Kodi chidziwitso cha maganizo ndi chiyani, chidziwitso chimakhudza bwanji moyo wa munthu?

Kodi chidziwitso - chiyambireni nthawi zakale woganiza ndi ochiritsa akuyesera kumvetsa ngati chodabwitsa, kodi chimakhudzana ndi moyo kapena ndi moyo wokha? Kodi maganizo amwalira ndi munthuyo? Palibe yankho la mafunso ambiri lerolino, koma wina akhoza kunena za chidziwitso kuti popanda iye palibe munthu woganiza.

Chisamaliro - tanthauzo

Chisamaliro ndicho ntchito yabwino kwambiri ya ubongo, khalidwe lokha kwa anthu ndipo limaphatikizapo kuwonetsa zenizeni, kuyanjana ndi izo kudzera mukumanga kwa maganizo m'maganizo, kuwerengera koyambirira kwa zotsatira ndi kuzindikira kudziko lapansi. Kuzindikira kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kulankhula ndi kulingalira . Mapangidwe a chidziwitso mu filosofi ali ndi mgwirizano wambiri ndi anthu, mu psychology chidwi chachikulu chimaperekedwa kwa chidziwitso chomwe chinawuka ndipo chinasiyanitsidwa ndi chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe.

Kodi chidziwitso mu psychology ndi chiyani?

Kodi chidziwitso chaumunthu chimafika pati kwa openda maganizo? Kuzindikira mu maganizo ndi chisonyezero cha munthu yekha, ntchito yake ndi momwe iye aliri-kotero L. Vygotsky akuganiza. Akatswiri a zamaganizo a ku France a Halbwachs ndi Durkheim anaona chidziwitso ngati ndege pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro ndi malingaliro ake. W. James anatanthauzira chidziwitso monga mbuye wa ndondomeko zamaganizo zomwe zimachitika ndi phunzirolo.

Kodi nzeru mufilosofi ndi chiyani?

Kuzindikira mu filosofi ndiko luso lophunzira zinthu, kulumikizana nawo ndi dziko lonse. Chidziwitso ndi mawonekedwe omwe sungaganizidwe mosiyana ndi dziko lapansi. Munthu amakumbidwa kwathunthu ndi chidziwitso ndipo sangathe kupitilapo, ndiye kuti ngati palibe chidziwitso, ndiye kuti palibe chomwe chiripo. Mavuto osiyanasiyana a filosofi amamasulira chidziwitso mwanjira yawo:

1. Dualism (Plato, Descartes) - mzimu (chidziwitso) ndi nkhani (thupi) ndi ziwiri zokha koma zowonjezera. Thupi limamwalira, koma chidziwitso n'chosafa, ndipo pambuyo pa imfa, malingaliro ake ndi mawonekedwe ake amabwerera.
2. Zolinga (J. Berkeley) - chidziwitso ndizofunikira, ndipo zinthu zomwe zili padziko lapansi sizili kunja kwa lingaliro la chidziwitso.
3. Kukonda chuma (F. Engels, D. Davidson) - chidziwitso ndi chinthu chokonzekera kwambiri, chikuwonetsa dziko lapansi ndikulenga.
4. Chihindu ndi chidziwitso cha "mboni yopanda malire yomwe imayang'ana zinthu zakuthupi (Practi).
5. Chibuddha - chirichonse chiri chidziwitso.

Kusamala kwaumunthu

Mapangidwe a chidziwitso amaphatikizapo malingaliro ena kwa chilengedwe, kwa anthu ndipo kuchokera pa ichi chithunzi cha munthu pa dziko lapansi chimapangidwa. Ubale wothandizira, kuzindikira ndi kudziŵa - zonsezi ndizo zidziwitso zaumunthu waumunthu, ndikukhazikitsa mwachindunji pakati pa anthu. Ngati timakhala ndi chidziwitso chodziwika bwino, tingathe kusiyanitsa zomwe zimayambira:

• ntchito - chidziwitso cha dziko lapansi ndi munthu mwachindunji;
• zolinga - chokhumba kapena chokopa kukwaniritsa zolinga zokonzedweratu.

Ntchito za chidziwitso

Mapangidwe ndi ntchito za chidziwitso zimalumikizidwa ndi kugwirizana ndi dziko lakunja, momwe munthu amadziwira yekhayo ndikukhala ngati olamulira pofuna kuthetsa mavuto ofunika ndi kukhala ndi chidziwitso. Ntchito zotsatirazi za chidziwitso ndizofunika kwambiri:

• kuyendetsa (kulingalira, kulingalira ndi kuyerekezera zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa zochitika malinga ndi kusanthula zachilengedwe, kayendedwe ka khalidwe lawo ndi zotsatira pa gulu);
• kulenga (kuzindikira za chirengedwe, zozizwitsa za njira ndi kupeza chidziwitso cha mitundu yosiyana ndi ufulu umene ungapange china chatsopano);
• chidziwitso (chifukwa cha kusinthira mfundo ndi zithunzithunzi zabwino kuti adziwe zenizeni);
• Kulankhulana (kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha machitidwe osiyanasiyana a mawu ndi opanda mawu, njira zamakono zowankhulirana pofuna kuyankhulana);
• kudzikuza (kuzindikira kuchokera pa kukumbukira kumaphatikiza chidziwitso kuti munthu wapadera adzichotsa yekha, kapena kudziŵa mibadwo yakale);
• malingaliro (kuthekera kwa chidziwitso kuti azindikire chidziwitso, zochita ndi ntchito za anthu ena ndikugwiritsira ntchito molingana ndi zosowa zawo).

Makhalidwe a chidziwitso

Mbali yaikulu ya chidziwitso ndi kuzindikira "Ine" - "Ndine!", "Ndikuganiza!" "Ndilipo!". Zigawo kapena zidziwitso zaumunthu, zomwe zimapereka zomwe munthu anganene za iye mwini "I ..!":

1. Kukhala ndi chidziwitso - lili ndi gwero la chiyambi chosamvetsetseka, zifanizo ndikutanthauzira zimabadwa apa (zowona, katundu wa kuyenda, ntchito zothandiza, zithunzi zowonongeka), ndipo kukhala ndikuwonetseredwa ndi kulengedwa (ntchito zovuta
2. Kulingalira kumaganizira za dziko lapansi , kuyendetsa khalidwe (kudzidziwitsa, kudzidziwa, kudzidalira, kudziganizira nokha kapena kulingalira). Kusungunuka kwa chidziwitso kumapanga ntchito yofufuza momwe zinthu zilili, kugawanitsa zonse mu zigawo ndi kufotokozera maubwenzi omwe amachititsa.

Kukula kwa chidziwitso

Chofunika ndi chikhalidwe cha chidziwitso chinasinthika kupyolera mu chisinthiko, monga momwe tawonera kuchokera muzigawo zotsatira pambuyo pa wina ndi mzake:

1. Psychic ya nyama ndi asanakhale munthu . Apa kusiyana kuli kosavomerezeka, palibe chidziwitso cha munthu aliyense, prehumans amasiyanasiyana ndi nyamakazi zanzeru mwa kukhalapo kwa chidziwitso cha anthu, chomwe chimaphatikizapo lingaliro lofanana, ntchito, imodzi kwa onse, kuganiza kuti inali yolimbikitsanso chitukuko cha gawo lotsatira.
2. Chikumbumtima . Pakati pa "phukusi" la anthu, "munthu" wamphamvu ndi wochenjera amadziwika: mtsogoleri, mawonekedwe apamwamba amapezeka, ndipo chidziwitso chikusintha. Chidziwitso cha mbuzi chinathandiza kuti munthu aliyense akhale wotetezedwa, ndipo zolinga ndi ntchito zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zimathandizira kulanda madera ndikuwonjezera chiwerengero cha ziweto.
3. Kuzindikira kwa munthu wololera . Zomwe zimachitika tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zochitika za chilengedwe zakhala zikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso ndi dongosolo la manjenje lonse lathunthu. Kuganizira za iwo okha ndi chikhalidwe cha zinthu zimawonekera.
4. Kusamala kwa munthu wa mtundu wafuko, kudzidzimva . Kuyenerera kwa ntchito zapamwamba za ubongo kumachitika: kulankhula, kulingalira (makamaka zenizeni).

Kusamala chidziwitso

Kuti mudzidziwe nokha muyenera kudziwa chomwe chiri chidziwitso, ndi njira ziti zamaganizo zomwe zimachitika mu ubongo, popanda izo zimakhala zovuta kudzikonzekera nokha kuti mukwaniritse zolinga, kuti mupange zolimbikitsa. Kodi chidziwitso chimakhudza bwanji moyo wa munthu chikhoza kuwonetsedwa pa ntchito iliyonse yeniyeni. Zisanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito, munthu amamanga pamutu pake, ndiye kudzera muzinthu zina, njira zowonjezera zimapangidwira. Popanda kutsogolera komanso kudziletsa, ntchito iliyonse sizingatheke - ichi ndichinthu chodziwika bwino.

Kugwirizana pakati pa chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso chaumunthu

Chisamaliro ndi chidziwitso mu psychology ndi zigawo za psyche munthu. Pakati pawo pali mgwirizano, zimakhulupirira kuti chidziwitso chimangokhala "pamphepete mwa nyanja", pamene chidziwitso ndi chinthu chamdima, chopanda pake chomwe chirichonse chimene munthu nthawi zambiri samachizindikira chimabisika. Mothandizidwa ndi njira zamaganizo ndi zamaganizo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito , akatswiri angathandize kuzindikira zoopsa zakale zomwe zasokonezedwa mosazindikira, zomwe zimakhudza moyo wa lero.

Kodi chidziwitso cha anthu ndi chiyani?

Kwa nthawi iliyonse m'mbiri ya anthu panali zizindikiro zawo, zikhulupiliro, malingaliro - omwe ali pamodzi ndi chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu chimene chimatsutsana ndi munthu aliyense ndipo chimakhala ndi mbali ya uzimu. Malingaliro a anthu pa filosofi, monga chodabwitsa kuyambira kale, anachititsa chidwi chachikulu cha sayansi ndi oganiza bwino akufotokozeranso izo monga chidziwitso cha onse.

Miyezo ya chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe

Kuwonekera ndi kukula kwa chidziwitso cha munthu payekha kumagwirizana ndi njira zomwe zimachitika mdziko panthawi yake. Kuzindikira kwa munthu aliyense "kugwirizana" wina ndi mzake kumapanga chidziwitso cha anthu. Momwe anthu amadziwira ndikugwirizanitsa ndi chidziwitso choyandikanacho, amatsimikizira miyezo ya chitukuko cha chidziwitso cha anthu ndi kuya. Afilosofi ndi akatswiri a zaumulungu amasiyanitsa zikhalidwe zotsatirazi za chikhalidwe cha anthu, ana awo:

1. Kawirikawiri - ndizochitika kwa anthu onse apadziko lapansi ndipo zimapangidwa kudzera muzochitika zothandiza tsiku ndi tsiku. Kodi chidziwitso chodziwika ndi chiyani? Mwiniwake, ndizowoneka, osati zosinthidwa, maziko ake ndizochitika tsiku ndi tsiku.
2. Zopeka - zenizeni zimatsimikiziridwa pa chikhalidwe chofunikira, zochitika zonse ndi malingaliro a moyo wa anthu ndizokhazikitsidwa, pamlingo uwu kumvetsetsa malamulo a chitukuko. Zonyamulira za chidziwitso cha anthu: asayansi, theorists zosiyana za sayansi. Zomwe amakhulupirira ndi zodziwika zimagwirizana ndikuyamba chimodzi mwazo.
3. Chisamaliro chaumoyo - chilichonse chomwe chimachitika pakati pa anthu, chisokonezo, maganizo, miyambo ina. Kupangidwa moyandikana ndi chitukuko cha mbiriyakale, ikhoza kusiyana m'magulu osiyanasiyana kapena gulu la anthu. Maganizo aumunthu amachititsa chidwi cha anthu pa zochitika za chikhalidwe cha anthu, chikhalidwe cha dziko ndi malingaliro.
4. Maganizo ndi mlingo wosonyeza kayendedwe ka maganizo ndi maganizo a anthu, umoyo wake wauzimu, zosowa ndi zofuna zawo. Amapangidwa ndi ndale, akatswiri, akatswiri a zaumulungu mwadala.