Mwatsoka, matenda a nkhumba amapezeka kawirikawiri. Polimbana nawo, nkofunika kuzindikira kuti matendawa ayamba bwanji m'kupita kwa nthawi, chifukwa ndi koyenera kuyang'anitsitsa khalidwe la nyama pakadyetsa, mkhalidwe wa mutu, thunthu, ndi khungu. Pokuyeretsa makina, tiyenera kumvetsera kupezeka kwa tizirombo toyambitsa matenda a nkhumba.
Matenda a nkhumba ndi zizindikiro zawo
Thanzi la zinyama likhoza kuwonjezeka pa zifukwa zina:
- kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chowononga;
- zojambula;
- otsika kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri mu chipinda;
- kulowa m'thupi la mabakiteriya, mavairasi, majeremusi, mazira a mphutsi.
Pali zizindikiro zina za matenda a nkhumba, podziwa kuti chiweto chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi veterinarian:
- kuoneka kosauka, kupanikizika, kupuma mofulumira;
- kusowa kwa njala;
- maonekedwe a ziphuphu ndi mawanga;
- Kuphulika kwa mthunzi wa matte;
- Kukhalapo kwa kutuluka m'mphuno, maso, pakamwa;
- kuwonjezeka kutentha kwa thupi (kawirikawiri 38-40 °);
- kutupa ndi kuoneka kwa zotupa pa thunthu;
- Kukhalapo kwa mphutsi mu nyansi, kusintha kwa mtundu wake.
Payekha, pali matenda ena a nkhumba omwe ali owopsa kwa anthu:
- anthrax - chizindikiro chachikulu - mitsempha yofiira ya buluu pa thupi, yodzazidwa ndi madzi;
- Zilombo zakutchire - nkhumba zimayenera kuphedwa, munthu amadwala matendawa;
- leptospirosis - amawonetsa ngati jaundice, mwamphamvu kwambiri imatsogolera ku impso kulephera;
- Brucellosis - munthu amatenga kachilombo ka nyama;
- matenda a phazi ndi pakamwa - amawonetseredwa ndi mabulu omwe amatembenukira kukhala zilonda zam'mimba, samayankha bwino zinyama ndi anthu;
- Katemera - magazi otsegula m'mimba, munthu amaopsezedwa kwambiri.
Matenda onse a nkhumba amagawidwa kukhala osagwiritsidwa ntchito (chifukwa chosauka), matenda opatsirana (amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo) ndi parasitic (yotengedwa ndi tizilombo). Ngati mukuganiza kuti pali matenda ena achiwiri, kusungulumwa kwaokha ndikofunika. Ndi chithandizo chamakanthawi cha veterinarian, zotsatira za matendawa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino.
Matenda a nkhumba - erysipelas
Matendawa amapezeka m'zinyama zazing'ono pakadutsa miyezi 3-12. Wothandizira mankhwalawa ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda kamene kamakhudza kapangidwe kake ndi khungu. Maonekedwe oopsa a erysipelas, omwe kutentha kumakwera kufika 41-42 °, amatsatizana ndi kutsegula m'mimba, kudzimbidwa, kusowa kwa njala. Ndikofunika kudziŵa kuti matenda a erysipelas amawoneka bwanji ngati nkhumba - mawanga ofiira amaoneka m'thupi, amakhala otumbululuka pamene akulimbikitsidwa. Ngati palibe mankhwala masiku awiri oyambirira, nyamayo imamwalira.
Ndi mawonekedwe opatsiranawo, mafiira ambiri, ofupa amaonekera pa khungu, ndi kuphatikiza kwa nthenda yotchedwa necrosis ya zikopa za khungu. Matendawa amatha masiku khumi ndipo amatha kukhala ndi matenda aakulu, omwe mtima umakhudzidwa, ziwalo zimakula, dyspnea ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Pamene machiritso amachititsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezeke, kuphatikizapo penicillin ndizomwe zimapangidwira.
Mphepete mwa nkhumba
Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha nthata zomwe zimakhala pakhungu ndipo zimapweteka kwambiri. Ali ndi mphere wa nkhumba zotsatirazi:
- chinyama chimagwedeza pamakoma a khola;
- Pa khungu la ziphuphu zofiira amapangidwa, kusandulika mu ziphuphu ndi nkhanambo;
- khungu limakula, khungu limakula.
Nkhono ndi dothi mu nkhumba zimachotsedwa ndi burashi ndi madzi ndi sopo, kenako ndi mankhwala a organophosphorus, thupi limatulutsa mungu ndi acaricidal madontho, injects ivermectin. Kukonzekera kupha tizilombo pakhungu. Poletsa kubzala ndi nkhumba zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi mphere, sambani nkhokwe kamodzi pachaka, muzitsulo zam'nyengo za chilimwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi 0,1% yothetsera vutoli.
Matenda a Aujeszky mu nkhumba
Wothandizira matendawa amakhala kachilombo koyambitsa mkodzo ndi mkaka wa munthu wodwalayo. Ng'ombe zathanzi zimadwala pamene mukudya chakudya kudzera m'matumbo a m'mimba kapena kupuma, akuyamwitsa - pa nthawi yoyamwitsa. Matendawa amachitika mwakuya. Nkhumba zimayamba kutentha thupi, kuwonjezereka, kusowa kwa njala, dyspnea, ludzu losadziŵika.
Aujeszky ali m'gulu la matenda owopsa a nkhumba, n'zovuta kulekerera achinyamata. Iwo amadziwika chifukwa cha kusanza, kukana chakudya, chifuwa, kusokonezeka modabwitsa, kufooka kwa miyendo, kusokonezeka kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Kulimbana ndi nkhaŵa m'zinyama zing'onozing'ono kungawononge imfa. Akuluakulu amalephera masiku 2-3 ndikuchira. Kuchiza mankhwala otchuka a seramu.
Leptospirosis wa nkhumba
Pofufuza zomwe nkhumba zimatulutsa, mukhoza kupeza matenda opatsirana (leptospirosis). Amadziwika ndi poizoni thupi, malungo, kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, mitsempha ya mitsempha, imakhudzanso ndi anthu. Wothandizira mankhwalawa ndi leptospira, kachilombo kamapezeka pamene chimfine chimakhala ndi othandizira kapena chilonda pakhungu ndi madzi onyansa kapena zinyama zina.
Zotsatira za matendawa ndi malungo, zofooka, kutsekula m'mimba, jaundice, mkodzo wamagazi, necrosis wa matishu, kuchotsa mimba kumabzala nthawi yochedwa. Chiwindi ndi impso zimavutika kwambiri, achinyamata amakhala odwala matendawa. Mankhwala othandiza ndi mankhwala a antibiotic streptomycin ndi immunoglobulins. Monga njira yothandizira, katemera motsutsana ndi leptospirosis amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Matenda a Teschen nkhumba
Izi ndi matenda a tizilombo, omwe amadziwika ndi kukula kwa osachepera entecphalomyelitis ndi chitukuko cha ziwalo za thupi, ziwalo za m'mimba. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza nkhumba zakubadwa zapakati pa 3 mpaka 30%. Matenda a Teschen mu nkhumba ndi osalongosoka, mankhwalawa amachokera ku kuchotsedwa kwa kachilombo ka HIV (kuphedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda), komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mavitamini okhudzana ndi zoweta zonse. Ndi mankhwala apanthaŵi yake, machiritso athunthu amapezeka m'matenda 90%. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ayi.
Salmonellosis wa nkhumba
Paratyphus kapena salmonellosis ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amachititsa kuti achinyamata asanakwanitse miyezi 4-5. Gwero la kutumiza ndilo mkaka ndi zakumwa zina za ziweto zakutchire, zinyalala, zinthu mu chipinda. Kodi nkhumba salmonellosis zizindikiro zotsatirazi: matenda amachititsa kutentha, makutu amatembenukira buluu, nkhumba sizidya ndi kunama kwa nthawi yaitali.
Pa masiku 2-3 pali nyansi zonunkhira, zowononga kwambiri zimakhala ndi chibayo, kupuma mofulumira, kutulutsa mphuno, chifuwa, kupsa mtima kumatha. Ziweto zimataya thupi, khungu limakhala mthunzi wa imvi. Popanda kuchiritsidwa, munthuyo amafa, odwala nkhumba zowonongeka. Nyama zochiritsira zimapatsidwa mankhwala opha tizilombo, sulfanilomide, antchito a nitrofuran.
Katemera wa nkhumba
Kawirikawiri, matendawa a nkhumba amakhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa achinyamata. Zizindikiro zoyamba ndikutuluka kwa kutentha kwa 41-42 °, kutsegula m'mimba ndi nyansi zofiira za padziko lapansi. Pa ziweto zazing'ono, matendawa amatha masiku awiri, masiku asanu ndi awiri, kupuma kuli kosavuta, ziweto zazikulu zimadwala kwa masabata awiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimachira. Kuchiza kwa minofu ya nkhumba kumachepetsa njira yowonjezera maantibayotiki, kukonza gawo la zakudya, kugwiritsa ntchito phytopreparations pofuna kuchepetsa zizindikiro za kutsekula m'mimba ndi kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa madzi. Pofuna kupewa, nkhumba za nkhumba zimatetezedwa.
Matenda a nkhumba
Matenda opatsirana Glessera amapezeka ndi kutukusira kwa mucous membrane ndi mafupa. Kutenga ndi ndodo yotchedwa serotype ndodo imayendetsedwa ndi mpweya, ozizira komanso zipinda zam'madzi zimakonda. Kuzindikira matenda a nkhumba Glessera imapangidwa chifukwa cha mayeso a bakiteriya ndi zizindikiro zachipatala - kutentha kwakukulu kwa thupi, kuchepa kwa chilakolako, kuchepa kwa mimba pamimba, chifukwa cha nyama zomwe zimasunthira, kubwerera kumbuyo, nthawi zina chifuwa chimayamba. Maantibayotiki, zinyama zina zimapulumutsidwa ku imfa, koma zimakhala zofooka ndipo zimatsalira pambuyo pa chitukuko.
Mastitis mu nkhumba
Kutupa kwa m'mawere kapena mastitis kumafesedwa panthawi yoyamba pambuyo pa kuvulala, zilonda, hypothermia, matenda a cali, staphylococcus, staphylococcus. Anthu amasonyeza kutupa, kufiira, ndi kupweteka kwa udder. Chidziwitsochi chimakhazikitsidwa molingana ndi kusanthula mkaka wa mkaka. Pamene mastitis mu nkhumba, mankhwala amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo ndi cortichosteroids, m'malo mwa zinyalala, kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso. Oxytocin amalowetsedwa mukazi kuti asatenge mkaka wa mkaka.
Atrophic rhinitis ya nkhumba
Wodwala wodwalayo wa matendawa sanadziwidwebe. Mu rhinitis, sinus imavutika, ndipo nsagwada ya chiweto ndi yopunduka. Nkhumba zimatulutsa, zimagubuduza zida za zinthu, madzi amachokera ku mphuno, zomwe zimauma ndipo zimapanga makoswe. Odwala amadya kwambiri ndikukula pambuyo pa kukula, amawachiza ndi maantibayotiki. Kufunika kwakukulu kuchitetezo ndiko kufesedwa kwafesa pa msipu ndi kudya kwawo kwabwino. Kuteteza matenda a nkhumba zoweta zikhoza kuthandizidwa ndi chithandizo cha ana a ziweto zotsutsana ndi mavitamini.
Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia nkhumba
Kawirikawiri, matenda opatsirana a nkhumba amakhudza dongosolo la kupuma. Pleuropneumonia imadziwika ndi kukula kwa chibayo ndi pleurisy, kuwonetseredwa ndi malungo, kutsokomola, nosebleeds, dyspnea. Ziweto zimafooka, sizingakhoze kuwuka. Mu njira yovuta ya munthu, kugwidwa ndi kutaya thupi kumamwalira moyenera. Mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, timathandizire kuchepetsa kufa kwa ziweto. Majekeseni amachitidwa kuti ndi odwala onse komanso omwe adakumana nawo.
Matenda owopsa a nkhumba
Chifukwa cha matendawa ndi kachilombo koyambitsa zakudya ndi madzi. Gastroenteritis ya nkhumba imawonetseredwa ndi kutaya mphamvu, kusowa kwa njala, kusanza kwafupipafupi, kutsegula m'mimba, mucous membrane, ndi kutentha kwa thupi kumagwa. Nyama zazing'ono zimapulumuka kawirikawiri mpaka masiku 14. Palibe mankhwala othandiza odwala, chifukwa mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi kuchepa kwa madzi, maantibayotiki amatsutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ziweto zimakhala zotentha, shuga ndi electrolytes amaperekedwa.
Matenda a nkhumba - kupewa
Kuti mupeze nyama zathanzi, zothandiza kwambiri, zithandizidwe:
- Gawo la chuma liyenera kumangidwa ndi matabwa, pakhomo lokhala dezokovikiki ndi disinfection madzi.
- Ogwira ntchito pa famu akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zovala zapadera, zomwe sizingatheke kupitirira.
- Pofuna kuteteza matenda osagwidwa ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi gastritis, kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha, ma drafts, kutentha kwamtunda kumatetezedwa, zowonongeka, zowonongeka, zowonongeka sizikhoza kudyetsedwa.
- Pofuna kupweteka, sodium carbonate, piperazine, ndi ng'ombe zimamwetsedwa ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
- Matenda opatsirana a nkhumba ndi owopsa kwambiri, anthu amatetezedwa ndi katemera waukulu:
- ali ndi zaka 30 - kuchokera ku salmonellosis ndi pasteurellosis: PPD 3-4 ml, pambuyo pa masiku asanu - 4-5 ml; ATP 2 ml - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, patatha masiku asanu ndi awiri - 2 ml tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pambuyo pa masiku 60 ml 4;
- 40-45 nkhumba zowonongeka zimagwidwa ndi mliriwu, mobwerezabwereza ali ndi zaka zitatu, ziweto zazikulu zimayikidwa kamodzi;
- Mu masiku 45 amapanga jekeseni wa katemera wa VGNKI kuchokera ku leptospirosis, kubwereza - patatha sabata;
- Immunolactone motsutsana ndi phazi ndi mkamwa, kuboola 0.4 g wa nkhumba kwa miyezi itatu kapena 0.1 g pa kilo imodzi ya thupi kwa anthu okhwima;
- ali ndi zaka 60-65 - katemera wotetezedwa ndi antiserizedwe, nkhumbazi zimayikidwa ndi 0.3 ml ndi 0,5 ml pakapita masiku 14;
- Mitundu yotsala ya katemera imayesedwa ndi ziweto kuti ziteteze ku matenda omwe amapezeka m'derali.