Matenda Achibadwa

Matenda ambiri achibadwa - lingaliro ndilokhazikika, chifukwa matendawa sangathe kuchitika m'deralo, ndipo kumadera ena a dziko lapansi amakhudza kwambiri chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu.

Kuzindikira matenda a majini

Matenda achilengedwe samabuka kuyambira tsiku loyamba la moyo, amatha kudziwonetsera okha patatha zaka zingapo. Choncho, ndikofunikira kupanga kafukufuku wamakono pa matenda a majeremusi a munthu, kuzindikira zomwe zingatheke panthawi ya kukonzekera mimba komanso panthawi ya kukula kwa mwana. Pali njira zambiri zochizira:

1. Zachilengedwe. Amalola kuzindikira kukhalapo kwa magulu okhudzana ndi matenda a chiwerewere. Njira imeneyi ikuphatikizapo kusanthula magazi amagazi a matenda a majeremusi, komanso kuphunziranso zapamwamba ndi zowonjezera zamadzimadzi ena.
2. Chisinthiko. Zimatithandiza kudziwa matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mavuto omwe amachititsa gulu la khungu.
3. Maselo-cytogenetic. Imeneyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi yomwe yapita kale ndipo imalola kuti muzindikire ngakhale pang'ono kusintha kwa makonomu ndi makonzedwe.
4. Zachilengedwe . Zizindikiro za matenda a majeremusi nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi zizindikiro za matenda ena, omwe alibe matenda. Chofunika cha njira iyi yozindikiritsira ndi kusiyanitsa ndi zizindikiro zonsezi makamaka zomwe zikusonyeza matenda a nthenda. Izi zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi mapulogalamu apadera a makompyuta ndi kufufuza mosamala ndi katswiri wa chibadwa.
5. Maselo-maselo. Njira yamakono komanso yodalirika. Kukulolani kuti mufufuze DNA ndi RNA yaumunthu, kuti muzindikire ngakhale kusintha kwakukulu, kuphatikizapo phokoso la nucleotides. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire matenda a monogenic ndi kusintha.
6. Kuyeza kwa ultrasound:

• ziwalo zowuma - kudziwa matenda opatsirana mwa amayi, zomwe zimayambitsa kusabereka;
• kukula kwa fetus - kuti apeze matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa chokhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo komanso kukhalapo kwa matenda enaake a chromosomal.

Kuchiza kwa matenda a majini

Chithandizo chikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu:

1. Chizindikiro. Sichichotsa chifukwa cha matendawa, koma chimachotsa zizindikiro zopweteka ndikuletsa kupitirira kwa matendawa.
2. Aetiological. Zimakhudza mwachindunji zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa mothandizidwa ndi njira zowonongeka kwa jini.
3. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha njira zakuthupi ndi zachilengedwe m'thupi.

Mitundu ya matenda opatsirana

Matenda amtundu wobadwa nawo amagawidwa m'magulu atatu:

1. Chromosomal aberrations.
2. Matenda a monogenic.
3. Matenda a Polygenic.

Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti matenda opatsirana m'mimba sali odwala matenda obadwa nawo. Nthawi zambiri, amayamba kuwonongeka kwa makanda kapena zilonda zamtenda.

Mndandanda wa matenda opatsirana

Matenda omwe amafala kwambiri:

• hemophilia;
• kupunduka kwa mitundu;
• Down syndrome;
• cystic fibrosis;
• spina bifida;
• Matenda a Canavan;
• Pelitseus-Merzbacher;
• mphutsi;
• Matenda a Angelmann;
• Matenda a Thea-Sachs;
• Matenda a Charcot-Marie;
• Matenda a Joubert;
• Matenda a prader-Willi;
• Matenda a Turner;
• Matenda a Klinefelter;
• phenylketonuria.

Matenda omwe safala kwambiri:

• malingaliro a Capgrass;
• matenda a mtembo wamoyo;
• lata;
• Matenda a Klein-Levin;
• progeria;
• nthenda ya njovu;
• chiwonetsero chakuthwa;
• kachidutswa kakang'ono;
• cicero;
• Matenda a Stendhal;
• matenda a mutu wophulika;
• Matenda a Roben.

Matenda ambiri a khungu la chibadwa:

• porphyria;
• mzere wa Blashko;
• matenda a khungu la buluu;
• hypertrichosis;
• Matenda a Günther.