Gulu la parathyroid ndi gawo lofunika la dongosolo la endocrine. Ali ndi ntchito yapadera m'moyo wa thupi. Ngati akuphwanya ntchito yake, kusintha kwa ma hormonal kusintha, komwe kumayambitsa chitukuko chachikulu.
Gulu la Parathyroid - gawo m'thupi
Kunja chiwalo ichi cha dongosolo la endocrine chikufanana ndi "chilumba". Chiwerengero cha glands chimasiyanasiyana. Pa 80% ya anthu alipo awiri awiri a "islets", ndi otsala - kuyambira zidutswa 6 mpaka 12. Ngakhale zipangizozi zimachotsedwa, zimagwira ntchito ngati chiwalo chimodzi. "Zizilumba" zimenezi zili ndi mitundu iwiri ya maselo. Minofu yakuda imatulutsa hormone ya parathyroid. Maselo ofiira alibe ntchito pang'ono.
Mahomoni a mtundu wa parathyroid ali ndi mayina angapo:
- parathyrine;
- chiwerengero;
- parathyreocrine.
Kwenikweni, mtundu wa parathyroid wapangidwa kuti uchite ntchito yapadera: umayendetsa mlingo wa kashiamu mu thupi. Lamulo likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mfundo yosiyana. Pamwamba pa "zilumba" palipadera zapadera. Amayesa ndondomeko ya calcium. Ngati "otsogolera "wa akupeza chizindikiro chochepa cha pulogalamuyi, nthawi yomweyo pali chizindikiro choyambitsa glands za parathyroid. Zimapanga hormone ya parathyroid.
Zotsatira zake, kusintha kumeneku kumachitika m'thupi:
- Mlingo wa calcium umene umatulutsidwa mu mkodzo umachepetsedwa (izi zimatheka chifukwa chakuti zinthu zambirizi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumachubu yamphongo);
- mavitamini D owonjezera kwambiri, omwe amachititsa kuchuluka kwa calcitriol, kuphatikizapo kupanga mapuloteni;
- maselo omwe amawononga mafupa a mitsempha amatsekedwa, kotero kuti chiwerengero cha calcium mu magazi chikuwonjezeka.
Ntchito ya mtundu wa Parathyroid
Matendawa, omwe amasonyeza kusakwanira kokwanira kwa homoniroid, kapena amachepetsanso mphamvu zowonjezera. Zifukwa za hypofunction (dzina la sayansi - hypoparathyroidism) ndi:
- Matenda omwe amadzimadzimadzimadzi , omwe ma antibodies amapangidwa ku maselo osasangalatsa;
- kuperewera kwa vitamini D;
- kuchotsa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ;
- poizoni wa mankhwala (kutsogolera, carbon dioxide, ndi zina zotero);
- kupweteka kwa khosi, zomwe zinayambitsa kutaya kwa magazi mu chiwalo cha endocrine;
- zotupa zomwe zimachitika m'thupi;
- mlingo wautali wa radio;
- gland ya parathyroid yopanda chitukuko;
- metastases.
Kuweruza kuti galasi ya parathyroid imagwira ntchito yake, zizindikiro zidzakuthandizani. Iwo amasiyana pakati pawo panthawi yoyamba ya matendawa, ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matendawa komanso kusowa kochepa kwa homoniyoni. Zizindikiro zikhoza kuwonjezeka ndi nkhawa, chifukwa cha hypothermia kapena kutentha kwambiri. Zizindikiro za gawo loyamba la hypoparathyroidism ndi:
- kusowa kwa miyendo ndi kuyimba;
- kupuma kwa miyendo kapena manja;
- ziphuphu , zomwe zimalowa m'malo mwake ndi kutentha.
Pamene matendawa akupita ku zizindikiro zapamwambazi, zizindikirozi zimagwirizananso:
- tachycardia;
- kukwiya;
- katemera ndi mavuto ena ophthalmia;
- Kuphwanya (iwo ndi ofanana ndi otsika mopweteka);
- kupweteka kwa mutu;
- kupweteka kukumbukira;
- photophobia.
Pamene matenda amatha kukhala ochiritsika, amatsatiridwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- kupweteka kwa tsitsi;
- khungu lowonjezereka komanso kupukuta;
- maolivi a dzino amawonongedwa;
- kupunduka kwa misomali kumatchulidwa.
Kusokonezeka kwa galimoto ya parathyroid
Dzikoli likudziwika ndi ntchito yapadera ya "zilumba" kapena mbali iliyonse ya iwo. Kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga hormone ya parathyroid ndi calcium yambiri m'magazi a seramu. Pali zigawo zoyambirira ndi zapakati pa hyperparathyroidism. Yoyamba imatsutsidwa ndi zifukwa zotsatirazi:
- choloŵa cholowa mwa dongosolo la endocrine;
- adenoma;
- hyperplasia;
- carcinoma.
Hyperparathyroidism yachiwiri imapezeka pazifukwa zotsatirazi:
- kuchepa kwa calcium ndi vitamini D;
- kulandira mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
- zovuta m'magazi;
- kuperewera kwa nsomba .
Kusokonezeka kwa zipangizo za parathyroid kumayambiriro koyambirira kumaphatikizapo zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- kupweteka kukumbukira;
- ululu m'mafupa;
- kutopa kwakukulu;
- mutu.
Hyperparathyroidism ikhoza kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- chinsomba;
- mimba;
- fupa;
- neuropsychic.
Gulu la Parathyroid - zizindikiro za matenda kwa akazi
Matenda aliwonse ndi ovuta kuchiza panthawi yoyamba. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, ngati mkazi akuwona chizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo za chitukuko cha matenda, munthu ayenera kuthandizira nthawi yomweyo kuti athandizidwe. Simungakhoze kudikira - ndizoopsa! Zizindikiro za mtundu wa Parathyroid zikhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zosiyana: makamaka zimadalira mtundu wa matenda omwe adayambitsa thupi. Zonsezi zimaonetsa vuto lalikulu.
Parathyroid hyperplasia
Matendawa ndi matenda omwe amagwira ntchito m'ntchito yotchedwa endocrine, yomwe ikuphatikizidwa ndi kuchulukitsidwa kwa hormone ya parathyroid. Matendawa amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa glands za parathyroid kukula. Amadziwika ngati akulu, komanso ali mwana. Kumayambiriro koyamba matendawa amayamba mwadzidzidzi. Kufufuza kwachipatala kokha kumawulula matendawa.
Nthenda ya parathyroid hyperplasia imakhala yosalekeza, odwala amadandaula za vutoli:
- kugona;
- ululu wopweteka m'magulu;
- kusokonezeka m'magazi;
- kuchepa kwa mphamvu;
- kunyoza.
Zowonjezereka bwino mtundu wa parathyroid ukuwonjezeka, zimatchulidwa kwambiri kuti zizindikiro zonse za pamwambazi zikuwonekera. Zilumba za "zilumba" zimayambitsa hypercalcemia, yomwe ikuphatikizapo:
- magazi;
- mineral deposition pa cornea yotsatiridwa ndi chitukuko;
- zovuta zapakati;
- kusowa kwadzidzidzi;
- nyamakazi ndi zina zotero.
Parathyroid adenoma
Ichi ndi chotupa cha mahomoni cha chikhalidwe choipa chomwe chimayambitsa kuchulukitsa kwa hormone ya parathyroid. Kwa amayi, matendawa amapezeka mu 2, ndipo ngakhale katatu kawiri kuposa amuna. M'madera oopsa kwambiri, amayi omwe ali ndi zaka 20 mpaka 50. Matenda a adenoma amatsatana ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- kupweteka kolemera;
- chithandizo;
- chisokonezo;
- phokoso;
- kusowa kwa njala;
- ululu m'mafupa;
- kupweteka;
- kutaya mano;
- chowopsa;
- thukuta;
- kuchuluka kwa mtima wa mtima.
Gulu la Parathyroid - matenda
Kuti atsimikizire kukhalapo kwa matenda a chikhalidwe chokhazikika, dokotala akulamula kuti azifufuza bwinobwino. Zilonda za parathyroid zimayesedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kufufuza koteroko kuli kofunikira pazifukwa zotsatirazi:
- kukhumudwa ndi ziwonetsero zina zowonjezera mantha;
- kusowa kwa miyendo;
- impso;
- matenda otupa mafupa osadziŵika.
Zojambula za Parathyroid
Njira yofufuzira imeneyi mpaka pano ikuwoneka yolondola kwambiri. Zojambula za galimoto za Parathyroid zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito isotopes. Iwo amadziwika m'thupi kwa wodwala, ndipo kenako ndi zipangizo zawo zapadera. Komabe, njira iyi yovomerezeka siyivomerezeka kwa amayi omwe ali ndi pakati, otupa komanso opitirira muyeso (ngati kulemera kwawo kukuposa 150 kg).
Zosakaniza za galimoto ya parathyroid
Njira yothandizirayi sikutanthauza maphunziro owonjezera. Zovuta za glands za parathyroid zikuchitidwa motere:
- Wodwalayo wagonzedwa pabedi.
- Chogudubuza chimayikidwa pansi pa mapewa ake.
- Gelisi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa siteti kuti ifufuzidwe ndipo kufufuza kumachitika.
- Kusinkhasinkha kwa mafunde akupangawa ndikonzedwa ndi chipangizo chapadera (chimawonekera pawindo).
Kusanthula gland ya parathyroid
Ndondomeko yotereyi imasonyeza chithunzi chokwanira ndi chodalirika. Popeza mahomoni opweteka amachititsa mahomoni, kuyesa magazi kumathandiza kuzindikira chizindikiro cha chinthu ichi mu seramu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, maphunziro angapo angaperekedwe. Magazi a hormone ya parathyroid amaperekedwa pamodzi ndi kusanthula phosphorous ndi calcium. Kufufuza mwakuya kumapangitsa wogwira ntchito yotchedwa endocrinologist kuti adziwe zambiri zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha mthupi.
Parathyroid - mankhwala
Pambuyo pofufuza bwinobwino ndikuwatsimikizira kuti matendawa ndi otani, katswiri wamaphunziro otchedwa endocrinologist akufotokoza njira yabwino yothetsera matenda. Gulu la Parathyroid lingachiritsidwe m'njira ziwiri:
- mankhwala - amatsogoleredwa kuti akonzedwe mahomoni;
- Opaleshoni - imaphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kapena pang'ono kwa glands za parathyroid.
Chizindikiro cha matendawa chimadalira pazinthu zosiyanasiyana: mtundu wosagwira ntchito, siteji ya matenda ndi zina za thupi la wodwalayo. Pamene hyperparathyroidism panthawi ya kulumala, amayi akhoza kutero mankhwalawa:
- antispasmodics;
- vitamini D;
- aluminium hydroxide;
- zosangalatsa;
- sulphate ya magnesiamu;
- kloride kapena sodium gluconate.
Mankhwala omaliza amaloledwa pang'onopang'ono. Majekesiti amachitika kangapo patsiku. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mankhwala omwe ali ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta tizilombo ta parathyroid. Komabe, mankhwala a mankhwalawa nthawi yayitali sangachitike, chifukwa amachititsa kupanga ma antibodies kwa homoniroid hormone. Panthawi ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo, dokotala amayang'anira phosphorous, calcium ndi magnesium mu thupi la wodwalayo.
Ngati capsule ya parathyroid imakhala yosasinthika, nthenda yoteroyo imafuna kutengeka kunja. Kwa munthu wotereyu akhoza kupereka chithandizo chotsatirachi:
- jekeseni yowonongeka ya homoniroid hormone;
- kudya kalisiamu ndi vitamini D.
Ntchito pa galimoto ya parathyroid
Ngati chikhalidwe cha endocrine chimanyalanyazidwa kapena adenoma ikupezeka, opaleshoni sitingapewe. Matenda onse odwala matenda odwala matendawa amafunika kuchiritsidwa mwamsanga, kotero adokotala amatha kulangiza wodwalayo kuti asachite mantha ndi opaleshoniyo. Njira yothandizira opaleshoni imachitidwa ndi anesthesia ambiri. Nthawi yake imatha kusiyana ndi maola angapo.
Kuchotsa Parathyroid
Pa opaleshoniyi, dokotalayu akufufuza momwe ziriri "zisumbu" ndi mlingo wa kugonjetsedwa kwawo. Adzachita zonse kuti asathenso kubwerera m'mbuyo. Njira yothandizira opaleshoni ikhoza kuchitika motere:
- Chithokomiro.
- Kuchita opaleshoni kuchotsa vuto la parathyroid (limodzi kapena awiri awiriawiri).
- Kuthetsa malo okhudzidwa.
Kuchiza kwa mankhwala a parathyroid gland anthu
Chifukwa cholephera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, njira zochiritsira zosagwiritsidwe ntchito zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha atagwirizanitsa ndi katswiri wamaphunziro otchedwa endocrinologist. Kudzipiritsa kumakhala koopsa, chifukwa kungayambitse zotsatira zosasinthika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati adenoma ya parathyroid imapezeka, mankhwala ochiritsira ndi mankhwala amtunduwu amathandiza kokha pokhapokha panthawi yoyamba ya matenda.
Oat msuzi mu hyperfunction
Zosakaniza:
- ope unpeeled - 2 tbsp. makuni;
- Mafuta 2,5% a mkaka - 1 l;
- madzi - lita imodzi.
Kukonzekera, gwiritsani ntchito:
- Mbewu imatsanuliridwa ndi madzi ndipo oats amabweretsedwa ku chithupsa.
- Pezani moto kwa waung'ono ndipo mulepheretse msuzi 3-3.5 maola.
- Thirani mkaka, kubweretsa osakaniza kuti wiritsani.
- Chotsani mbale kuchokera pamoto ndikuumirira maola 8-10.
- Sungani mankhwala ndi kumwa mofanana m'magawo onse tsiku lonse.