Makoswe onse a ziwalo za anthu ali ndi magulu a michere - alkaline phosphatase. Mitundu yambiri ya iwo imakhala mu placenta, mafupa, chiwindi ndi bile. Ntchito yowonjezera ya phosphatase ikhoza kusonyeza kuti pali matenda ena omwe amafunika kuchipatala mwamsanga.
Kodi alkaline phosphatase ndi chiyani?
Poganizira mofatsa za mavitaminiwa, m'pofunika kunena za udindo wa alkaline phosphatase m'thupi la mafuta, zomwe zimafuna kuti alangizi azitha, choncho dzina la enzyme. Komabe, pali mitundu yambiri ya mavitamini, malinga ndi malo ake:
- hepatic phosphatase (anthu ambiri akuluakulu);
- fupa (lapamwamba mwa ana);
- malo apakati (amayi omwe ali ndi pakati);
- amchere m'mimba phosphatase;
- renal (izi zamchere zamchere m'magazi sizikuwonetsedwa, chifukwa sizilowa mosiyana ndi mitundu ina).
Kufufuza kwa alpine phosphatase
Pazifukwa zingapo komanso maonekedwe a zizindikiro zina, mayesero amalembedwa, alkaline phosphatase yomwe ingapitirire kapena kuchepa, zomwe zidzatengera zogwirizana. Perekani izi:
- M'njira yovuta ya chiwindi cha chiwindi .
- Kuchepetsa matenda a mafupa pakamwa.
- Ngati wodwalayo amamwa mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti cholestasis iwonongeke (kuchepa kwa bile, kuphwanya kwake ndi kupuma).
- Ngati pali zizindikiro zoterezi: kunyoza, kusungunuka kwa nyansi zofiira, mitsempha yamdima, kusanza, jaundice, kutaya mphamvu ndi kutha msanga.
Kodi mafuta amchere amasonyeza bwanji magazi?
Funso la zomwe alkaline phosphatase limasonyeza ndi lothandiza kwa iwo omwe sadziwa bwino lingaliro ili kapena amene akuyesa nthawi yoyamba. Mlingo wa enzyme imaperekedwa kawirikawiri kuti adziwe matenda a mafupa, tsamba la biliary ndi chiwindi. Kuwonjezeka kwa phosphatase yamchere kungathenso kuyankhula za kukhalapo kwa matenda owopsa: mapulaneti a testis, lymphogranulomatosis kapena maonekedwe oopsa mu ubongo. Komabe, pali ziwerengero zingapo zomwe zofukufuku ndi ziganizo zokhudzana ndi zotsatira zopezeka ziyenera kuchitidwa poganizira mbali zina.
- Chifukwa chosowa zakudya, zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, chifukwa chakuti izi ndi mbali ya phosphatase.
- Kuchita kafukufuku kwa ana kuti azindikire mavuto ndi excretion ya bile n'kopanda phindu, chotero, monga lamulo, yesero la 5'-nucleotidase limalamulidwa.
- Pofuna kulamulira, kufufuza kwa phosphatase sikuyenera kuchitidwa kamodzi pa sabata, chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa kwa magazi m'masiku 3-4.
- Chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa okalamba ndi kuchepa kwa fupa.
- Pofufuza anthu omwe ali ndi magulu oyambirira ndi achitatu, zimayenera kukumbukira kuti msinkhu wa m'mimba wa phosphatase ukhoza kuwonjezeka mutatha kudya zakudya zamtundu wa mafuta, choncho, sampuli ya magazi iyenera kuchitidwa pamimba yopanda kanthu.
Alkaline phosphatase - yachizolowezi
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti alkaline phosphatase yomwe ili m'magazi, zomwe zimachitika pakati pa amai, amuna ndi ana - ndi zosiyana. Zomwe zili m'kati mwake zimadalira osati pa kugonana, komanso pa msinkhu, zomwe zimafunikanso kuganiziridwa. Mpaka zaka 16, mlingo wamchere wa phosphatase umakhala wotsika kwambiri, ndipo patatha zaka izi umayamba kuchepa. Akazi ali ndi izi:
- mpaka zaka 17 - osachepera: 46 magawo pa lita imodzi; Zokwanira: 119 U / l;
- kuyambira zaka 17 mpaka 45 - osachepera: 32 magawo / l; Zokwanira: magawo 100 pa lita imodzi;
- kuyambira zaka 45 mpaka 55 - osachepera: magawo 35 / l; Chilichonse: 115 U / l;
- mpaka zaka 70 - chizoloŵezi ndi ma unit 135 / lita imodzi;
- Pambuyo pa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri (70), chiwerengerochi ndi 165 zigawo / lita imodzi.
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zizindikirozi zingakwerere kwambiri, koma osati chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa matenda:
- mu nthawi yobereka mwanayo;
- mu nthawi ya HS;
- pamaso pa avitaminosis;
- chifukwa cha kusoŵa kwa zakudya;
- chifukwa chochita mwamphamvu.
Kwa amuna, chizindikiro ichi ndi chapamwamba kwambiri kuposa chikazi chimodzi mwa ma unit 20-25 / l, ndipo ali ndi zaka, monga momwe akazi amachokera. Chizolowezi cha alkaline phosphatase m'magazi a anthu:
- kuyambira zaka 17 mpaka 30 - kufika pa magawo 100 / lita imodzi;
- kuyambira zaka 30 mpaka 45 - makilogalamu 120 / lita imodzi;
- kuyambira zaka 46 mpaka 64 - mpaka 130 magalasi / lita imodzi;
- kuyambira zaka 55 mpaka 70 - kufika pa magawo 145 pa lita imodzi;
- kuyambira zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri (70) - mpaka 190 makilogalamu / lita imodzi.
Kwa ana aang'ono, ndondomeko ya enzyme imakhala yoposa ya akuluakulu ndipo sichidalira kugonana. Paunyamata, kusiyana kumeneku kumawonekeratu chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi m'thupi. Choncho, chizoloŵezi cha ana ndi achinyamata:
- ana ang'onoang'ono komanso masabata awiri oyambirira a moyo: ma unit 83/248 / l;
- kuyambira masabata awiri mpaka chaka: 122 - 469 magulu / l;
- kuyambira zaka 10 mpaka 13: vitamini 129 - 417 / lita imodzi.
Zaka, zaka | Kugonana | Osachepera | Kuchuluka |
13 - 15 | chachikazi amuna | 50 116 | 254 468 |
15 - 17 | chachikazi amuna | 46 82 | 119 331 |
Phalapasase yamchere imakula - imatanthauzanji?
Kodi chingatanthauze bwanji ngati alkaline phosphatase yowonjezereka, muyenera kudziwa kuti muthandizire katswiri pa matenda oyenera komanso mankhwala ena. Zifukwa za phosphatase zamchere zamchere zimathandiza kumvetsa osati chifukwa chokhalira ndi zizindikiro zosasangalatsa, koma kuti awulule kupezeka kwa matenda omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ochepa. Izi zidzatentha katswiri wodziwa bwino kwambiri.
Phalapasase yamchere imakula - zifukwa
Pofotokoza zifukwa za kuwonjezeka kwa alkaline phosphatase, magulu ambiri amodzi ayenera kudziwika, omwe amayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zovuta mu chiwindi ndi bile:
- miyala m'matope;
- cholestasis;
- chiwindi cha chiwindi, chomwe chikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha poizoni wowopsa ndi pamene akumwa mankhwala;
- choyamba cholangitis;
- khansa ya chiwindi;
- hepatitis (autoimmune ndi viral);
- matenda opatsirana a mononucleosis;
- jaundice (kaŵirikaŵiri akazi amachititsa CCD ndi progesterone ndi maantirogen).
Kusintha kwa chifuwa kumathambo, omwe amapanga phosphatase yamchere:
- Matenda a Paget (kufooka kwa mafupa, kupotoza kwawo ndi kufooketsa);
- kuwonjezereka kwa njira zamagetsi pochiritsa fractures;
- Kufewa kwa mafupa (calcium salt, mavitamini ndi phosphoric acid amatayika, zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha ndi kuchepa kwa mafupa);
- Osteosarcoma ndi metastases zidalowa mu minofu ya mafupa.
Matenda ena ndi zifukwa ngati ziwonjezeredwa zamchere phosphate m'magazi, osagwirizana ndi thanzi labwino ndi matenda:
- matenda opatsirana m'mimba;
- myocardial infarction;
- matenda otchedwa endocrine omwe amagwirizana ndi matenda osokoneza bongo phosphoric metabolism ndi calcium metabolism - hyperparathyroidism;
- mimba;
- kumwa mowa;
- mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya hepatotoxic.
Mafuta a phosphatase akuwonjezeka - Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani?
Ngati mayeserowa akuwonjezeka ku alkaline phosphatase, chinthu choyamba chomwe chiri chofunikira ndicho kuthetsa chifukwa chomwe chinayambitsa izi. Mwachitsanzo, ndi matenda a chiwindi kuti abwezeretse ntchito zake, perekani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ndi kupaka zakudya zoyenera. Miyeso yonse yomwe yachitidwa iyenera kulamulidwa ndi dokotala ndipo ikuyang'aniridwa ndi woyang'anira.
Mchere wa phokalatase umatsika - umatanthauzanji?
Ngati mayeserowa amasonyeza kuti alkaline phosphatase imachepetsedwa, izi zikhoza kusonyeza kuti matenda owopsa akukula m'thupi. Kuti muyambe kuchipatala, mayesero ena sali okwanira ndipo mudzafunikira kufufuza bwino akatswiri oterewa:
- hematologist;
- Opaleshoni;
- katswiri pa matenda opatsirana;
- gastroenterologist;
- woweruza wamkulu.
Alkaline phosphatase yafupika - chifukwa
Nthawi zambiri, kuchepa kwa phosphatase kumachitika pazifukwa izi:
- magazi m'thupi ;
- kusowa kwakukulu mu thupi la magnesium ndi nthaka;
- Matenda achibadwa a achondroplasia (kutsika kwa mafupa, zomwe zimayambitsa kuzungulira);
- kuika magazi ambiri;
- kusowa kwa mavitamini a B ndi C;
- kusakwanira;
- Kutaya magazi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mapuloteni mu zakudya - kwashiorkor;
- hypothyroidism (kuchepa kwa mavitamini otchedwa thyroid);
- cretinism;
- sc alone;
- hypophosphatase (yovulaza kwambiri mineralization ya minofu ya fupa).
Alkaline phosphatase yatsika - chochita chiyani?
Ngati kafukufukuyo akusonyeza kuti phokalatase yachepa, ndiye kuti ndizowopsa kuti mudziwe nokha, choncho muyenera kuonana ndi katswiri mwamsanga. Choyamba, ikhoza kukhala wothandizira yemwe angadziwe momwe katswiri wodziwa bwino mbiri akuyenera kupitilira. Pambuyo poyezetsa mayeso ena, dokotala ayenera kupeza chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa AP ndikulembera chithandizo kapena kuchibwezera kwa katswiri pa matenda opezeka.
Alkaline phosphatase mimba
Pakati pa nthawi yogonana, mlingo wamchere wa phokalatase ukhoza kukhala wapamwamba popanda kukhalapo kwa matenda omwe amachititsa kudumpha mu mlingo wa enzyme m'magazi. Zonsezi ndi za mapangidwe a placenta, momwe, monga momwe amadziwika bwino, amadzimadzi ambiri. Ndikofunika kwambiri pa nthawi ya mimba kuti nthawi zonse muziyang'ana kusintha kwa mlingo wa alpine phosphatase, kuti musataye nthawi yomwe ikuwonjezeka kapena kuwonjezereka kwa mavitamini.
Kukweza msinkhu, monga tawonera kale, kungasonyeze mavuto ndi chiwindi ndi bile, mphukira, mafupa. Ngati phosphhatase yamchere imachepetsedwa, ndiye kuti izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kukula kosalala kapena zofooka zake, zomwe zingayambitse nkhaniyo kuthetsa mimba. Izi zikhoza kuchitika chifukwa placenta mumtundu wotero sungathe kupereka mwanayo ndi zofunikira zonse.
1 trimester | 2 trimester | 3 trimester | |
zochepa | 17th | 25 | 38 |
zapamwamba | 88 | 126 | 229 |