadziwa mfundo ngati chilungamo ndi makhalidwe abwino. Munthu amene amakhala ndi chikhulupiliro cha chikumbumtima, amatha kukhala m'choonadi komanso m'chikondi. Kwa iye, makhalidwe monga chinyengo, kusakhulupirika, kusaona mtima ndi zina zotero sizilandiridwa.
Ngati mumatsatira malamulo, ndiye kuti mumvetsere moyo wanu womwe, womwe udzakuthandizani kusankha njira yoyenera pamoyo wanu. Pankhaniyi, munthu sangagwire ntchito zomwe adzachite manyazi komanso kudziimba mlandu. Kuti mumvetsetse chikumbumtima choyera, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti m'dziko lamasiku ano sikuvuta kupeza anthu okhala ndi khalidweli, chifukwa pali zambiri ndi mayesero m'moyo mukangolowa mzere. Kupanga khalidweli kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kulera ndi malo oyandikana nawo, kumene mwanayo angatenge chitsanzo.
Nchifukwa chiyani anthu amachita chikumbumtima?
Kuitana moyo wamasiku ano, ndizosatheka, chifukwa pafupifupi tsiku lililonse munthu amakumana ndi mayesero ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amadziwa momwe angachitire motsatira chikumbumtima, nthawi zina anthu amapyola mzere. Chifukwa chomwe chikumbumtima chachoka, chiri ndi chifukwa choyambitsa. Nthaŵi zambiri, munthu amadzipatulira zofuna zake kuti akwaniritse zolinga zake. Kulimbikitsanso kwina kungakhale zolinga zodzikonda, chilakolako chosafuna kutuluka kwa anthu, kudziteteza tokha ku zida za ena ndi zina zotero.
Kodi chikumbumtima chimakhala chotani?
Munthu akamatsatira malamulo ake, amadziwa chilungamo cha kukwaniritsa ntchito zake ndipo samapweteketsa zochita za wina aliyense, amalankhula za lingaliro ngati "chikumbumtima" kapena "chiyeretso". Pankhaniyi, munthuyo samva kapena sakudziwa yekha ntchito zoipa. Ngati munthu asankha kukhala ndi chikumbumtima, nthawi zonse ayenera kuganizira za udindo wake wokha, komanso maganizo ake ndi momwe iwo akumvera. Akatswiri a zamaganizo amakhulupirira kuti chikhulupiliro cha chikumbumtima chawo n'choyera ndi chinyengo kapena amasonyeza ubongo pochita zolakwa zawo.
Kodi chikumbumtima choipa n'chiyani?
Chosiyana kwambiri ndi tanthawuzo lapitalo, popeza chikumbumtima choipa ndikumverera kosasangalatsa komwe kwachitika chifukwa chochita choyipa, chomwe chimayambitsa chisokonezo ndi maganizo. Chikumbumtima chosayera chiri pafupi kwambiri ndi lingaliro lodzimva ngati lodzimva, ndipo munthu wake amamva pamfundo, mwachitsanzo, mwa mantha, nkhawa ndi mavuto ena. Chotsatira chake, munthu amakumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana mkati mwake, komanso kumvetsera mawu amkati, malipiro a zotsatira zolakwika amapezeka.
Kodi kuzunzika kwa chikumbumtima ndi chiyani?
Kuchita zinthu zoipa, munthu amayamba kuda nkhawa chifukwa chakuti adavulaza ena. Mavuto a chikumbumtima ndikumva chisoni chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri anthu amadziwonetsera okha ndi zofuna zawo zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe akufunikira. Makhalidwe abwino amkati amaleredwa ali mwana, pamene makolo amatamandidwa chifukwa cha zabwino, ndi zoipa. Chotsatira chake, kwa nthawi yonse ya moyo, kulibe mantha ena mwa munthu kuti adzalangidwe chifukwa cha zochita zosachita zolakwika ndipo panthawi yomwe akunena kuti chikumbumtima chimapweteka.
Pali lingaliro limodzi, malingana ndi chikumbumtima chomwe chiri mtundu wa chida chimene chimayesa muyeso weniweni wa zinthu. Pa zosankha zabwino munthuyo amapeza kukhutira, ndipo chifukwa choipa amazunzidwa ndi kulakwa. Zimakhulupirira kuti ngati anthu samakhala ndi mavuto oterewa, ndiye kuti ichi ndi chizindikiro cha maganizo . Asayansi sanadziwebe, chifukwa cha zomwe sizikhala zomveka ndi manyazi, kotero pali lingaliro lakuti cholakwika ndi maphunziro osayenerera kapena zinthu za chilengedwe.
Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati chikumbumtima changa chikundivutitsa?
Zimakhala zovuta kukumana ndi munthu yemwe angatsimikizire kuti sanachite zolakwika pazomwe amakhulupirira. Kudzimva kuti ndi wolakwa kungasokoneze maganizo, osapatsa kusangalala ndi moyo, kukulirakulira ndi zina zotero. Pali zifukwa pamene munthu wamkulu akukhala ndi mfundo zambiri pamakhalidwe abwino ndikuyamba kukumbukira zolakwitsa za m'mbuyomo ndipo mavuto omwe ali nawo ndi moyo wake sangapewe. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe mungachite ngati chikumbumtima chikuzunzidwa.
- Simukusowa kuyesa kutulutsa mau amkati ndipo ndi bwino kuthetsa chirichonse kuti mupeze mtendere wa m'maganizo. Nthawi zambiri zolakwitsa zimathandiza kupeza zokhudzana ndi kukwaniritsa zinthu zofunika kwambiri.
- Mwinamwake, ndi nthawi, pogwiritsa ntchito zochitika za moyo, kuganiziranso ndikukhazikitsanso mfundo za makhalidwe abwino.
- Kuti mumvetsetse chikumbumtima ndi momwe mungagwirizanitsire ndi izo, ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira yabwino kwambiri - kulapa ndi chiwombolo. Anthu ambiri amapulumuka kwa nthawi yaitali kuchokera kwa iwo okha ndi kuvomereza kulakwa, zomwe zimangowonjezera mkhalidwewo. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kulapa kuti mupeze njira yokonza.
Mmene mungakhalire ndi chikumbumtima mwa munthu?
Makolo ayenera kuganizira momwe angalerere munthu wabwino yemwe angadziwe chikumbumtima chake, ndi momwe angachigwiritsire ntchito molondola. Pali miyambo yambiri yoleredwa ndipo ngati tikulankhula zazing'onong'ono, ndiye izi ndizokwanira komanso zowonjezereka. Njira yokhala ndi makhalidwe apamtima ofunika akudalira kwambiri makolo. Chofunika kwambiri ndi siteji ya kufotokoza, pamene akuluakulu amawuza mwana chifukwa chake chinachake chingachitike, koma chinachake sichitha kuchitika.
Ngati, m'mene tingakhalire ndi chikumbumtima, timakonda anthu akulu, ndiye kuti mfundo ndizosiyana. Choyamba, muyenera kuganizira ndi kulingalira zomwe zisankho ndi zabwino komanso zoipa. Ndikofunika kudziwa chifukwa chake ndi zotsatira zake. Kuti mumvetsetse kuti chikumbumtima ndi chiyani komanso m'mene mungakhalire ndi khalidweli, akatswiri a maganizo amalimbikitsa kuchita chinthu chimodzi chabwino tsiku ndi tsiku, chomwe chili chofunika kudziyamika.
Pezani lamulo - musanapereke lonjezo, ganizirani mosamala ngati mukufuna. Pofuna kudzimva kuti ndi wolakwa, ndikofunika kuletsa mawu omwe wapatsidwa. Akatswiri amalangiza kuti aphunzire kukana anthu omwe amapereka kuchita zosiyana ndi zikhulupiriro zomwe zilipo kale. Kuchita mwachikumbumtima, izi sizikutanthauza kuchita zonse kwa ena okha, kuiwala za moyo wawo ndi zofunikira. Kuchita m'choonadi, mutha kuyembekezera kulandira zotsatira zomwe zidzakwaniritse ophunzira onse.