Aliyense wa makolo amalota kuti mwana wake adzabadwa wathanzi ndikukula wokongola komanso wanzeru. Mwamwayi, nthawi zambiri zimachitika, koma nthawi zina pamakhala zosasangalatsa.
Mankhwala amakono apita patsogolo, ndipo matenda ambiri owopsa amachiritsidwa kale. Koma pali matenda osadziwika komanso osadziwika, omwe sanaphunzirepo pang'ono. Ngakhale madotolo abwino kwambiri samapatsidwa kuti amvetse zomwe zimayambitsa zochitika zawo ndikuthandiza anthu omwe akudwala nawo.
1. Kusokonezeka, dyslexia, kukambirana
Poyamba zinthu zimawoneka bwino: mwanayo amakula, amasewera, amaphunzira. Koma panthaŵi inayake, makolo amakumana ndi mavuto osamvetsetseka. Ana awo sangathe konse kuphunzitsa kuŵerenga, kulemba, kuwerengera. Chifukwa chake ndi chiyani choti achite? Kodi ndi ulesi kapena matenda ena achilendo?
Kulankhulidwa kuli ndi mitundu iwiri ya ntchito yolankhula - kulemba ndi kuwerenga. Mawu achilendo ndi oopsya ngati dysgraphia ndi dyslexia amatanthauza kusakhoza kapena kuvutika kolemba kulemba ndi kuwerenga. Kawirikawiri zimakhala zikuwonedwa nthawi imodzi, koma nthawi zina zimachitika mosiyana. Kulephera kuwerenga konse kumatchedwa alexia, kulephera konse kulemba ndi agrarians.
Madokotala ambiri samaganiza kuti zoperewerazi ndizovuta, koma zikutanthauzira ku zenizeni za momwe ubongo uliri ndi malingaliro osiyana kwambiri a dziko lapansi komanso kuyang'ana zina zomwe zimakhalapo. Dyslexia iyenera kukonzedwa, osati kuchitidwa. Kulephera kuwerenga ndi kulemba kungakhale kokwanira kapena kosakwanira: osamvetsetsa makalata ndi zizindikiro, mau onse ndi ziganizo, kapena malemba onse. Mwanayo akhoza kuphunzitsidwa kulemba, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo amapanga zolakwa zambiri, amasokoneza makalata ndi zizindikiro. Ndipo, ndithudi, izi sizichitika chifukwa cha kusadziŵa kapena ulesi. Izi ziyenera kumveka. Mwana wotereyo amafunikira thandizo la katswiri.
Kwa zizindikiro zapitazo nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chizindikiro china chosasangalatsa - diskulkuly. Amadziwika ndi kulephera kumvetsa chiwerengero, mwina chifukwa cholephera kumvetsa makalata ndi zizindikiro powerenga. Nthawi zina ana amalephera kugwira ntchito ndi manambala m'maganizo, koma ntchito zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndizo sizingatheke. Izi mwina chifukwa chakuti munthuyo alibe mwayi wozindikira zonsezo.
Mwamwayi, mankhwala amakono samapereka yankho lothandiza ku funso la chifukwa chake sangathe kuphunzira kuwerenga, kulemba, kuwerengera zaka 6 kapena 12 kapena wamkulu.
Dyspraxia - chisokonezo chogwirizana
Izi zimakhala zosavuta kuchita zinthu zosavuta, mwachitsanzo, kutsuka mano kapena kumanga nsapato zanu. Vuto kwa makolo ndi kuti samvetsa bwino za khalidweli, ndipo m'malo momvetsera mosamala amasonyeza mkwiyo ndi kukwiya.
Koma, kuwonjezera pa matenda a ubwana, pali zambiri, zosayembekezereka, matenda omwe munthu amakumana nawo kale akakula. Mwinamwake simunawamvepo ngakhale za ena a iwo.
3. microsis kapena matenda "Alice mu Wonderland"
Izi, mwatsoka, ndi matenda osagwirizana ndi matenda a mitsempha omwe amakhudza maganizo a anthu. Odwala amawona anthu, zinyama ndi malo awo mochepa kwambiri kuposa momwe iwo aliri. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mtunda wa pakati pawo umawoneka wosokonezeka. Matendawa amatchedwa "Lilliputian masomphenya," ngakhale kuti amakhudza osati kuona kokha, komanso kumva komanso kugwira. Ngakhale thupi lanu lingamveke mosiyana kwambiri. Kawirikawiri matendawa amatsekedwa maso ndipo nthawi zambiri amadziwika ndi kuyamba kwa mdima, pamene ubongo sukudziwa zambiri za kukula kwa zinthu zozungulira.
4. Kuthetsa Syndrome
Pamaso pa matenda amtundu wotere, anthu sangathe kulingalira musanayambe ulendo woyang'ana kujambula. Mukafika pamalo omwe muli zinthu zambiri zamakono, amayamba kuwona zizindikiro zoopsa za kuopsya kwa mtima: kuthamanga kwa mtima, chizungulire, kuwonjezeka kwa mtima komanso ngakhale kukonda. Mu imodzi mwa maofesi a Florence ndi alendo opezeka maulendo nthawi zambiri panali zochitika zoterezi, zomwe zimatanthauzira matendawa. Dzina lake linachokera kwa Stendhal wolemba mbiri, yemwe anafotokoza zizindikiro zomwezo m'buku lake "Naples ndi Florence".
5. Matenda a munthu wa ku France wotuluka ku Maine
Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa ndi ovuta kwambiri. Odwala oterewa akudumphadumpha, akufuula, akukweza manja awo, kenako amagwa pansi, akugudubuza pansi ndipo nthawi yayitali silingatheke. Matendawa anayamba kulembedwa ku US mu 1878 kuchokera ku French logger ku Maine. Kotero dzina lake linakhalapo. Dzina lake lina ndikulingalira bwino.
6. Matenda a Urbach-Vite
Nthawi zina izi zimangokhala matenda osadziwika otchedwa "shumba". Ndizovuta kwambiri matenda a chiberekero, chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe chiri pafupi kuthetsa mantha. Kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuti kusowa mantha si chifukwa cha matenda, koma ndi zotsatira za chiwonongeko cha amygdala ya ubongo. Kawirikawiri odwala otero, liwu lofuula ndi khungu lakuda. Mwamwayi, popeza kutulukira kwa matendawa m'mabuku a zachipatala kunalembedwa milandu yosachepera 300 yawonetseredwe.
7. Matenda a munthu wina
Izi ndi matenda ovuta a psychoneurological omwe amadziwika ndikuti mmodzi kapena onse awiriwa akuchita ngati kuti ali okha. Katswiri wa zamagulu a ku Germany Kurt Goldstein poyamba anafotokoza zizindikiro za matenda achilendo pamene iye anawona wodwala wake. Atagona, dzanja lake lamanzere, pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo osasamala, mwadzidzidzi anayamba kumunyengerera "mbuye". Matenda osadziwikawa amapezeka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zizindikiro pakati pa ubongo wa ubongo. Ndi matenda otere mungadzivulaze popanda kuzindikira zomwe zikuchitika.