PCR mu mazira (polymerase chain reaction method) ndi njira yodziŵira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimachokera ku chidziwitso cha majini omwe amachokera kwa wodwalayo. Pochita phunziro ili, nkhaniyi imayikidwa muwapadera, otchedwa riyakitala. Pamene mayesero amatha kuchita: kusungunuka, magazi, ntchentche. Zinthu zowonjezera zamadzimadzi zimaphatikizidwa ku chitsanzo chomwe chatengedwa. Mothandizidwa, buku la DNA la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda limapangidwa. Izi zimakhala za chikhalidwe. Mwa njira iyi ndipo muli nalo dzina lake.
Ndi liti pamene likugwiritsidwa ntchito?
Kusanthula kwa matenda a PCR ndi njira yovuta, kufotokozera zotsatira zake zomwe zimagwiridwa ndi akatswiri. Njira imeneyi imathandizira kupeza matenda ambiri obisika omwe akuphatikizidwa mu PCR:
- papillomavirus;
- urogenital (chlamydia, trichomoniasis, ureaplasmosis ).
PCR ndiyo njira yaikulu yowunikira HIV.
Kufotokozera
Pambuyo pa matendawa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya PCR, zotsatira za kufufuza zafotokozedwa. Pankhaniyi, magwiritsidwe ntchito awiri: "zotsatira zolakwika" ndi "zotsatira zabwino".
Ndi zotsatira zabwino, madokotala akhoza kunena molimba mtima kuti pali wina kapena wina wothandizira mu thupi. Chotsatira chosatsutsika chimasonyeza kuti mulibe matenda m'thupi la munthu.
Ubwino wa PCR
Njira yodziwiritsira njirayi ili ndi ubwino wambiri, makamaka zomwe zili:
- Kufufuza mwachindunji kukhalapo kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi. Njira zina zozindikiritsira zikhoza kuwonetsa zomwe zili mu thupi la mapepala okhaokha. PCR imasonyezanso mwachindunji kupezeka mu thupi la nkhani inayake ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Mkulu wapamwamba wachinsinsi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti muchitsanzo cha nkhani zomwe adokotala akuphunzira
chigawo cha DNA cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chikudziwika, chomwe chimadziwika. - Kumvetsetsa kwambiri kwa njirayi. Njira ya PCR imathandiza kuthetsa maselo omwe ali ndi kachilombo kamodzi. Malo amenewa ndi ofunika kwambiri, popeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ambiri ndi osowa mwachangu komanso owopsa kwa umoyo wa anthu pa chiwerengero chokha. Chifukwa cha PCR, matendawa akhoza kukhazikitsidwa popanda kuyembekezera nthawi yomwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imakula.
- Kukwanitsa nthawi imodzi kuganizira tizilombo tina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, titenga chitsanzo chimodzi chokhacho.