M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana za matenda omwe angasinthe maonekedwe a munthu osadziwika, osati abwino.
M'munda wa zamankhwala, anthu apindula kwambiri, ataphunzira matenda osiyanasiyana omwe poyamba ankawoneka osachiritsika. Koma palinso zambiri "mawanga oyera" omwe sakhala chinsinsi. Kawirikawiri masiku ano mumatha kumva za matenda atsopano omwe amatiopseza ndi kumvetsa chisoni anthu omwe akudwala nawo. Pambuyo pa zonse, kuyang'ana pa iwo, mukumvetsa, chiwonongeko chotani chomwe chingakhoze kukhala.
1. Matenda a "mwala"
Izi zimatchedwa matenda a Munich. Zimachokera ku kusintha kwa chimodzi mwa majeremusi ndipo, mwatsoka, ndi chimodzi cha matenda opweteka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nthendayi imatchedwanso "matenda a mitsempha yachiwiri", chifukwa cha kutupa kwa minofu, mitsempha ndi minofu, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwachinthuchi kumachitika. Pakadali pano, matenda 800 a matendawa adalembedwa padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mankhwala othandiza sanapezekenso. Pofuna kuthetsa vuto la odwala painkillers okha amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mu 2006, asayansi adatha kudziwa kuti kupotuka kwa chibadwa kumapangitsa bwanji "mafupa achiwiri", kutanthauza kuti pali chiyembekezo chakuti matendawa angathe kugonjetsedwa.
2. Khate
Zikuwoneka kuti matendawa, omwe timadziwika nawo kuchokera m'mabuku akale, adalowerera. Koma ngakhale lero kumadera akutali a dziko lapansi pali malo onse a akhate. Matenda owopsyawa amachotsa munthu, nthawi zina amamuchotsa mbali za nkhope yake, zala zake ndi zala zake. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti granulomatosis kapena khate lopanda matenda (dzina lachipatala la khate) limayamba kuwononga minofu ya khungu, kenaka katemera. Pochita kuvunda kwa nkhope ndi miyendo, mabakiteriya ena amalowa. Iwo "amadya" zala zawo.
3. Pox wakuda
Chifukwa cha katemera, matendawa pafupifupi samachitika lero. Koma mu 1977, blackpox "inayenda" kuzungulira dziko lapansi, kupha anthu ndi malungo aakulu ndi ululu pamutu ndi kusanza. Pomwe dziko la thanzi lidawoneka likukula, zoipa zonse zidabwera: Thupi linaphimbidwa ndi kutsekemera, ndipo maso adasiya kuona. Kwamuyaya.
4. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Matendawa ndi a gulu la matenda obadwa nawo omwe amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ikhoza kuimirira ngozi yowonongeka, koma mu kuwala sikumayambitsa vuto. Komabe, mukakumana ndi munthu wogwirana kwambiri, izi zimayambitsa, zodabwitsa. Kuwonjezera apo, odwalawa ali ndi khungu labwino komanso lowonongeka kwambiri, lomwe limayambitsa mapangidwe ambiri. Amagulu sagwirizana kwambiri ndi mafupa, choncho anthu amatha kusuntha nthawi zambiri ndi kupuma. Gwirizanitsani, ndizowopsya kukhala moyo, mwamantha nthawi zonse, chinachake chochotsa, kutambasula kapena, poipa, kusiya.
5. Rinofima
Kutupa koopsa kwa khungu la mphuno, kawirikawiri mapiko, omwe amaipitsa ndi kusokoneza maonekedwe a munthu. Rhinophymus ikuphatikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa msinkhu, komwe kumayambitsa kubisala kwa pores ndikupangitsa fungo losasangalatsa. Kawirikawiri matendawa amapezeka kuti amasintha nthawi zambiri. Pamphuno mumaoneka ngati hypertrophic acne, pamwamba pa khungu labwino. Khungu la khungu limatha kukhala loyera kapena kukhala ndi mtundu wofiira-wofiira. Matendawa amabweretsa osati thupi, koma amakhalanso osokonezeka maganizo. Zimakhala zovuta kuti munthu alankhulane ndi anthu ndipo kawirikawiri akhale pamtundu.
6. Verruxiform epidermodysplasia
Izi, mwatsoka, matenda osowa kwambiri ali ndi dzina la sayansi - verruxiform epidermodysplasia. Ndipotu, chirichonse chikuwoneka ngati chithunzithunzi cha moyo wa kanema yowopsya. Matendawa amachititsa thupi la munthu kupanga mapangidwe a "mtengo" ngati wolimba komanso kukulitsa zida. Wotchuka kwambiri mu mbiri ya "mtengo wamwamuna" Dede Coswar, anamwalira mu January 2016. Kuwonjezera apo, matenda ena awiri a matendawa analembedwa. Osati kale kwambiri, mamembala atatu a banja lomwelo kuchokera ku Bangladesh anali ndi zizindikiro za matenda oopsa awa.
7. Necrotizing fasciitis
Matendawa akhoza kutchulidwa kuti ndi owopsya kwambiri. Tiyenera kukumbukira nthawi yomweyo kuti ndizochepa kwambiri, ngakhale kuti chithunzi cha matendawa chikudziwika kuyambira 1871. Malingaliro ena, imfa kuchokera ku necrotizing fasciitis ndi 75%. Matendawa amatchedwa "kudya thupi" chifukwa cha kukula kwake msanga. Matenda, omwe aloĊµa m'thupi, amawononga matenda, ndipo njirayi ingalekezedwe ndi kuchotsedwa kwa dera lomwe lakhudzidwa.
8. Mapulogalamu
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa matenda ovuta kwambiri a majini. Ikhoza kudziwonetsera yokha muubwana kapena ukalamba, koma m'mabuku onsewa ikugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa majini. Progeria ndi matenda a ukalamba msanga, pamene mwana wazaka 13 amawoneka ngati mwamuna wazaka 80. Zowala zamankhwala padziko lonse lapansi zimati kuyambira panthawi yomwe anthu amazindikira kuti matendawa amakhala ndi moyo zaka 13 zokha. M'dzikoli mulibe milandu 80 yowonjezera, ndipo pakadali pano asayansi amati matendawa akhoza kuchiritsidwa. Ndiwo angapo omwe akudwala amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka nthawi yosangalatsa, mpaka itadziwika.
9. "Werewolf Syndrome"
Matendawa ali ndi dzina lachidziwitso - hypertrichosis, lomwe limatanthawuza kukula kwa tsitsi kumalo ena pa thupi. Tsitsi limakula kulikonse, ngakhale pamaso. Ndipo kukula kwa ubweya ndi kutalika kwa tsitsi kumbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi kungakhale kosiyana. Matendawa adatchuka muzaka za zana la 19, chifukwa cha masewero a ojambula Julia Pastrana, amene adamuonetsa ndevu pamaso pake ndi tsitsi lake.
10. Njovu
Nthendayi imatchedwa elephantiasis. Dzina la sayansi la matendawa ndi lymphatic filaria. Zimadziwika ndi hyper-zinawonjezeka mbali za thupi la munthu. Kawirikawiri ndi miyendo, mikono, chifuwa ndi ziwalo. Matendawa amafalikira ndi mphutsi za mphutsi, ndi zonyamulira ndi udzudzu. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti matendawa, kusokoneza munthu, ndi chinthu chofala kwambiri. Mudziko muli anthu oposa 120 miliyoni omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za elephantiasis. Mu 2007, asayansi adalengeza kuti kutaya kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komwe kungatithandize kulimbana ndi matendawa.
11. Matenda a "khungu la buluu"
Dzina la sayansi la matenda ovuta kwambiri ndi osavuta ndi lovuta ngakhale kutchula: acanthokeratoderma. Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa ali ndi khungu la buluu kapena duwa. Nthendayi imatengedwa kuti ndi yobadwa komanso yosawerengeka. M'zaka zapitazo, banja lonse la "anthu a buluu" ankakhala ku state ya Kentucky. Iwo ankatchedwa Blue Fugates. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuwonjezera pambaliyi, palibe china chilichonse chomwe chimasonyeza kuti palibe vuto lina lililonse. Ambiri a banja ili anakhala zaka zoposa 80. Mlandu wina wapadera unachitikira ndi Valery Vershinin wochokera ku Kazan. Khungu lake linapezekanso bwino kwambiri pambuyo pochizira chimfine ndi madontho okhala ndi siliva. Koma chodabwitsa ichi chinamuthandiza. Kwa zaka 30 zotsatira iye sanayambe akudwala. Anatchedwanso "munthu wa siliva".
12. Porphyria
Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti ndi matendawa omwe amachititsa nthano komanso nthano za maimpires. Porphyria, chifukwa cha zizindikiro zake zachilendo ndi zosasangalatsa, kawirikawiri amatchedwa "vampire syndrome". Khungu la odwalawa ndikumveka ndipo "zithupsa" zokhudzana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Kuonjezera apo, mazinthu awo "amauma," akuwonetsa mano omwe amawoneka ngati ntchentche. Zotsatira za actuary dysplasia (dzina lachipatala) sizinaphunzire mokwanira mpaka pano. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pamene mwana ali ndi pakati pogonana.
13. Blaschko Lines
Matendawa amadziwika ndi maonekedwe a magulu osadziwika m'thupi lonse. Choyamba chinapezeka mu 1901. Amakhulupirira kuti izi ndi matenda a chibadwa ndipo zimafalitsidwa mwaufulu. Kuphatikiza pa maonekedwe a magulu osakanikirana owonetsetsa pambali pa thupi, palibe zizindikilo zazikulu zomwe zinadziwika. Komabe, magulu oipawa amawononga moyo wa eni ake.
14. "Misozi Yamagazi"
Makliniki a boma la United States ku Tennessee anakhumudwa kwambiri pamene Calvin Inman, mtsikana wazaka 15, adawauza vuto la "misonzi yamagazi." Posakhalitsa anapeza kuti chifukwa cha choopsa ichi chinali hemolacia, matenda omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa mahomoni. Kwa nthawi yoyamba zizindikiro za matendawa zimafotokozedwa m'zaka za m'ma XVI ndi dotolo wa ku Italy Antonio Brassavola. Matendawa amachititsa mantha, koma samaika moyo pachiswe. Kawirikawiri hemolacia imatha pokhapokha atatha kusasitsa thupi.