Chiwindi ndi chiwalo chofunikira kwambiri m'thupi la munthu. Ndilo vuto la kutsekemera kwapadera, komwe kumayambitsa kusokoneza kwa mankhwala a poizoni, kuika magazi magazi, chimbudzi ndi njira zina. Kutupa chiwindi cha chiwindi chimatchedwa hepatitis. Mawuwo amagwirizanitsa gulu la matenda osiyana siyana.
Chiwindi cha Chiwindi - Mitundu
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa zachipatala, matendawa amadziwika kuti ndi ovuta komanso osatha. Cholinga cha chithandizo choyenera ndikofunika kudziwa kuti matenda a chiwindi ndi otani chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa etiotropic (chomwe chinayambitsa):
- matenda (mavairasi);
- chowopsa;
- choyimira;
- dothi.
Chiwindi chachikulu cha chiwindi
Ndi matendawa, kutupa kwa chiwindi kumachitika ndi zizindikiro zoopsa zomwe zimaonekera kuyambira masiku oyambirira. Kudziwa kuti chiwindi ndi chiani, ndi kosavuta kupeza mtundu wake waukulu ndikuyamba mankhwala. Matenda amtunduwu ali ndi chithunzithunzi chabwino ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kuchira, nthawi zambiri sapeza nthawi yochepa.
Matenda a chiwindi
Chithunzi cha kachipatala cha kutupa ndi kochepa, matendawa amapita mosavuta kwa nthawi yaitali. Anthu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chosatulutsa matenda a chiwindi chakuti pali zizindikiro zosawerengeka. Popanda chithandizo, matenda opweteka amachititsa kuti chiwindi chiwoneke. Izi ndizimene maselo omwe amakhala nawo parenchyma amaloledwa ndi minofu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikutaya ntchito zawo. Nthawi zina matendawa ndi aakulu kwambiri moti pali khansa yaikulu ya chiwindi.
Matenda a Chiwindi
Chiyambi cha kutupa chimadalira mawonekedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha matendawa. N'zosavuta kudziŵa chomwe chimayambitsa chiwindi cha matenda a shuga - njira za matenda zimagwirizana ndi causative wothandizira matenda otere (kachilombo, bakiteriya, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda). Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli, komabe sizimakhudza zofunikira zowononga mankhwala.
Matenda a chiwindi opatsirana
Matendawa ndi oyambirira ndi apamwamba. Nthawi zambiri, matenda a chiwindi amapezeka. Zimayambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Malamulowa akuphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda:
- Hepatitis A (Botkin's disease). Kutupa kumayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka HAV. Amatumizidwa ndi njira yamalankhula, yomwe imatanthauza madzi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
- Chiwindi cha matenda a chiwindi B. Chifukwa chake ndi HIV. Iwo ali ndi kachilombo kachitidwe ka kugonana, koyambirira, kowoneka. Wothandizira mankhwalawa amapezeka mu mapuloteni amadzimadzi - umuna, magazi, saliva ndi ena.
- Matenda a hepatitis C. HCV amafalitsidwa ndi madzi, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ambiri zimawoneka kuti zimakhudzana ndi magazi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.
- Chiwindi cha matenda a chiwindi D. Matenda amayenda njira yachiwiri ya matenda. Kulowera kwa kachilombo ka HDV kumachitika nthawi imodzi kapena pambuyo pa matendawa ndi HBV. Njira yofalitsira ndi kudzera mwazi ndi zotengedwa.
- Hepatitis E. Mtundu uwu wa kutupa ndi ofanana ndi Botkin's disease , yomwe imaphatikizapo matendawa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapatsirana ndi njira yachinsinsi.
- Hepatitis F. Mitundu yosadziwika bwino, yomwe imadziwika ndi zotsatira zake za kafukufuku ndi chidziwitso cha epidemiological. Pansi pa mtundu uwu wa matenda, mavairasi amafunika kuti athandizidwe pambuyo pa matendawa ndi mitundu ina ya chiwindi cha chiwindi ndipo amafalitsidwa ndi madzi.
- Chiwindi cha hepatitis G. Wothandizira mankhwalawa amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa mu thupi ndi kugonana popanda chitetezo, koma sichidziwikiratu ngati icho chimapangitsa munthu kutupa kapena kumayenderana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
- Sepatitis. Kugonjetsa chiwindi kumaphatikizapo mavairasi a herpes , rubella, malungo a Lassa, mumps ndi ena.
Mitundu ya mabakiteriya imayambira motsatira maziko a syphilis ndi leptospirosis . Mitundu ya parasitic ya hepatitis ndiyo zotsatira za matendawa:
- toxoplasmosis ;
- amebiasis;
- schistosomiasis;
- opisthorchiasis ;
- fascioliasis.
Kuchepa kwa shuga
Kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya chiwindi nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha poizoni woopsa. Ngati simukumvetsa zomwe matenda a chiwindi amachititsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osayenera, mavuto owopsa angapangidwe. Zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa kwa chiwindi ndi izi:
- kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa;
- kusuta mankhwala;
- kutenga mankhwala;
- kumwa mowa ndi mankhwala.
Hepatitis Yodzichepetsa
Nthenda yosaoneka yomwe imapezeka mwachizoloŵezi chokhalitsa, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimayambitsa matenda opatsirana. Pakali pano sizingatheke kukhazikitsa chifukwa chake chiwindi choterechi chimapezeka - kutupa kwa chiwindi kumayamba popanda zifukwa zomveka. Zikuoneka kuti zimayambitsidwa ndi chikoka cha zinthu zachilengedwe mwa anthu omwe ali ndi maonekedwe ena.
Kutentha kwa chiwindi
Mtundu woterewu wa kutupa umapezeka makamaka makamaka ndi odwala khansa atatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Oimira ena ntchito amakhalanso ndi chiwindi cha chiwindi - zomwe zimayambitsa kuyambira zikuphatikizapo:
- kugwiritsa ntchito zida za radioactive;
- ngozi pa zomera za nyukiliya;
- kuyesera pogwiritsira ntchito mavitamini ndi maulendo ena.
Kutupa kwa chiwindi - zizindikiro
Chithunzi cha kachipatala cha matendawa chimadalira mtundu wa matendawa. Mu maonekedwe ovuta, zizindikiro zoyambirira za chiwindi ndi matenda a chiwindi:
- kutentha;
- zofooka, zamatsenga, zosasamala;
- mutu;
- kuwonongeka kwa chilakolako;
- kupweteka kwa khungu;
- thukuta;
- kuchepa kwachangu;
- chisokonezo;
- ludzu.
Pozindikira kuti ndikofunika kukumbukira zomwe matenda a chiwindi amachititsa - kutentha kwa chiwindi parenchyma. Pang'onopang'ono, zizindikirozi zili ndi zizindikiro zina:
- mdima wa mkodzo;
- jaundice wa khungu, sclera ndi membrane;
- kuwunikira kwa zinyansi;
- kugona kwakukulu;
- normalization ya kutentha kwa thupi kapena kuchepetsa kwa mfundo zowonongeka;
- kusowa kudya, anorexia ;
- matenda opweteka.
Zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana matenda a shuga sizitchulidwa, nthawi zambiri matenda opusa sakhala ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. N'zotheka kukayikira zotupa zomwe zili m'chiwindi malinga ndi chithunzichi:
- kupweteka kwanthaŵi kumbali yakumanja, kuwonjezeka ndi kuchita mwakhama ndikugwiritsa ntchito "chakudya cholemera," mowa;
- Kufiira kwa khungu pazanja ;
- pang'ono chikasu cha sclera;
- zovuta;
- kukondwa;
- fungo losasangalatsa kapena kulawa pakamwa;
- kuwonongeka kwa chilakolako;
- kunyoza, kusanza kawirikawiri;
- chizoloŵezi chovulaza ndi kutuluka magazi;
- kutentha thupi kwabwino;
- zovuta za kugona;
- kutopa;
- mutu;
- malingaliro;
- kuwonjezeka mu chiwindi cha chiwindi.
Kufufuza kwa hepatitis
Kuzindikira za matendawa kumayambira ndi kufufuza ndi kufunsa mafunso kwa munthu, kuzindikira zizindikiro zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha. Tsimikizirani kukayikira kumathandizidwa ndi kuyezetsa magazi kwa chiwindi cha matenda a chiwindi, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa bilirubin ndi aminotransferases. Ngati chiwopsezo cha matendawa ndi kachilomboka, pali wothandizira kwambiri m'thupi. Pankhani ya chiyambi cha kutupa m'magazi, chiŵerengero chachikulu cha ma antibodies chimatsimikiziridwa:
- ku microsomes pachiwindi;
- chithandizo;
- kuti maselo a minofu ayende bwino.
Kuti afotokoze za matendawa, dokotala amasonkhanitsa deta pazifukwa zotsatirazi:
- ntchito yamalonda;
- kukhudzana ndi poizoni ndi mankhwala ena;
- kulandira mankhwala a hepatotoxic;
- njira zochizira matenda opatsirana;
- kuwonetsa ma radiation ionizing;
- kukhalapo kwa zizoloŵezi;
- Momwe mungayanjane ndi mavitamini.
Kuchiza kwa chiwindi cha hepatitis
Mankhwalawa amapangidwa ndi dokotala wodziwa bwino ndipo amadalira mtundu wa matenda. Pali njira zitatu zothandizira kutupa chiwindi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana:
- kukonza mankhwala;
- mankhwala;
- chakudya chapadera.
Kukonzekera kutupa kwa chiwindi
Mtundu uliwonse wa hepatitis umaphatikizapo kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zambiri zoopsa, zomwe zimaipitsa thupi ndipo zimatseka ntchito zowonongeka za zimbudzi za kunja. Pachifukwachi, mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti ayambe kuyeretsa magazi komanso kuwonetsetsa mphamvu zamagetsi. Kusokoneza (ndi dropper) kumayambitsidwa njira:
- shuga ndi vitamini C;
- sodium chloride ndi hepatoprotector (Glutargin kapena analogue);
- Zosintha ndi zofanana.
Kuonjezera apo, opereketsa maulamuliro a pamlomo amalembedwa:
- Atoxyl;
- Enterosgel ;
- Polysorb.
Kuletsa minofu ya minofu yosalala ikugwiritsira ntchito nyx:
- Papaverine;
- Koma-Shpa;
- Drotaverine ndi zofanana.
Pobwezeretsa maselo a parenchyma a chiwalo choonongeka ndi kuonetsetsa ntchito zake, hepatoprotectors amathandiza:
- Chofunika;
- Heptral;
- Sowaldi;
- Karsil ndi zofanana.
Thandizo lachilendo limadalira chimene chinayambitsa kutupa kwa chiwindi - chithandizochi chingakhale ndi mankhwala osiyana omwe ali ofanana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda:
- antiveriral (Interferon, Telaprevir ndi zizindikiro zosonyeza);
- maantibayotiki (Doxycycline, Oxycycline ndi ena);
- antiparasitic (Praziquantel, Albendazole ndi zofanana);
- corticosteroid hormones (Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone ndi mafananidwe).
Kupititsa patsogolo umoyo wabwino ndikuthandizira mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo, chithandizo chamankhwala chimaperekedwa, chomwe chimaphatikizapo:
- antipyretic mankhwala;
- mavitamini;
- antiemetics;
- mavitamini a m'mimba ndi mankhwala ena.
Zitsamba za kutupa kwa chiwindi
Chithandizo chotchuka kwambiri cha chilengedwe cha matenda a chiwindi ndi mkaka wa mkaka. Kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya chake, komabe n'zotheka kutenga mafuta. Mkaka wa mandimu umalimbikitsidwa kudya supuni 1 pafupipafupi 5 pa tsiku, mu mawonekedwe ake oyera, otsukidwa pansi ndi madzi, kapena kuwonjezera pa zakudya zopangidwa kale. Mafuta ayenera kumwa mowa 5 ml 3-5 pa tsiku kwa theka la ola asanadye, kwa miyezi ingapo.
Chithandizo cha matenda a chiwindi ndi mankhwala ochiritsira amaphatikizapo maphikidwe ena othandiza, makamaka omwe ali ndi njuchi. Kugwira ntchito ndi mankhwala ochokera ku uchi (supuni 1) ndi pergie kapena mungu (supuni 1). Kusakaniza uku kumathandiza kuthana ndi kuledzera kwa thupi, komwe kumakhudza thanzi lathunthu ndikulimbikitsa kubwezeretsa chiwindi mwamsanga.
Kupanga mbewu
Zosakaniza :
- mbewu za oat - 1 galasi;
- madzi - lita imodzi.
Kukonzekera, ntchito
- Thirani oats odzola ndi madzi kutentha.
- Imani maola 12.
- Bweretsani yankho kwa chithupsa.
- Koperani mphindi 30 pamtentha wotsika kwambiri mutaphimbidwa.
- Manga chovalacho ndi nsalu yowonjezera ndikupita kwa maola 12.
- Pewani mankhwalawa.
- Imwani kapu 0.5 ya msuzi kwa theka la ola musanadye, katatu patsiku.
Kudya ndi kutupa kwa chiwindi
Thandizo la matendawa limaphatikizapo kukonzanso zakudya zofunika kuti chiwindi chichoke. Maziko a zakudya ndikumvetsa chimene chiwindi chimayambitsa matendawa - kutentha kwapakati pachitetezo chamkati, chomwe chimaphwanya ntchito yake ndi ntchito zake. Pa chifukwa ichi, zinthu zonse zomwe zimapanga katundu pachiwindi sizichotsedwa pa menyu:
- mankhwala opangidwa ndi mafuta ndi utoto;
- mkate watsopano ndi rye;
- mafuta, nyama, nsomba, nkhuku;
- zojambula;
- zosuta;
- chithandizo;
- chakudya chamzitini;
- pickling;
- sausages;
- marinades;
- mazira;
- mafuta;
- masamba omwe amachititsa kuthirira m'mimba (adyo, radish, kabichi, sorelo ndi ena);
- bowa;
- broths;
- Msuzi ndi masamba osakanizidwa ndi tirigu;
- zonse zonunkhira;
- mchere (zochepa);
- zipatso zolimba;
- zipatso ndi tirigu;
- maswiti;
- mafuta, wofiira;
- mkaka;
- kirimu;
- mkaka woopsa;
- mbewu zowala;
- macaroni;
- phala wambiri, kuphatikizapo mapira, balere, balere;
- koka;
- mowa;
- khofi;
- zakumwa za carbonate ndi ozizira.
Chimene mungadye ndi kutupa kwa chiwindi:
- mikate yoyera ya dzulo, masikisi;
- nyama yowonda, nsomba, nkhuku pokhapokha ngati nyama yamchere;
- mpweya wamapuloteni;
- mkaka wotsika kwambiri ndi mankhwala a mkaka wowawasa;
- mafuta a masamba ndi batala (pang'ono);
- Mkaka (ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1) phala la mucous;
- soups zamasamba;
- masamba ophika, owiritsa kapena otsekedwa, owombedwa;
- zipatso zokoma ndi zokoma, zipatso;
- chodzola;
- chithunzi;
- kissel;
- chophika;
- msuzi wa dogrose;
- uzvar;
- tiyi ndi mkaka ndi mandimu;
- zipatso zabwino, mabulosi, tomato timadziti;
- akadali madzi.
Kuteteza matenda a chiwindi
Kuchenjeza matenda oyesedwa mosavuta, ngati kutsatira malamulo ena. Kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa kutsekula kwa chiwindi, ndikofunika kutsatira ndondomeko za ukhondo, kupeŵa kugonana kosateteza. Ndikofunika kufufuza kufooka kwa zida zothandizana ndi kukhudzana ndi madzi. Yankho la funsoli, ngati n'zotheka kugwira chiwindi cha matenda a chiwindi panthawi ya manicure, zolembera ndi zofanana, ndizo zabwino, choncho njira zoterezi sizingakhoze kuchitika m'malo osadziwika. Kuchokera ku mitundu ina ya matenda a tizilombo komwe kuli katemera wothandiza.