Chikhalidwe cha Ethiopia

Etiopia ili m'mabotolo a subequatorial and equatorial, koma nyengo yake imatsimikiziridwa ndi kumtunda pamwamba pa nyanja - iyi ndipamwamba kwambiri m'mayiko onse aku Africa. Nyengo pano ndi yotentha komanso yozizira, ndipo tikhoza kunena kuti chikhalidwe cha Ethiopia chiri choposa poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena m'dera lino.

Mitsinje ndi nyanja

Etiopia ili m'mabotolo a subequatorial and equatorial, koma nyengo yake imatsimikiziridwa ndi kumtunda pamwamba pa nyanja - iyi ndipamwamba kwambiri m'mayiko onse aku Africa. Nyengo pano ndi yotentha komanso yozizira, ndipo tikhoza kunena kuti chikhalidwe cha Ethiopia chiri choposa poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena m'dera lino.

Mitsinje ndi nyanja

Mitsinje ku Ethiopia ili yodzaza kwambiri ndipo imayendetsa bwino bwino ulimi wa ulimi wothirira. Mitsinje yambiri ya kumadzulo kwa mapiri a Aitiyopiya ndi a basinja a mumtsinje wa Nile. Mtsinje waukulu kwambiri m'dera lamapiri, Abbay, m'munsi mwake umatchedwa Blue Nile , ndipo uli pamtsinje wokongola kwambiri wa ku Ethiopia - Tys-Isat , womwe umatalika kufika mamita 45, ndipo m'lifupi mamita 400.

Mitsinje ikuluikulu ya m'dera lino ndi:

Mitsinje ya kum'mwera chakum'maŵa kwa mapiri a Ethiopia ndi yothamanga ku Nyanja ya Indian. Mkulu kwambiri ndi Uabi-Shabelle, komanso mitsinje yomwe imakhala Yubba. Komanso kuzindikiritsa ndi mitsinje ngati Awash ndi Omo .

Zambiri kwambiri ku Ethiopia ndi m'madzi, onse amchere ndi madzi abwino. Ambiri a iwo ali mu Great Rift Zone. Koma nyanja yaikulu kwambiri ku Ethiopia, Tana, siili yogwirizana nayo. Nyanja iyi ili ndi malo okwana mamita 3150 square. km pamtunda wa mamita 15, ndi kuchokera ku Blue Nile.

Dera la Danakil

Chipululu ichi chiri kumpoto kwa dzikoli. Icho chimatchedwa malo ovuta kwambiri ndi osavomerezeka pa dziko lathu lapansi. Zitsulo zamkuwa zomwe zimatulutsa mpweya woipa komanso woipa (kutentha kwa asidi pamtunda kumafika +60 ° C), mapiri otentha - zonsezi zimapangitsa chipululu kukhala malo abwino kwambiri owonetsera mafilimu onena za Gahena.

Ngakhale zili choncho, chipululu cha Danakil chimakopa alendo ambiri, kuphatikizapo malo okongola, odabwitsa ndi mawonekedwe.

Zokonda kwambiri za dera lino zikhoza kutchedwa:

  1. Mapiri a Dallol ndi otsika kwambiri ku Ethiopia ndi mapiri otsika kwambiri padziko lapansi. Phirili liri mamita 48 pansi pa nyanja. Pakuphulika kumeneku kunachitika mu 1915, nyanja ya chikasu ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Mwa njira, buku la Enoki lonena za dera lino lalembedwa ngati phompho lopanda phokoso, ndipo akuti chiwonongeko chidzayamba kuchokera pano (motsimikiza, pofotokoza mapeto a dziko lapansi ndi kosavuta kupeza kufotokoza kwa kuphulika kwa chiphalaphala).
  2. Nyanja Assala. Malo ake amawonanso njira yosangalatsa kwambiri: ndi nyanja ya saline kwambiri padziko lapansi (ngakhale solonchak ya Uyuni ku Bolivia ndi yochepa kwa iyo ndi mlingo wa salinity). Makristasi amchere amapanga pano zithunzi zochititsa chidwi kwambiri za kukula kwake kwakukulu.
  3. Nyanja Erta Ale (amagwiritsanso ntchito "Ertale"). Gombeli likuwoneka ngati Underworld: ndi nyanja yotentha komanso yopanda madzi. Ili m'mphepete mwa phiri lomwe likugwira ntchito mofanana .

Zomera za Ethiopia

Apanso, chifukwa cha malo a dzikoli, pafupifupi dera lonse la zomera limapezeka m'madera ake: dera, sunnah, nkhalango zowirira, nkhalango yamapiri, nkhalango zamapiri, etc.

  1. Kum'mwera chakum'maŵa. Pafupifupi malo onsewa ali ndi mayitanidwe - lamba lalitali kwambiri la Ethiopian Highlands (mpaka mamita 1700 pamwamba pa nyanja). Lili ndi matabwa a xerophytic a mtundu wa Aitiopiya, komanso pamitsinje - masana ndi zitsamba (acacia, myrh, balanitis, etc.) ndi mitengo yopanda mtengo.
  2. Kum'mwera ndi kumapiri. Awa ndi masewera a subspecies osiyanasiyana omwe amapezeka m'nkhalango zoyera. Zomera zambiri pano - mthethe umodzi womwewo, komanso ficus yaikulu, mtengo wa zonunkhira, wotha. M'madera ena, madera a nkhalango zamatabwa akhala akusungidwa, momwe zomera zimakhala kutalika kwa mamita 10.
  3. Kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa mapiri. Ikuphimbidwa ndi nkhalango zamvula. Pano pali mtengo wachitsulo, ficus, chingwe, segum, ndi khofi limakula ngati msana.
  4. Phiri la Savannah. Pakati pa 1700 mpaka 2400 mamita pali belt-degas belt. Mitengo yapamwamba kwambiri ndi azitona zakutchire, duwa la abyssini. Pamphepete mwa nyanjayi pali ficuses zazikulu, komanso palinso mtengo wonga mtengo.
  5. Mitengo yamitengo yonse. Pitilizani kumalo omwewo. Mitengo yapamwamba kwambiri ndi mtengo wachikasu, mkungudza wamtali, mkungudza wamapeni. Monga msana, pali mankhwala osokoneza bongo katr, omwe mumayiko achiarabu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutafuna, ndipo ephedra ndi wokwera.
  6. Mabotolo a Degas ndi Chok. Yoyamba ili pamtunda wa 2500 mpaka 3800 mamita, imadziwika ndi nkhalango zamatabwa ndi madera okwera m'mwamba (Abyssini rose, mtengo wa mitengo, etc.). Ngakhale apamwamba ndi lamba wochepetsetsa, kumene chomera chachikulu ndi lobelia ndi zomera zokhala ngati zofanana.
  7. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti m'mapiri a ku Ethiopia pali mitengo yambiri yamapiri - chomera ichi chinabzalidwa, kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, kubwezeretsa kudula mitengo ya nkhalango.

Zinyama

N'zachidziwikire kuti ndi mitundu yambiri ya zomera, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyama za ku Ethiopia ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Pano mungapeze pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya nyama zomwe zikukhala ku Africa. Nyama zambiri zamoyo zimakhala ku Ethiopia:

Nyama zambiri zimakhala mimbulu, nkhandwe ndi nyenga. Mungapezeko ma rhinoceroses, mvuu, mbidzi, girafa, nyamakazi, komanso nyama zowonongeka - ingwe, cheetahs, servalov, ndi zina zotero Ethiopia sizomwe zimatchedwa paradiso kwa othothologist - pali mitundu yoposa 920 ya mbalame:

Malo osungirako

Sitikunenedwa kuti kusungidwa kwa chilengedwe ku Ethiopia ndibwino kwambiri, koma m'dzikoli pali malo okwana 9, omwe amatetezedwa ndi zomera zomwe zimakhalapo komanso nyama zosawerengeka.

Odziwika kwambiri ndi otchuka pakati pa alendo ndi malo odyera:

Pakati pa malo ena odyetserako zachilengedwe a dzikoli nkofunika kutchula izi: