Kugona Matenda

Matenda otupa, kapena ma "trypanosomiasis" a ku Africa, ndi matenda a parasitic a anthu ndi zinyama zomwe zimafala ku Africa. Chaka chilichonse zimenezi zimapezeka pafupifupi anthu 25,000.

Dera, mawonekedwe ndi zizindikiro za matenda a kugona kwa anthu

Kugona matenda kumafala m'mayiko a ku Africa, kumwera kwa Sahara. M'madera amenewa muli ntchentche zowamwa magazi za tsetse, zomwe ndizo zonyamula matendawa. Pali mitundu iwiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zimakhudza anthu. Izi ndi zamoyo zopangidwa ndi mtundu wa Trypanosomes:

• Trupanosoma gambiense ndi mtundu wa matenda a Gambian (West Africa) omwe amapezeka ku West ndi Central Africa pafupi ndi matupi a madzi;
• Trypanosoma rhodesiense - omwe amachititsa anthu ku Rhodesia (East Africa) mawonekedwe a matendawa, omwe amapezeka ku East Africa, m'mawa.

Zilonda zonsezi zimafalitsidwa kudzera ku ntchentche za ntchentche za matendawa. Amamenyana ndi munthu masana, pamene zovala siziziteteza tizilombo.

Panthawi yoluma, mazira a mapepala amadzimadzi amalowa m'magazi a munthu. Kuwonjezeka mofulumira, amanyamula thupi lonse. Chidziwikiritso cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuti mibadwo yawo yatsopano imapanga mapuloteni apadera, osiyana ndi oyambirirawo. Pachifukwa ichi, thupi la munthu liribe nthawi yopanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda motsutsana nawo.

Zizindikiro za kugona

Mawonetseredwe a mitundu iŵiri ya matendawa ndi ofanana, koma mawonekedwe a East East nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kwambiri ndipo popanda chithandizo chingathe kuthetseratu zotsatira zowopsa m'kanthawi kochepa. Fomu ya East Africa imachitika pang'onopang'ono ndipo ikhoza kutha zaka zambiri popanda chithandizo.

Pali magawo awiri a matenda ogona, okhala ndi mawonetseredwe ena:

1. Gawo loyambalo, pamene tsamba la trypanosome lidali m'magazi (masabata 1 mpaka 3 pambuyo pa matenda):

• maonekedwe a pa tsamba la kuluma kwa chofufumitsa chopweteka (monga lamulo, mwa anthu omwe si achimwenye);
• malungo;
• thukuta;
• kunjenjemera kwa minofu;
• mutu;
• zowawa;
• kuyabwa;
• kusowa tulo .

Gawo lachiwiri, pamene tsamba la trypanosome lilowa m'katikati mwa mitsempha (pambuyo pa milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo):

• kumutu kwa mutu;
• malungo;
• kusamvera;
• kufooka kwakukulu;
• kupitiriza kugona;
• zovuta zamagalimoto;
• phokoso ;
• coma.

Kuchiza kwa matenda ogona

Asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, matendawa sanagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa. Pakadali pano, kuyembekezera kuti chithandizo cha mankhwala chikhale bwino makamaka matendawa atapezeka kale. Mankhwalawa amatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe a matendawa, kuopsa kwake kwa zilonda zam'mimba, kukana mankhwala osokoneza bongo, msinkhu komanso chikhalidwe cha wodwalayo. Pochiza matenda ogona, pakali pano pali mankhwala anayi akulu:

1. Pentamidine amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira mtundu wa Gambian wa African trypanosomiasis pachigawo choyamba.
2. Suramin - amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda a Rhodesi omwe akugona pa gawo loyamba.
3. Melarsoprol - amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zonse ziwiri.
4. Eflornitin - amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mtundu wa Gambian wa matenda ogona m'gawo lachiwiri.

Mankhwalawa ndi owopsya kwambiri, choncho amachititsa mavuto aakulu ndi mavuto. Pachifukwa ichi, chithandizo cha matenda ogona chiyenera kuchitika kokha ndi akatswiri oyenerera ku chipatala chapadera.

Njira zothandiza kupewa kugona:

1. Kukana kuyendera malo omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu choluma ndi ntchentche za tsetse.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito zotetezera zoteteza.
3. Jekeseni wa m'mimba ya pentamidine miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.