Zipangizo zamankhwala zowunikira zikuyambiranso. Zida zambiri zamakono, kuphatikizapo tomographs, ndi mapulogalamu onse ndi ma hardware. Mbali zonse ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito zimapangidwa ndipamwamba kwambiri, ndipo pakukonzekera deta, mapulogalamu apakompyuta odziwika kwambiri ali ndi udindo.
Kodi CT ndi chiyani?
Maziko a chipangizo chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chubu yotulutsa X-ray. Amayendayenda mwamsanga mkati mwa mphete yaikulu (gentry), pakati pake pomwe pali bedi losunthira (limene wodwalayo akugona). Kusuntha kwa tebulo iyi ndi chubu kumagwirizanitsidwa. Ndemanga yosavuta yeniyeni yeniyeni ya CT ndi zithunzi za X-ray za gawo lofunika la thupi kuchokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zake, zithunzi zambiri za chiwalo kapena zamoyo zimapezeka m'magawo ndi makulidwe a 1 mm, zomwe zimayikidwa ndi masensa amphamvu.
Zithunzizo zitatengedwa, makompyuta amatha "kusonkhanitsidwa" pogwiritsira ntchito mapulogalamu apadera. Zigawo zonse zomwe zilipo zomwe zimapezeka ndi zizindikiro zowonongeka zimakonzedwa ndi machitidwe opangira. Mwa izi, pulogalamuyi "yowonjezera" chithunzi chokhala ndi mbali zitatu za dera lofufuzidwa, likuwonetsedwa pamakompyuta. Muzithunzi zoterezi, timagulu ting'onoting'ono timapangidwe, ndipo ngakhale kusintha kwakukulu m'ntchito zawo.
Kodi ndi CT zotani zomwe zilipo?
Zipangizo zamakono zamakono zikuyenda nthawi zonse, choncho zipangizo zamakono zikuyendetsedwa bwino. Mitundu yotsatira ya CT imapezeka:
- chowonekera;
- mitundu yambiri;
- kusiyana;
- zojambula;
- kusakaniza.
Mizimu yolemba tomography
Mtundu uwu wa zipangizo wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira kafukufuku kwa zaka 30. Tomograph yamakina ozungulira amakhala ndi magawo atatu:
- chubu X yowonongeka;
- mndandanda umodzi wa masensa osokonekera omwe ali pambali ya mphete;
- bedi likusunthira kudutsa gantry.
Mullayer computed tomography
Mtundu uwu wa chipangizo chimapereka chidziwitso cholongosola kwambiri komanso cholondola. Multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) imasiyana ndi ma diagnosti ndi chiwerengero chowonjezereka cha zizindikiro ndi ma tubes. Muzofotokozedwa, zipangizo zimayikidwa mu mizere 2-4. Pogwiritsa ntchito minofu, sizitsulo ziwiri zokhala ndi X-ray zomwe zingayende bwino, zomwe zimafulumira kufufuza ndikuchepetsa kuchepetsa mphamvu ya dzuwa.
Ubwino wina wa MSCT:
- pulogalamu yatsopano;
- mafano otchuka kwambiri;
- zithunzi zosiyana;
- luso lolembetsa njira zowona mu nthawi yeniyeni;
- chidziwitso chachikulu chadulidwe;
- malo akuluakulu okhudzidwa;
- kumangidwa kwa mitundu ya 3D ya machitidwe ndi ziwalo zonse.
Computed tomography ndi zosiyana
Kupititsa patsogolo kusiyana kwa ziwalo zomwe zili mbali imodzi ndikupanga zochepa za thupi, monga mitsempha ya magazi, mitundu yapadera ya maphunziro a CT. Amanena kuti kuyambitsidwa kwa mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti thupi likhale losiyana kwambiri ndi ma X-rays. Computed tomography ikuchitika m'njira ziwiri:
- Mwamwayi. Wodwala akumwa njira yothetsera vutoli. Mtundu wa madzimadzi, maulendo ndi mafupipafupi a kayendedwe kawo akuwerengedwa ndi dokotala.
- Momwemo. Njira yotsutsana imayendetsedwa ndi jekeseni kapena pogwiritsa ntchito phokoso lokha.
CT angiography
Kafukufukuyu anapangidwa mwachindunji kuti aphunzire za kayendedwe kake. CT angiography ya ziwiya za khosi ndi mutu zimathandiza kuti zisawonongeke za m'madera amenewa, kuphatikizapo ischemic kapena kupweteka kwapakati, kuti azindikire kuopsa kwa zotsatira zake, kuti azindikire mavuto a khalidwe lililonse. Kuonjezerapo chidziwitso chofunika cha ndondomekoyi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi ayodini amajambulidwa mu mitsempha yamtundu.
Imodzi mwa zochitika zamakono komanso zochititsa chidwi zamankhwala ndi zochuluka zamtundu wa tomography za mutu, khosi, miyendo ndi ziwalo zina za thupi. Chifukwa cha mapulogalamu opitilira pang'onopang'ono kusokoneza kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zitatu zozungulira zonse za munthu zomwe ziri ndi kuthekera kwa mapu ake ofotokoza mwatsatanetsatane.
CT perfusion
Maphunziro omwe amaperekedwawa akuonedwa kuti ndiwo njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira zovuta zowonjezera. Mapulogalamu a perfusion tomography amasiyana ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito kachitidwe kakang'ono kake, komwe kumapereka ziwalo zowonjezera zowonongeka za ziwalo za 3D. Kusokoneza kotereku kumachitidwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachinyengo kwa sing'anga wosiyana kusiyana ndi kuyendetsa galimoto yodzidzimutsa.
M'chipatala, khungu lopangidwa ndi CT ndi chiwindi limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zimathandiza kuti zikhale zogwirizana kwambiri ndi zojambulazo, koma kuti ziwone momwe magazi akugwiritsira ntchito m'thupi mwawo, zida zazikulu ndi zing'onozing'ono. Pazinthu zamakono njira izi zikhoza kuwonetsedwa mu nthawi yeniyeni.
CT - zizindikiro ndi zotsutsana
Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala kwa zolinga zingapo. Masewera a computed angapatsidwe monga:
- kuwunika;
- matenda;
- kuyendera bwino;
- kuwunika kwa chithandizo cha mankhwala;
- kuletsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zochiritsira ndi zogonana.
CT - zizindikiro za:
- kukomoka ;
- mutu;
- chifuwa chokhazikika;
- malungo;
- matenda osokoneza bongo;
- kusintha m'maganizo;
- vuto lalikulu;
- matenda ochotsa magazi;
- chosowa chokhudza ubongo;
- kupunduka;
- mavuto ;
- kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- hypoventilation wa mapapo;
- mchitidwe;
- ululu m'mbali iliyonse ya thupi losadziwika;
- kusintha kosasunthika mu kusasinthasintha ndi khalidwe lachitetezo;
- matenda osokonekera;
- Kuyenda bwino kwa msana ndi ziwalo;
- myalgia ;
- matenda a mphuno;
- magazi ;
- Matenda a mano ndi chingwe chamlomo;
- kukayikira za kukhalapo kwa maonekedwe a khalidwe lirilonse;
- paresis ndi zinthu zina.
Zotsutsana ndi zolakwika popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chojambulira chosiyana:
- mimba;
- Kulemera kwa thupi kupitirira kupitirira kwaloledwa kwa chipangizo chomwe chilipo.
CT ndi mankhwala okhala ndi ayodini ali ndi zotsutsana zofanana, ndipo sizingatheke pazochitika zoterezi:
- myeloma;
- zovuta zosiyana ndi wothandizila;
- matenda a shuga pachigawo chachikulu;
- impso kulephera ;
- chikhalidwe chosavomerezeka cha munthu;
- matenda a chithokomiro.
Kodi computed tomography ikuwonetsa chiyani?
Mothandizidwa ndi njira yowunikira, ndizotheka kufufuza nyumba zonse. Kodi CT imasonyeza chiani chimadalira cholinga cha cholinga chake, malo omwe akufufuzidwa ndi mtundu wa ndondomeko yake. Masewera a pakompyuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire ziwalo zamkati, matenda ofewa, mafupa ndi ziwalo. Angiography ndi perfusion amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a mitsempha yayikulu ndi yaing'ono yamagazi.
Masewera a tomography a pamimba
M'dera lamtundu uwu, kufufuza kumathandiza kuzindikira zizindikiro za ziwalo zilizonse za m'mimba. Mankhwala a tomney a impso, spleen, m'matumbo, chiwindi, kapangidwe amaperekedwa ngati akukayikira mavuto awa:
- chosowa;
- chithunzi;
- zotupa;
- aneurysms;
- ziphuphu;
- lymph node yowonjezera kapena yotentha;
- kupezeka kwa zinthu zakunja;
- zosokoneza;
- magazi;
- chowongolera;
- congenital anomalies.
Mapulogalamu a pakompyuta a m'matumbo amaphatikizapo kugwiritsira ntchito zosiyana siyana. Asanayambe kusokoneza, wodwalayo ayenera kumwa zakumwa zamadzimadzi. Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito njira yosiyanitsira, katatu kamatumbo kamatumbo sichidzawonetseratu makoma a chiwalo, komanso mndandanda wa mitsempha ya magazi, thupi labwino komanso maonekedwe a mucous membrane.
Pamaso tomato pachifuwa
Mbali iyi ya kafukufuku imapereka umboni wokhudzana ndi dongosolo la kupuma, mtima, malo, aorta, mapira a mammary ndi matenda ofewa. Mapulogalamu a kompyuta a mapapo ndi bronchi akulimbikitsidwa kuti azindikire matenda otere:
- mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi;
- chiwombankhanga;
- aneurysm;
- chithunzi;
- chifuwa chachikulu;
- chibayo ;
- malingaliro otukuka;
- kusintha kosautsa;
- malingaliro;
- atelectasis;
- pleurisy;
- sarcoidosis;
- chithandizo;
- chiphuphu.
Matenda ena omwe amathandizira kupeza katemera wa thora:
- matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yambiri ya magazi;
- minofu mu mammary glands;
- chisokonezo;
- chilakolako chokhalitsa;
- Kufa ziwalo;
- reflux yamagazi;
- zolakwika mu chitukuko cha mediastinum;
- lymphogranulomatosis ndi ena.
Kuchuluka kwa tomography ya ubongo
Kufufuzidwa kwa chigawo chapakatikatikati cha mitsempha yamagetsi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi chiyambi cha kusintha kulikonse mu ntchito yake. Musanayambe ndondomekoyi, dokotala ayenera kufotokoza zomwe CT imaganiza za ubongo ndi-zithunzi zojambula za X-ray zosiyana siyana, zomwe zimakupangitsani kuti mupeze zithunzi zapamwamba (magawo) kuti mumange chitsanzo cha 3D.
Kuponderezedwa kumathandiza kupeza matenda ndi kuvulala kwa thupi, kuti aone kuchulukitsidwa kwa kayendetsedwe ka mthupi, kuyang'anira njira ya chithandizo. Mapulogalamu a pakompyuta a ubongo amasonyeza zophwanya izi:
- zikwapu;
- zotupa zabwino ndi zopweteka;
- hematoma;
- kuvulala;
- chosowa;
- matenda aakulu a magazi;
- encephalitis;
- kupweteka;
- matupi achilendo mu minofu yofewa;
- chithunzi;
- zolakwika zowonongeka;
- edema;
- ziphuphu m'munsi mwa chigaza;
- kuwonjezeka kwa ubongo wa ubongo;
- hydrocephalus;
- chiwonetsero;
- zovuta za zovuta za ischemic kapena stroke;
- kusokonezeka kwa maiko ena ndi ena.
Mapulogalamu a pakompyuta a mano
Phunziroli likufunikanso ku matenda aakulu a mano kapena kufunika kochita opaleshoni pansi pa X-ray control. Mapulogalamu a pakompyuta a nsagwada amathandiza kuzindikira:
- ziphuphu;
- chithunzi;
- kutupa kwa mizu yozungulira yozungulira;
- kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka nthawi ndi periontium;
- kupezeka kwa mano opanda nzeru osapezeka;
- zilema zobereka;
- kuvulala kwa nsagwada;
- kusintha mu mucous membrane;
- chithandizo;
- matenda a mizu yamtsinje;
- Kusokonezeka kwapakati pazombo zazing'ono;
- zolakwika zapachiyambi ndi zamkati.
Mankhwala a tomography a msana
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kotereku kumaperekedwa kuti afotokoze za matendawa ndi ululu waukulu kumbuyo ndi kuchepetsa kuyenda kwake. Chomwe chimasonyeza CT ya msana:
- fractures;
- matenda opatsirana;
- chisokonezo;
- osteochondrosis;
- chitsulo;
- kusintha mu lumen wa ngalande ya msana;
- chiwonongeko cha vertebrae;
- zopanda;
- kupanikizika kwa mizu ya mitsempha ya msana;
- nyamakazi ya mafupa osakaniza;
- ziphuphu;
- metastases ochokera kumadera oyandikana nawo;
- chiwonongeko;
- spondylosis;
- ming'alu mu vertebrae;
- chithandizo;
- matenda a rheumatic;
- stenosis;
- kutupa;
- kusasinthasintha kwa ma vertebrae;
- mchitidwe;
- kupopera mitsempha ya magazi.
Mapulogalamu a pakompyuta amachimo a mphuno
Ndondomeko yomwe ikufotokozedwayi imapereka mayesero ozama pa zigawo zonse zapumapeto:
- mafoni ambiri;
- zowonongeka;
- chithunzi;
- zojambula zamkati.
Mapulogalamu a pakompyuta a mphuno amasonyeza:
- etmoiditis;
- sinusitis;
- sinusitis;
- kutsogolo;
- sphenoiditis;
- zotupa za mucous membranes za khalidwe lirilonse;
- njira yotupa;
- mapulogalamu;
- adenoids;
- zofooka, zophulika ndi zovulala zina zamapapo;
- zinthu zakunja;
- congenital anomalies ya mawonekedwe.