HIV

Mpaka pano, kachilombo ka HIV kamene kamakhala koopsa kwambiri. Malinga ndi zomwe zatchulidwa posachedwa, pa dziko lathu lapansi pafupifupi 35 miliyoni anthu ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, omwe amafunikira kuchiza kachirombo ka HIV.

Kodi pali mankhwala a HIV?

Monga momwe zimadziwira, mankhwala oletsa tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matendawa, omwe amaletsa kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa kachilomboka, komanso kuteteza mawu ake ku maselo abwino. Mwamwayi, palibe mankhwala omwe amatha kuthetseratu munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, pamene kachilombo kamene kamasinthira mwamsanga ndikuchiritsa. Ngakhale mtima wochenjera kwambiri komanso wodalirika wa kumwa mankhwala kumathandiza kuti usatayike komanso kuti upitirize moyo kwa zaka zoposa 10. Choncho, akuyembekezeredwa kuti tsiku lina iwo adzapeza kapena akubwera ndi mankhwala a HIV omwe amachiritsa mpaka kumapeto.

Mankhwala omwe alipo

HIV ndi retrovirus, ndiyo HIV yomwe ili ndi RNA m'maselo ake. Polimbana nalo, mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi kachilombo ka HIV kachitidwe kake:

1. Zizindikiro za reverse transcriptase.
2. Protease inhibitors.
3. Inhibitors ya integrase.
4. Zosakaniza za kusakaniza ndi kulowa mkati.

Kukonzekera kuchokera m'magulu onse kumapititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha HIV pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za moyo wake. Zimalepheretsa kuchulukitsa kwa maselo a HIV ndikuletsa zochita zawo. Mchitidwe wamankhwala wamakono, mankhwala angapo ochepetsa ma antiretroviral ochokera m'magulu angapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yomweyo, chifukwa mankhwala oterewa amathandiza kwambiri kuteteza kusintha kwa kachilombo kwa mankhwala ndi kutuluka kwa resistivity (bata) cha matendawa.

Tsopano nthawi ikuyembekezera pamene iwo apanga mankhwala onse a HIV, omwe ali ndi ziwalo zolepheretsa kalasi iliyonse, osati kungoletsa kukula kwa kachilomboka, komanso chifukwa cha imfa yake yosasinthika.

Kuonjezera apo, pofuna kuchiza matenda, mankhwala osokoneza ma ARV amagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma amalola thupi kuti lipirire mavuto ake ndi kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.

Kodi adzalandira chithandizo cha HIV?

Asayansi padziko lonse akukhazikitsa mankhwala atsopano a kachirombo ka HIV. Taganizirani zowonjezereka kwambiri.

Nullbasic. Dzina limeneli laperekedwa kwa mankhwala omwe anapangidwa ndi wasayansi ochokera ku Institute for Medical Research mumzinda wa Klinsland (Australia). Wogwirizanitsa amanena kuti, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mapuloteni a kachilombo kachitidwe ka mankhwala, HIV imayamba kumenyana. Motero, kukula ndi kuchulukitsa kwa kachilomboko kumasiya, koma pamapeto pake imfa ya maselo omwe ali kale amayamba.

Kuonjezerapo, akafunsidwa kuti mankhwalawa abwera kuchokera ku HIV, wolingalirayo akuyankha molimbikitsa - m'zaka 10 zotsatira. Mu 2013, zowonetsera zinyama zayamba kale, ndipo mayesero owonjezereka azachipatala adakonzedwa mwa anthu. Chimodzi mwa zotsatira zabwino za maphunziro ndi kusinthira kwa kachilomboko dziko losavomerezeka (losagwira ntchito).

SiRNA. Anapanga mankhwala awa kwa HIV ndi asayansi a ku America ochokera ku yunivesite ya Colorado. Molekyu yake imalepheretsa maonekedwe a majini omwe amalimbikitsa kuchulukitsa kwa maselo a kachilomboka, ndipo amawononga chipolopolo chake cha mapuloteni. Pakali pano, kufufuza mwakhama kukuchitika ndi kuyesera kwa mbewa zamtunduwu, zomwe zasonyeza kuti mamolekyu a chinthucho sali a poizoni ndipo amalola kuti chiwerengero cha RNA cha kachilombochi chichepetsedwe kwa milungu yoposa 3.

Akatswiri a sayunivesite amanena kuti kupititsa patsogolo zipangizo zamakono zothandizira mankhwalawa kungathandize kuthetsa nkhondo osati kokha kachirombo ka HIV, komanso AIDS.