Zina mwa njira zambiri zomwe zimapangidwira nyumba kumaso, diso la dahlias ndilo lodziwika bwino, kubzala ndi kuyamwitsa zomwe sizidzasowa chithandizo chamtundu uliwonse kapena chidziwitso chapadera.
Maiko - dahlias pachaka
Maluwa okhala ndi dahlias a chaka chimodzi chonde onani diso ndi kuwala kokongola kwa mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Maluwa awa akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti agwiritse ntchito pafupifupi malingaliro aliwonse apangidwe: makoswe, osakanikirana , mabedi a maluwa ndi maluwa , ndi kukongoletsa kosavuta kwa malo otsetsereka. Pofuna kulima magulu, kawirikawiri amasankha mitundu yochepa yomwe ikukula, chifukwa chosakwatiwa. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha chomera ichi ndi chakuti chingathe kukhala wamkulu ngati chaka chilichonse (kufesa mbewu) komanso ngati chomera chosatha (kukumba tuber m'nyengo yozizira).
Kuti dahlias ikhale yokongoletsera malo onse kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, yesetsani njira yobzala mbewu. Dahlias pachaka, kubzala ndi chisamaliro chomwe chinayambira pakufesa m'munda wamaluwa, kuvumbulutsa zomwe angathe kumapeto kwa chilimwe, pamene munda wina wambiri wamera kale. Kuphatikizira njira ziwiri zonse zokhalira dahlias zikhoza kuyamikiridwa mu maluwa awo obiriwira.
Dahlias pachaka - mitundu
Kusankha kudzala pa webusaitiyi pachaka dahlias, mukhoza kugula bwinobwino mu malo omwe amatsimikiziridwa kuti "kusakaniza". Ndipo tipeze chifukwa cha bedi lokongola la maluĊµa ofanana ndi maonekedwe (kutalika kwa chitsamba, nyengo ya maluwa komanso mtundu wake) komanso mosiyana kwambiri ndi dahlias. Anthu amene akufuna kudziwa zomwe adzapeza patsikuli, ndi bwino kumvetsera mitundu yotsatirayi:
- "Amuna okondwa" - ndizofunikira kuyembekezera zoyamba za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo zikuwonekeratu kuti dzina lake silinapatsidwe kwachabechabe: maluwa owala, osavuta ndi malo achikasu amayang'ana mosangalala ndi molimbika kuti, kuwonjezera pa chifuniro, amachititsa kumwetulira;
- "Vasilisa" - njira yabwino kwa iwo omwe akufuna kusangalala ndi ulemerero wa dahlias popanda kusiya nyumba zawo: malo otsika kwambiri ndi nyengo yoyamba maluwa amapereka mpata wokukula izi zosiyanasiyana pa khonde kapena pawindo;
- "Bright pom-poms" - mtundu wa July wozungulira dahlia, umene uli woyenera kwambiri kukongoletsa munda wamaluwa ndi zojambula zomangamanga;
- "Bambino" - kakang'ono (mpaka masentimita 25 mmwamba) terry dahlias ndi mitu yaikulu kwambiri, ikufalikira kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa July mpaka chisanu;
- "Opera" - lalikulu-flowered terry dahlias ya mitundu yofewa, yabwino yokonza flowerbeds.
Dahlias pachaka - kubzala
Monga tanenera kale, kubzala dahlias pachaka kumatheka m'njira ziwiri: kulunjika, pamene mbewu zimabzalidwa m'munda wamaluwa, ndi mmera. Njira yoyamba siimayambitsa mavuto pa malo odzala, koma imafuna kusamalitsa mosamala kwambiri za mbewu: kupatulira molondola ndi kubzala. Kuonjezera apo, maluwa oyambirira mu nkhaniyi sangathe kuwerengedwa. Njira yokhazikika imafuna kukangana ndi kuunikira ndi kukolola , koma pambuyo pofika mu munda wamaluwa, khama limachepetsedwa kuti nthawi zonse kuthirira ndi feteleza.
Momwe mungabzalitsire dahlias pachaka pansi?
Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane mmene mungamere dahlias pachaka pa njira iliyonse yolima:
- Pofuna kubzala dahlias pa bedi la maluwa, tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timapanga pamwamba pa nthaka, pomwe mbewuzo zimayikidwa ndiyeno nkuzikhazika pansi mofatsa ndi nthaka ndi kuthirira. Pambuyo pa kuoneka kwa mbande zazing'ono, kugwedeza kwa zofooka ndi zofooka zimamera.
- Mukamabzala mbande pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse kukumba dzenje, ndikuyiika kuti mizu ikhale yochepa pamwamba pa nthaka.
Pokonzekera munda wa maluwa, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti malo odzala ndi dahlia ayenera kuyatsa bwino ndi kutetezedwa ku mphepo. Ngati penumbra ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi chitsanzo chochepa chomera ichi, ndiye kuti mthunzi wa dahlia watambasulidwa mwamphamvu ndi kutaya gawo la mkango. Mukamabzala mbande, m'pofunikira kuti muzuke bwino mizu - ndi bwino kuika mbande m'dzenje limodzi ndi phula la nthaka kuchokera mu mphika.
Kodi ndi mtunda wotani wobzala dahlias pachaka?
Kudyetsa dahlias pachaka pamtunda kuyenera kukumbukira kuti pakapita nthawi adzasanduka tchire lobiriwira, lomwe lidzasowa malo omasuka. Kusiyana pakati pa dahlias ya mitundu yochepa yomwe ikukula bwino iyenera kukhala osachepera 30 cm, pakati pa wamtali - osachepera 60 masentimita. Dahlias, kubzala pachaka ndi kusamalira zomwe zinapangidwa motsutsana ndi izi, zimakakamizidwa kuti azipikisana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba kwambiri chifukwa cha kukongola kwa maluwa .
Kodi kudzala dahlias pachaka?
Tiyeni tipite mwatsatanetsatane ndi funso lofunika, pamene tizala dahlias pachaka mutakula kuchokera ku mbewu? Nthawi yowafesa m'munda wamaluwa akugwera pa theka lachiwiri la May, pamene kuopsezedwa kwa usiku chisanu kumatsimikizika kudutsa. Mbande zimapangidwa kuti zisunthe pansi pa thambo lotseguka kumayambiriro kwa June, pokhala zovuta nthawi. Ndikofunika kusamalira mbewu zofesera mmera musanafike sabata lachiwiri la mwezi wa April, kuti panthawi yolima m'munda wamaluwa, dahlias anali okonzekera maluwa.
Dahlias pachaka
Kukondweretsa diso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kukula kwake ndi mitundu, dahlias pachaka amalola ntchito zomanga mtima kwambiri kuti zitheke mosavuta. Kuyesera mitundu yatsopano ndi zosazolowereka zolima, mungathe kusintha malowa nthawi iliyonse. Kodi ndi dahlias zabwino bwanji pachaka, zomwe zimabzala ndi kuyamwitsa zimapezeka mosavuta ngakhale kwa munthu amene ali ndi chidziwitso chochepa cha maluwa komanso nthawi yopuma.
Dothi la dahlias pachaka
Zosadabwitsa zomwe zingamveke, kubzala dahlias pachaka kumayambira nthawi yayitali asanayambe kukonza malo pa malo osankhidwa. Ayenera kukumba, sankhani zotsalira za kukula kwa zomera ndi kupanga feteleza: manyowa, humus kapena humus. Kwa maluwa okwanira, chomeracho chidzafuna zakudya zambiri, pamene nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi mlingo wapamwamba wa chinyezi ndi mpweya wokwanira. Dothi lolemera loamy ndi lopanda mchenga lidzakhala loyeneranso kwa dahlias.
Maluwa a dahlias pachaka-kubalana
Aliyense amene nthawi imodzi amasankha kudzala dahlias mu minda yamaluwa ya pachaka, kukula ndi kusamalira sikudzabweretsa vuto lililonse. Ndipo kufunika kudzakhala nkhani ya kukolola kwa mbewu yoyenera nyengo. Nthawi yosonkhanitsa nyemba ndi mwezi wa October, chisanu chisanafike. Mitu yowonongeka iyenera kudulidwa mosamalitsa ndi kuyanika, kusonkhanitsa nyembazo, ndiyeno kuzichotsa kuti zisungidwe, zoikidwa pamapangiti. Kwa kubereka, mungagwiritse ntchito ndi tubers, zomwe zimachotsedwa pansi, zothandizidwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate ndi kusungidwa mozizira.
Matenda a pachaka a Dahlias
Pa nthawi imene dahlias imatha pachimake, zimayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zomera zisawonongeke, kapena zimangofa, zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri. Zina mwazowawazo, omwe amadwala ndi dahlias, imvi, zofiirira ndi zoyera zowola zowonongeka, fusarium komanso masamba. Pamaso pa bowa zosiyana, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhumudwitsidwa ndi zifukwa zomwezo: kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa nyengo, nyengo yozizira komanso yamvula, nayitrogeni wochulukitsa mu feteleza.
Kulimbana ndi vutoli kungangokhala zovuta, kuphatikizapo kuchotsedwa ku munda wamaluwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa zomera zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera (fungicides), mwachitsanzo, phytosporin kapena mwala wapangidwe. Pachifukwa choletsa kupewa, nthawi zosiyana-siyana zimakhala bwino, zowonjezera mpweya komanso zounikira ziyenera kusankhidwa chifukwa chodzala ndipo siziyenera kunyengedwe ndi kuthirira.
Kusamalira dahlias pachaka
Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane mmene tingasamalilire dahlias pachaka, kuti munda wamaluwa ungakhale ngati kunyada kwenikweni. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani nthawi zonse kuchokera ku bedi lamsongole ndikusungira nthaka, musaiwale nthawi (osapitilira kamodzi masiku asanu ndi awiri) kuthirira, pitirizani kuyanjana pakati pa tchire ndi nthawi ndi nthawi kuti mupange feteleza. Dahlias pachaka, kubzala ndi kusamalira zomwe zikuchitika malinga ndi malamulo osavutawa amasiyana kwambiri ndi anthu amtundu wawo omwe akukula ngati oopsa.
Kodi kudyetsa dahlias pachaka?
Izi ndi maluwa okongoletsera a dahlias a pachaka omwe amawadyetsa ndi kuwasamalira iwo sangatheke popanda ang'onoang'ono "dope". Chomera feteleza choyamba chimapangidwa pa siteji ya mbande, patatha masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri (20) pambuyo poyesa ziphuphu kuchokera pansi. Monga feteleza woyamba, mchere wokonzeka wokhala ndi mkulu wa nayitrogeni umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Dahlias pachaka, kubzala ndi kusamalira kumaphatikizapo nthawi zonse (masiku 15-20 alionse) pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza pang'ono kwa maluwa, amatha kukula, kumanga chitsamba ndi kupanga mazenera akuluakulu.
Kuphwanya dahlias pachaka
Funso lofunika kwa onse ochita florist, omwe akuyamba kupanga njira zoyamba kubzala dahlias, ndikutanika dahlias pachaka, ndipo kodi tiyenera kutero? Prischipka pakati tsinde amathandiza kupanga chitsamba chobiriwira ndipo chimamulimbikitsa wambiri komanso maluwa maluwa. Kuti mutenge maluwa aakulu kwambiri, kupatula pa prischipki tsinde imalimbikitsidwa kuchotsa (kubudula) masamba owonjezera. Njirayi imalimbikitsa zomera kuti zitsogolera mphamvu zonse ndi zakudya osati masamba, koma maluwa.
Kusindikizidwa kwa dahlias pachaka
Mofanana ndi zomera zina, kudera nkhawa kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo a dahlia kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Njira yabwino kwambiri yopezeramo dahlias pachaka - kuwasamutsira ku malo atsopano okhala pamodzi ndi malo ozungulira. Mu dzenje lakutsetsereka, sizodabwitsa kuwonjezera pang'ono phulusa, ndipo mutabzala mochuluka madzi. Chitani ntchito yotereyi mumtambo, nyengo yozizira.