Kodi ankakondwerera Khirisimasi ku Russia?

Kwa ambiri a ife, mawu akuti "Khirisimasi" akugwirizanitsidwa ndi nyimbo "MerryChristmas", Santa Claus, masitampu amtengo wapachikidwa pamoto ndi "chips" zina zomwe zimabwereka ku mafilimu a ku Amerika. Komabe, anthu ochepa amaganiza kuti izi zonse zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa Khirisimasi Yachikatolika, yomwe imakondwerera pa December 25 malinga ndi kalendala ya Gregory. Koma okhulupirira a Orthodox amakondwerera phwandoli pa January 7, kudalira kalendala ya Julian. Maiko a Orthodox, makamaka Russia, monga Akatolika, ali ndi miyambo yawo yomwe ili yozama kwambiri. Kotero, iwo ankakondwerera bwanji Khirisimasi ku Russia?

Mbiri ya tchuthi

Ponena za mbiri ya chikondwerero cha Khirisimasi ku Russia, m'pofunika choyamba kuzindikira kuti ikuyamba m'zaka za zana la khumi - panthawi imeneyo kufalikira kwa chikhristu kunachitika. Komabe, zinali zovuta kuti Asilavo achoke mwamsanga chikhulupiriro chachikunja, ndipo izi zinapangitsa chidwi chodabwitsa kwambiri kuchokera ku chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe: oyera mtima achikhristu ena adapatsidwa ntchito za milungu yakale, ndipo maholide ambiri analibe zinthu zosiyana za chikunja. Tikukamba za miyambo: Khirisimasi ku Russia, mwachitsanzo, inagwirizana ndi Kolyada - tsiku la nyengo yozizira, kuwonetsera masiku akutali ndikufupikitsa usiku. Pambuyo pake, Kolyada inayamba kutsegula Khrisimasi - mndandanda wa maholide a Khirisimasi, omwe anakhalapo 7 mpaka 19 January.

Madzulo a pa 6 January adatchedwa kuti Khirisimasi kwa Asilavo. Mawu awa amachokera ku dzina lakuti "osovo" - limatanthauzira mbale yophika ya tirigu ndi balere, yokometsedwa ndi uchi ndi zipatso zouma. Chakudyacho chinayikidwa pansi pa mafano - monga mphatso ya Mpulumutsi, yemwe anali pafupi kubadwa. Patsiku lino kunali chizoloŵezi chosiya kudya pamaso pa nyenyezi ya Betelehemu asanawoneke kumwamba. Usiku anthu amapita ku tchalitchi kukachita utumiki wapadera - Vigil. Pambuyo pa utumikiwo, iwo anagona mu "ngodya yofiira" pansi pa mafano a zida za udzu, rye ndi kudya - phala la mbewu. Poyambirira, chinali chopereka kwa Veles, mulungu wobereka mwachikunja, koma pang'onopang'ono anataya tanthawuzo lake loyambirira ndipo anayamba kuona ngati chizindikiro cha Kubadwa kwa Khristu.

Miyambo ya chikondwerero cha Khirisimasi ku Russia inaphatikizapo "razgovlenie": atasala kudya m'nyumba iliyonse patebulo lokongola ndi phwando linaphimbidwa. Atsekwe, nkhumba, Russian kabichi msuzi, odzola, mantha, zikondamoyo, pies, gingerbread ... Chofunika kwambiri pa tebuloyo chinali "zokoma" - mafano a nyama opangidwa kuchokera ku mtanda.

Miyambo ndi miyambo ya Khirisimasi

Monga tanena kale, Khirisimasi ndi Khirisimasi ku Russia zinakhala masiku 13 - kuyambira 7 mpaka 19 January. Nthawi yonseyi anali odzipereka pazochitika za miyambo yambiri yopatulika, maulamuliro, masewera ndi zosangalatsa zina. Ambiri mwa anyamata otchuka ankawombera: anyamata ndi atsikana anasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndipo amayenda kuzungulira nyumba zonse m'mudzimo, kuimba nyimbo zamtundu pansi pa mawindo (nyimbo zoyamikirika mwiniwake ndi banja lake) ndikuwathandizira.

Tsiku lachiwiri la Khirisimasi linatchedwa "Katolika ya Virgin" ndipo adaperekedwa kwa Mariya Wodala Mariya - mayi wa Khristu. Kuchokera tsiku limenelo kunayamba kufotokozera zamatsenga ndi kuzungulira kwa am'mimba: anyamata avala zovala zawo za ubweya anatulukira mkati, nkhope zojambula ndi utoto ndikuyenda m'misewu, kusewera masewera komanso machitidwe onse. Atsikana osakwatiwa ankaganiza - makamaka, azimayi - anatsanulira phula losungunuka, anaponyera pakhomo pakhomo, akuyang'ana magalasi ndi kuwala kwa kandulo, akuyembekeza kuti awoneke.

Phirisimasi ya Khrisimasi ku Russia yatha ndi ntchito yamadzi: anthu okhulupilira amalowetsa m'mphepete mwachitsulo pafupi ndi Yordano, ndikutsuka machimo awo asanabatizidwe .