Peter ine ndinali wonyenga yemwe anaba ndi kumanga ndende weniweni wa Russian tsar. Ndipotu pamapeto pake panafika akatswiri ofufuza za mtsogoleriyo.
Mbiri ya dziko lirilonse limadziwa zosachepera zochepa ndi oimira abodza a dynasties olamulira. Zolinga zofananamo monga kulowetsa anthu oimira ulamuliro wa mafumu kapena kubisala imfa yawo zinali zopindulitsa kwa "makadinayi a imvi" - kumbuyo kwa masewero ochita zandale, omwe anali ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa olamulira kapena ankafuna kuti awone. M'mbiri ya Russia tsarist, malo omveka bwino a tsar ndi mapasa a Peter I, amene adagonjetsa dzikoli kwa zaka zambiri. Kuchokera ku chidziwitso cha mbiriyakale sikuli kovuta kupanga mndandanda wa zitsimikizo zenizeni za kusintha mmalo.
1. Kubwerera kwa Menshikov
Mu 1697 mpaka 1698, Petro adatsogolera nthumwi yovomerezeka yotchedwa Great Embassy, kuchoka ku Russia kupita ku Western Europe. Pamodzi pamodzi ndi anthu 20 olemekezeka komanso anthu 35 ochita nawo chidwi, Alexander Menshikov yekha adakali moyo. Ena onse anaphedwa mosavuta, zomwe Petro I anakana kuti alankhule ndi owerengeka ndi atsogoleri mpaka mapeto a tsikulo. Anthu onsewa ankadziwa bwino tsar ndipo aliyense amatha kubwerera ku Russia osati m'malo mwake.
2. Kusintha kwakukulu paulendo
Othandizira a mfumu akufa akanakhala kovuta kutsimikizira kuti wonyenga ndi wolamulira wawo wakale ndi munthu mmodzi. Monga chitsimikiziro cha kusinthika, mungathe kufananitsa zithunzi ziwiri zomwe zinapangidwa asanatuluke kwa Peter I ndi nthawi yomweyo atabwerera kudziko lakwawo. Anachoka m'dzikoli ngati mwamuna yemwe anali ndi zaka 25-26, ali ndi chovala pansi pa diso lake lakumanzere ndi nkhope yoyang'ana. Peter ine ndinali kukula pamwamba pa nsalu yachiwiri ndi yosakanikirana.
Paulendo limodzi ndi iye, kusintha kwakukulu kunachitika: kukula kwake "kunatambasulika" kufika mamita 2 peresenti, kulemera kwake kunasintha ndipo "kusintha" mawonekedwe a nkhope. Mwamuna yemwe ali pachithunzichi, yemwe analibe pakhomo kwa chaka chokha, zaka makumi anai akuoneka. Atafika, alendo ambiri anayamba kunena poyera kuti:
"Mfumu Yathu!"
3. Kukana banja ndi nkhondo ndi mlongo
Inde, iwo omwe adalowe m'malo mwa Peter I adanyozedwa ndi achibale ake, omwe amakhoza kuzindikira wonyenga pamsonkhano woyamba. Sophia Alekseevna, mlongo wa tsar, anali ndi ulamuliro wolamulira dzikoli ndipo nthawi yomweyo anazindikira kuti Europe yatumiza m'malo mwa mchimwene wake kuti akhudze dziko lalikulu. Sophia anatsogolera kupandukira kwa Streltsy, popeza anali mumtunda wa streltsi panali anthu ambiri oganiza bwino omwe anali ndi nthawi yolankhulana ndi wothandizira tsar ndipo adzionetsetsa kuti iye sali wofanana ndi Peter I. Kugonjetsedwa kunasokonezedwa, Mfumukazi Sophia anatumizidwa ku nyumba ya amonke, ndi kwa munthu aliyense amene adalankhula momasuka mfumu yonyenga, chilango chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kumangidwa.
Petro watsopano ndi mkazi wake anachita mozunza kwambiri zomwe anachita. Evdokia Lopukhina ndiye munthu yekha amene tsar ankamukhulupirira. Pa Embassy Wamkulu, pafupifupi tsiku ndi tsiku ankafanana naye, koma kuyankhulana kunatha. M'malo mokonda mwamuna, Yevdokia anawona munthu wonyenga yemwe mwamsanga atangobwera iye anamutumiza ku nyumba ya amonke ndipo sanapatse zopempha zake zambiri kuti awulule zifukwa zowonongeka. Petro sindinamvere ngakhale atsogoleri achipembedzo, omwe kale anali amphamvu kwambiri kwa iye ndipo sanamange kundende ya Evdokia.
4. Zovuta kukumbukira nkhope
Sophia Sophia ndi oponya mivi si okhawo amene sanadziwike ndi mfumu yomwe inabwerera kwawo. Iye sakanatha kukumbukira nkhope za achibale ena ndi aphunzitsi, osasokonezeka nthawi zonse m'maina ndipo sanakumbukire chinthu chimodzi chokha cha "moyo wakale". Anzake ake a Lefort ndi Gordon, ndipo ena ambiri olemekezeka, omwe adapitiriza kuyankhulana ndi tsar, anaphedwa mosayembekezereka atangofika. Tikufunanso kuti Tsar "anaiwala" atadzafika pafupi ndi malo a laibulale ya Ivan the Terrible, ngakhale kuti makonzedwe a malo ake adachotsedwa kuchokera ku Tsar kupita ku Tsar.
5. Wamndende mu chigoba chachitsulo
Atangochoka ku Peter I wochokera ku Ulaya, mkaidi akuwonekera m'ndende ya Bastille, dzina lake lenileni limadziwika kwa Mfumu Louis XIV yekha. Oyang'anirawo anamutcha dzina lakuti Michael, limene limatchulidwa dzina lachirasha la Petro Mikhailov, limene mfumuyo idalingalira paulendo pamene akufuna kuti asadziwike. "Iron Mask" iye anaitanidwa pakati pa anthu, ngakhale kuti chigoba, chomwe iye ankayenera kuti azivala mpaka imfa yake, chinali velvet. Voltaire analemba kuti amadziwa kuti mndende ali ndani, koma "monga Mfalansa weniweni," ayenera kukhala chete. Kuwoneka ndi kuikidwa kwa mkaidi kunali koyenerera kuonekera kwa Peter I asanatuluke ku Ulaya. Pano pali zomwe mungapeze m'mabuku a kazembe wa ndende za mkaidi wosamvetsetseka:
"Iye anali wamtali, wolemekezeka, analamulidwa kuti amucitire ngati munthu wobadwa bwino."
Ndipo ndizo zonse. Anamwalira mu 1703, chiwonongeko cha thupi chitatha, chipindacho chinafufuzidwa bwino, ndipo zochitika zonse za moyo wake zinawonongedwa.
6. Kupanga kusintha kwa zovala
Kuyambira ali mwana, a Tsar ankakonda zovala zaku Old Russian. Ankavala maofesi achiroma a ku Russia ngakhale masiku otentha kwambiri, amanyadira chifukwa chake amachokera komanso m'njira iliyonse yomwe angatsindike. A latinite anabwerera ku Russia kuchokera ku Ulaya, akumuletsa kuti adzisulire zovala za Russian, ndipo sanayambe kuvala zovala zachifumu, ngakhale kuti ankakhudzidwa ndi anyamata ndi ovomereza. Mpaka imfa yake, chinyengo-Petro adabvala zovala zokha za ku Ulaya.
7. Udani wa chirichonse Chirasha
Mwadzidzidzi, Peter sindimadana ndi zovala za Chirasha, koma zonse zomwe zinali zokhudzana ndi dziko lakwawo. Iye anayamba kulankhula molakwika ndi kumvetsa Chirasha, zomwe zinayambitsa chisokonezo pakati pa anyamata pa malangizo ndi misonkhano ya dziko. The Tsar adanena kuti m'zaka za moyo wake ku Ulaya adaiwala kulemba ku Russian, adaganiza kusiya kulembera mndandanda ngakhale kuti anali oopa kale ndipo sakanatha kukumbukira chilichonse chokhudza sayansi zonse zomwe anaphunzitsidwa monga nthumwi ya a Russia. Koma adapeza luso la akatswiri ojambula bwino, omwe amawoneka ngati okhumudwitsa kwa tsar.
8. matenda aakulu
Dokotala wa mfumu sanakhulupirire maso ake atabwerera kuchokera kuulendo wautali, wolamulirayo anayamba kuvutika ndi matenda a chiwopsezo. Anakhoza kuchigwira, akuyenda kudutsa m'madzi akumwera, omwe Peter ine sindinawawonepo. Embassy yaikulu inkayenda njira ya kumpoto, kotero kuti kuthekera kwa kachilomboko kunalibe.
9. Ndondomeko yatsopano yomenyana
Ngati poyamba mfumuyi ikukonzekera njira yogonjetsa maulendo ndi mahatchi, Ulaya adasintha njira yake yothetsera nkhondo. Sindinaonepo nkhondo zam'nyanja, Petro adasonyezeratu zabwino zodzikweza nkhondo pamadzi, zomwe zinadabwitsa nzeru zonse za nkhondo. Maluso ake omenyana, molingana ndi zomwe analemba, anali ndi zinthu zomwe mungathe kupeza pomenyana ndi zombo kwa zaka zambiri. Kwa yemwe kale anali Peter I zinali zosatheka mwakuthupi: ubwana wake ndi unyamata zidadutsa pa dziko lapansi, zomwe zinalibe mwayi wopita kunyanja.
10. Imfa ya Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich
Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich, mwana wamkulu wa Petro ndi Evdokia Lopukhina, anasiya kukhala wodabwitsa kwa wolamulira wabodza pamene mwana wake yemwe anawonekera. New Peter I anayamba kumukakamiza Alexei kuti asamangidwe, kusonyeza kusakhutira ndi chinthu chimodzi chimene anali nacho pakhoti - mwana wamwamuna, yemwe anali asanakhalepo ndi moyo. Alexei Petrovich anathawira ku Poland, kumene anakonza kupita ku Bastille (mwachiwonekere, kutulutsa bambo ake enieni) pazinthu zina zaumwini. Otsatira zachinyengo-Petro adamulandira pamsewu ndipo adalonjeza kuti pakubwerera kwake adzalandira mpando wachifumuwo. Atafika ku Russia, Tsarevich anafunsidwa mafunso ndi Peter I ndipo anapha.