Maholide ku Israel

Oyendayenda omwe amabwera ku Israeli , poyamba, amafunitsitsa kudziŵa miyambo ya dziko lino. Chofunika kwambiri pa izi chikusewera ndi maholide a Israeli, omwe ambiri mwa iwo ali okhudzana kwambiri ndi zipembedzo ndi zikhulupiliro zachipembedzo ndipo amachokera ku zochitika zomwe zimayikidwa m'mabuku opatulika. Palinso maholide oterewa, omwe ali okhudzana ndi masiku ovuta omwe anachitika m'mbiri ya Ayuda.

Makhalidwe a maholide ku Israeli

Chimodzi mwa zikuluzikulu za maholide a Chiyuda ndikuti nthawi zawo zimakhazikitsidwa molingana ndi kalendala ya lunisolar, yomwe kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lapadera la kuwerengera ndi khalidwe. Chiyambi cha miyezi ikugwera mwezi watsopano, pa maziko awa, mwezi uliwonse pali masiku 29-30. Choncho, chaka chomwe chinapangidwa kuchokera ku miyezi yotere sichigwirizana ndi "dzuwa", kusiyana kuli pafupi masiku khumi ndi awiri. Ngati tiganizira za zaka 19, ndiye kuti zaka 7 zili ndi mwezi wina, womwe umatchedwa Adar ndipo umaphatikizapo masiku 29.

Malingana ndi momwe lamuloli likuletsedweratu, zikondwerero za Israeli zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa mwazigawo izi:

1. Maholide, ntchito zomwe siziletsedwa - Shabbat ndi Yom Kippur .
2. Palibe ntchito yololedwa kupatula kuphika - Rosh HaShanah , Shavuot , Simhat Torah , Pasaka , Shmini Atzeret , Sukkot .
3. Masiku omwe amagwera pakati pa Pasaka ndi maholide a Sukkot - ntchito yokha yomwe siingakhoze kuchitika nthawi ina imaloledwa.
4. Purimu ndi Hanukkah - izi sizikulimbikitsidwa kuchita bizinesi iliyonse, koma ngati kuli kotheka - n'zotheka.
5. Maholide omwe alibe udindo wa lamulo ( 15 Shvat ndi Lag Baomer ) - pazimenezi mukhoza kugwira ntchito.
6. Maholide, omwe saloledwa kugwira ntchito - ndi Tsiku la Independence, Tsiku la Masewera a Israeli , Tsiku la Yerusalemu , akuyimira zochitika zina zosaiŵalika m'mbiri ya Ayuda.

Maholide a Israeli ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyana:

1. Kuletsedwa kwa ntchito, komwe kumakhazikitsidwa ndi miyambo yachipembedzo.
2. Ndizozoloŵera kusangalala (izi sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazolemba za Yom Kippur ndi zikondwerero). Zikanakhala kuti tsiku la tchuthi lidakhala limodzi ndi kulira kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri kwa imfa, ndiye kuti liyenera kukhazikitsidwa tsiku lotsatira.
3. Ndizozoloŵera kudya, madalitso omwe amapezeka pa vinyo (kutayika) amatchulidwa.
4. Msonkhano wa anthu onse ammudziwu umakhala ndi cholinga chochitira mwambowu mwambo wapadera.
5. Chiyambi cha maholide chikugwirizana ndi kutuluka kwa dzuwa, kumene Ayuda akuyimira kubadwa kwa tsiku latsopano.
6. Lamulo lachisangalalo limagwira ntchito kwa anthu onse mosasamala za kugonana, zaka, chikhalidwe chawo.

Zikondwerero Zadziko lonse mu Israeli

Ku Israel, maholide ambiri a dziko amazikondwerera, omwe amakhudzana ndi tsiku linalake lachipembedzo. Wotchuka kwambiri mwa iwo ndi:

1. Shabbat ikukondwerera Loweruka lirilonse. Izi zimachokera ku zikhulupiliro zachipembedzo zomwe zimanena kuti masiku asanu ndi limodzi pa sabata amayenera kugwira ntchito, ndipo tsiku lachisanu ndi chiŵiri ndilo kupumula. Loweruka, izo siziletsedwa kukonzekera chakudya, kotero tsiku lino kudya kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, komwe kunakonzedwa madzulo a Lachisanu ndi kutentha pamwamba pa kutentha kwakukulu. Ngati ntchito iliyonse ikugwirizana ndi Sabata, iyenera kusinthidwa tsiku lotsatira. Pali chakudya chamadyerero, chomwe chikuphatikizidwa ndi pemphero lodziwika bwino - limatayika. Loweruka, makandulo akuyatsa komanso zovala zoyera zimavala. Mabungwe a anthu amaimitsa ntchito yawo, ndipo tekesi yokha imagwira ntchito kuchokera kumtunda.
2. Rosh Chodesh (Mwezi Watsopano) - umatanthawuzira kuwonetseratu, kumagwirizana ndi kuyamba kwa mwezi watsopano. Lero likuphatikizidwanso ndi chakudya chamadyerero, chokhala ndi banja komanso abwenzi. Ntchito ikuchitika, mbali yomwe ili ndi mwambo wopangira zipilala. Ntchito ikhoza kuchitidwa ndi imodzi yomwe sungayimbenso nthawi ina, makamaka kwa amayi.
3. Mauthenga - iwo amakondwerera kukumbukira chiwonongeko cha Kachisi ndikuwonetsa chisoni cha anthu achiyuda. Masiku ano ndizozoloŵera kufufuza zochita zawo ndikupempha chikhululukiro cha machimo.
4. Hanukkah ndilo tchuthi la makandulo. Akulongosola za chozizwitsa, pamene Ayuda adapeza mafuta m'Kachisi, omwe adayenera kukhala tsiku limodzi. Koma ngakhale izi, moto wochokera m'makandulo unali wokwanira kwa masiku 8, kotero chikondwerero cha Chanukah chikuphatikizidwa ndi kuyatsa kwa makandulo kwa masiku asanu ndi atatu. Komanso, pali mwambo wopatsa mphatso kwa ana.
5. Purim - imakondwerera kukumbukira chipulumutso cha Ayuda mu ufumu wa Perisiya. Ili ndi holide yokondwa kwambiri, anthu amamwa vinyo, amakonza zakudya, amagwira nawo ntchito zamakono ndi zotsalira.
6. Pasika ndi Paskha wa Chiyuda komanso chizindikiro cha kubwera kwa kasupe ndi kukonzanso. Nthawi yake ndi masiku asanu ndi awiri, panthawiyi amadya matzo - awa ndi mikate yopanda phokoso yomwe amaphika monga kukumbukira mkate umene Ayuda adagwiritsa ntchito pothawa Igupto kuchokera kwa farao.

Maholide mu September mu Israeli

M'nthawi yam'mbuyomu, zikondwerero zambiri zimakondweretsedwa ku Israeli, ndipo oyendayenda omwe akufuna kudziwa miyambo ya dziko lino angafune kudziwa kuti maholide ali mu Israeli mu September? Zina mwa izo mungathe kulemba izi:

1. Rosh Hashanah ndi Chaka Chatsopano cha Chiyuda, chomwe chimadziwika kuti Phwando la Mabomba a Israeli, ndipo pakubwera kwake masikuwo akuwerengedwa mu chaka chomwe chikubwera, chikuyimira kulengedwa kwa dziko lapansi. Patsiku lino ndizozoloŵera kuti Ayuda azifufuza mosamalitsa zochita zawo, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti m'chaka chatsopano munthuyo adzalandira mphoto malinga ndi zomwe zikuchitika chaka chotsatira. Patsiku lino, mwambo woterewu, wotchulidwa m'malembo opatulika, umachitidwa ngati lipenga mu lipenga (nyanga yamphongo), yomwe ikuyimira kufunika kwa kulapa kwa ochimwa pamaso pa Mulungu. Pa phwando la chikondwerero, pali zakudya zoterezi: nsomba, zomwe ziri chizindikiro cha chonde, kaloti, kudula pakati - pakati pa Ayuda zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ndalama za golidi, maapulo ndi uchi - amaikidwa kuti akhale moyo wokoma.
2. Yom Kippur - Tsiku la Chiweruzo, momwe kumvetsetsa kwa machimo kumachitika. Ayenera kudzipatulira yekha kumvetsetsa kwa miyezo ya moyo ndi zochita zake, Ayuda amafunsa chikhululukiro kwa ena. Pulogalamuyi ikuphatikizidwa ndi malamulo oletsedwa: Simungathe kudya, kusamba ndi kuzidzola pamaso panu, kuyendetsa galimoto, kulowa mu ubale wapamtima, kulankhula pafoni. Pa tsiku lino, palibe radiyo ndi televizioni, palibe kayendedwe ka anthu.
3. Sukkot - tchuthi limene limalongosola mmene atatuluka ku Igupto, Ayuda ankakhala m'misasa. Pokumbukira izi, ndizozoloŵera kuchoka pokhala kwanu ndikukhazikika m'mahema kapena m'misasa, monga Ayuda pamene akudutsa m'chipululu cha Sinai. Kudula kumaikidwa ndi anthu kutsogolo minda, m'mabwalo kapena pamabwalo. Mwambo wina ndi kulengeza kwa madalitso kwa zomera zinayi zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mitundu ina ya anthu a Chiyuda.

Israeli - May tchuthi

Mu May, Israeli akukondwerera masiku osakumbukika awa:

1. Tsiku Lopulumuka la Israeli - izi zinachitika pa May 14, 1948 ndipo zikukondwerera kulengedwa kwa boma la Israeli. Patsikuli ndilopadera pakati pa masiku osagwira ntchito, maulendo oyenda pagalimoto lero, palibenso chiletso chotsatira gudumu, choncho ambiri amakonda kuligwiritsa ntchito m'chilengedwe. Ndiponso, Aisrayeli amapita kumapwando ndi zikondwerero, zomwe zimachitika m'mayiko ambiri.
2. Tsiku la Yerusalemu - likuwonetsanso kugwirizanitsa kwa Israeli patatha zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu (19).
3. Shavuot (mu Russian Orthodox Church akukondedwa ngati Pentekoste) - samangosonyeza tsiku la mbiri yachipembedzo, komanso mapeto a nyengo yaulimi. Pokumbukira Ayuda akubwerera kuchokera ku Phiri la Sinai ndikudyera mkaka, chakudya choterocho chimakhala pa phwando la phwando.

Maholide Ambiri mu Israeli

Kuwonjezera pa Tsiku la Independence, dziko likukondwerera maholide oterewa mu Israeli :

1. Tsiku la Masautso ndi Ulemerero limaperekedwa kwa Ayuda mamiliyoni asanu ndi limodzi omwe anavutika pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Kukumbukira iwo pa 10 am pa gawo lonse la boma kuli siren yachisoni.
2. Tsiku la Chikumbutso kwa asilikali akugwa a Israeli - adaperekedwa kwa Ayuda omwe adafa mukumenyera ufulu wa Israeli. Pakulemekeza kwawo, manda a malirowo amasinthidwa kawiri - nthawi ya 8 koloko masana ndi 11 koloko m'mawa, misonkhano ya maliro ikuchitika m'dziko lonselo.